The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 50, July 1946 - April, 1947 Page: 201
582 p. : ill. (some col.), maps ; 23 cm.View a full description of this periodical.
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The Apache Indians in Texas
The "infamous Lipans" were still receptive to talk of peace,
however, as 'in former years. In the midst of numerous Indian
depredations of the 1820's, a treaty was negotiated in 1822 with
the Lipan in Texas. They agreed, among other things, to deliver
up thirty-four persons whom they held in captivity as well as
fourteen others who had been bought from' other tribes.45 This
peace probably had some lasting benefit, because "this village
[Laredo, on the Rio Grande] has suffered a great deal from at-
tacks of wild Indians, principally the Lipans, who used to lay
siege to it in time of war, but now frequent it peacefully." Chief
Cuelgas de Castro even held a commission as lieutenant colonel
from the Mexican government and drew a salary for his services
which were probably the simple task of reducing the thieving of
his people to the bare essentials for making a living.46
Chief Castro was probably leader of the band that made
the treaty of 1822; this band lived for many years at peace with
the whites, gradually dwindling in numbers and losing their
identity among the Indians who were placed on reservations in
the Indian Territory. Another branch of the Lipan continued to
live in Mexico and long remained a nuisance to Texas. The fol-
lowing statement does not take into account this tribal division:
"It is true that the Lipans have been forced to the Mexican bor-
der, but this does not prove that they were allied with Mexico.
Quite the opposite seems to have been the case, for the Lipans
were friendly toward the government of Texas, and often served
in the army as scouts."47
The Lipan living in Texas sometimes aided their white neigh-
bors against the Comanche. In January, 1839, a few of them
accompanied Colonel John H. Moore on an expedition against
the enemy on the San Saba, and again, in 1841, they aided Cap-
tain Jack Hays of the Texas Rangers in the defense of the fron-
tier.48 Further evidence of their peaceful way was the willing-
ness to sign more treaties. They participated along with ten
other Indian groups in peace talks with commissioners of the
45Lester G. Bugbee, "The Texas Frontier, 1820-1825," Southern History
Association Publications, IV (March, 1900), 119, n. 35.
46Jos6 Maria Sanchez, "A Trip to Texas in 1828," trans. Carlos E.
Castafieda, Southwestern Historical Quarterly, XXIX (April, 1926), 250 f.
47Anna Muckleroy, "The Indian Policy of the Republic of Texas," South-
western Historical Quarterly, XXV (April, 1922), 234.
Henry M. Morfit reported in 1836 that nine hundred Lipan lived in
Texas, "principally above the Colorado and San Antonio." Ibid., 241.
48Walter Prescott Webb, The Texas Rangers (Boston, 1935), 44; J. W.
Wilbarger, Indian Depredations in Texas (Austin, 1889), 3, 79, 114.201
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Texas State Historical Association. The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 50, July 1946 - April, 1947, periodical, 1947; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101117/m1/244/: accessed April 25, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.