Texas Almanac, 1964-1965 Page: 67
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LANDMARKS OF TEXAS 67
ing built in 1860s, still occupied as Yturria
establishment. Historical marker at Zachary
Taylor's headquarters house. Old City Ceme-
tery of historical interest. Karankawa Indians
killed off their race at Padre Island.
CAMP; Near Pittsburg is Van Pitts home,
built before Civil War. First Methodist
Church at Pittsburg celebrated 100th anniver-
sary in November, 1957.
CASS: In southeast corner of cQunty on
Jims Bayou is site of old town of Monterey,
sometimes called Point Monterey, Old Mon-
terey and William's Bluff.
CHAMBERS: Anahuac, county seat, is
most historic. Fort Anahuac was built by
Mexican Government in 1831 near mouth of
Trinity River as fort and customs house. It
was captured by William B. Travis in one of
preliminary battles of Texas Revolution.
Some traces of the fort remain; first known
as Perry's Point. Fort Chambers was built by
Confederates during Civil War, about half
way between old Fort Anahuac and the town
of Anahuac, named for Thomas Jefferson
Chambers. San Augustin de Ahumada, Pre-
sidio, was established in Chambers County in
1756 as a Spanish fort. The post was moved
one league away from the first site and was
abandoned and destroyed by Spanish in 1772.
No trace today. Mission Nuestra Senora de la
Luz del Orcoquisac established in 1756, aban-
doned in 1772. In Anahuac is site of home of
Thomas Jefferson Chambers; Chambersea,
later Anahuac, and Chambers County named
in his honor. Eight miles northeast of Ana-
huac, State Highway 61, is site of Taylor
White Ranch; Texas force camped before
Anahuac and colonists drew up Turtle Bayou
Resolutions, June 13, 1832. Site marked 1936.
At Wallisville is old Hangmans Tower and
old Chambers Courthouse.
CHEROKEE: Near Rusk is marked site of
Cook's Fort, established by James Cook as
protection against Indians. Near Rusk is
Mountain Home, birthplace of James Stephen
Hogg, first native Texan to serve as governor.
Near Rusk is site of old New Birmingham
which was scene of the great East Texas iron
rush of 1891. Was once prosperous community
of about 3,500 and had electric lights and elec-
tric street railway. After a brief boom the
town died. Last remaining houses were de-
molished about 1938. Seven miles northwest
of Jacksonville is monument at graves of vic-
tims of Killough Massacre of 1838, biggest In-
dian depredation of East Texas. Near Mount
Selman is marked site of Larissa College, es-
tablished 1848, became part of Trinity Univer-
sity in 1869. Mound Prairie, six miles south-
west of Alto. is one of chief archaeological
points of interest in Texas. Two miles south-
west of Alto on State Highway 21 is site of
Lacy's Fort, built in 1835 as protection against
Indians. Site marked in 1936. North of Indian
Mound is second site of Mission San Francisco
de los Tejas. Originally established near
Weches in 1690, it was burned and later re-
established in 1716 as Nuestro Padre San
Francisco de los Tejas and maintained until
1719. In 1721 Spanish established a mission
six miles west of Alto, calling it Mission San
Francisco de los Neches. In 1716, Nuestra
Senora de los Dolores de los Tejas Presidio
was built. The mission was moved in 1730 to
vicinity of present Zilker Park, Austin, and
in 1731 moved to final location on San Antonio
River and renamed San Francisco de la Es-
pada. At Alto is Forest Hill, built 1847, in ex-
cellent condition today. Two miles southwest
Alto on State Highway 21 is marker at site
of home of exalted grand Xinesi-Chief Priest
and Custodian of sacred fire of Hasinai Con-
federacy of Indians. Two miles southwest Alto
on State Highway 21 is marker on site of
Neches Indian Village. Near Alto is site of
last home of Chief Bowles of Cherokee Na-
tion. Here he received President Lamar's de-
cree of expulsion from Texas of Cherokeesand associate tribes June, 1839; he was killed
in present Van Zandt County, July 16, 1839.
Twelve miles northwest Jacksonville was
Kickapoo Battlefield where Gen. Thomas J.
Rusk routed band of Mexicans and hostile In-
dians Oct. 16, 1838. Eight miles west Rusk,
U.S. Highway 84, is site of Confederate gun
factory, built 1862 by John L. Whitescarver,
William H. Campbell and Benjamin F. Camp-
bell. Eight miles southwest of Alto is site of
William Roark home, built in 1835. In Roark
Cemetery is buried Candace Midkiff Bean,
wife of Peter Ellis Bean. Near Linwood are
old Palestine Church, founded 1848; original
building replaced with modern structure; old
Selman home still standing; site of Sam Hous-
ton's Spring where he met with Indians. Near
Alto is site of Forest Hills, early plantation
home of Capt. Henry Berryman, pioneer in
Cherokee County. In family cemetery is grave
of Helena Dill Berryman, said to be first
Anglo-American child born in Texas. Six
miles southwest of Jacksonville is site of
Chappell Hill Iron Works, built during Civil
War, abandoned shortly thereafter. Nine miles
south of Rusk, Cherokee Furnace Co. estab-
lished in 1863.
CHILDRESS: Site of Old Childress about
five miles west of present city of Childress.
Seventeen miles north of Childress is site of
Buck Creek stage stand, established 1882 by
Frank Chriss, abandoned 1886 when Fort
Worth & Denver City Railroad reached this
region.
CLAY: Buffalo Springs, landmark as early
as 1849; site of proposed permanent U.S.
Army post, July, 1867, abandoned due to lack
of water and timber Nov. 19, 1867, and Fort
Richardson established instead; scene of
battle July 12, 1874, between Indians and
George W. Stevens of Texas Rangers.
COKE: Near town of Fort Chadbourne was
old Fort Chadbourne, established Oct. 28, 1852,
by the U.S. Army as a protection against In-
dians. Named in honor of Lieut. T. L. Chad-
bourne, killed at Resaca de la Palma, May 9,
1846. It was occupied by Federal troops, 1852-
61, 1865-67. Important station on the Butter-
field Overland Stage Route 1858-61. It was
first called Camp on Oak Creek, abandoned
in 1867. At Robert Lee is marker commemo-
rating Hayrick, first county seat of Coke
County, 1889-1890; later Robert Lee became
county seat.
COLEMAN: Camp Colorado, established
six miles south of Colorado River on road
from Fort Belknap to Fort Mason; in 1856,
took its name from the Colorado River on
which it was situated; moved in 1857 to its
location on Jim Ned Creek in eastern Coleman
County, where it became an important fron-
tier post. Abandoned Feb. 26, 1861. There is
a replica in park at Coleman.
COLLIN: Original home of Collin McKin.
ney, located 17 miles north of McKinney,
was moved during 1936 centennial to Finch
Park in McKinney. Restored by Texas Gar-
den Clubs in 1952. Old Frankford Cemetery
is site of annual celebration on fourth Sunday
in May. In public square at McKinney is
monument to James W. Throckmorton, Texas'
11th Governor. At Wylie is site of St. An-
thony's Catholic Parish, oldest in Northeast
Texas, established 1850s; church was remod-
eled in 1954. At Plano is old Routh home,
built in 1861.
COLORADO: The site of the beef canning
plant and residence of Gail Borden, built in
1872, is % mile northeast of Borden. Gall Bor-
den, inventor of condensed milk, operated this
plant until his death in 1874. It was torn down
in 1885. There is a marker at Alleyton, once
the largest town. Established in 1859 by the
Alley family, members of Austin's original
colony of 300 families, Alleyton was the ter-
minus of Buffalo Bayou, Brazos & Colorado
Railroad, 1860-67. At Columbus is monument
on site of projected capitol of Stephen F.
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Texas Almanac, 1964-1965, book, 1963; Dallas, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth113807/m1/69/: accessed April 23, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.