The Colorado Citizen (Columbus, Tex.), Vol. 2, No. 45, Ed. 1 Saturday, July 9, 1859 Page: 1 of 4
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OUR COUNTY, OUfi STATE, T fit E | O U T H, AN % T H E UNION.
' ---
SSÍͧÍSMfe
C I I.
COLUMBUS, TEXAS, SATURDAY, JULY 9, 1859,
NUMBER 4&
£
mmi
"YlllCet
mm:
It «MIII
For the Citizen.
a Yefltai."
- •. •; ^ : ... j.'- ♦
CÁ3ZB.K i*'l 3 -^¿5 %i
. 1«!« sb article i#yCur Journal, of the
25tU alt, wherein you speak of a " sub-
" scriber having stopped his paper on |Now read, by" way of contrast, the fourth
ita poliiics.1' The article j- m —g|
sufficiently vindicates the course you
chose to adopt, and which you have
since you hare been
courts has been the exercise of
your tost judgment, formed by instruction,
matured by observation, unamalgated with
sordid motive , and exempt from the vas-
That course is the birth-right of every
irican-born freeman, and the acquired
of every free Ait erican citizen by
Better would it be for us had
we feWer of each who were so willing or
inaded to sell that glorious privi-
*a mess of pottage.
r tof all other sciences, ought to
and frequently discussed;
mefit would that be to the
unless it was generally heard or
;T<r vote for or Ugainst a ma#er
measure is declared, by a eelebrated econ-
. omist, 44 to exercise the office of Judge,"
bat not that of a jury, "V -
Is there tny man Whose speeches and '
i writings are to be viewed as predusive ?
Are not great minds almost equally divided
upon the most important eubjects| and is
it noVffcm comparing the two that we
discover troth ánd falsehood t No general
rules can to established whereby to account
for differences in sentiment, and why not
then die same probability in favor of one
as another f And how are we to judge
aright unless we examine the question
* thoroughly f Where is the Divine, of
acknowledged ability to defend the doc-
trines of Revelation against the attacks of
Atheism and Deism, who has not carefully
read the writings of Spinoza, Voltaire,
Volney, Hebbes, Hume and many others ?
Or where is the statesman, of celebrity, no
matter what his politics or party, who has
not read and re-read, and continued to
slavery in State or Territory, or in the
District of Columbia.'' In the same plat-
form, the part/ is pledged to oppose all
attempts to renew, in or out of Congress,
the agitation of the slavery question, in
whatever shape or color it may be made.
resolution of the Houston Platform :
uHesolvedy That we deny the possibility
of the existence of a power in the Legis-
lature of an; Territory, whilst the Consti-
tution prevails, by unfriendly legislation or
otherwise, to defeat tie right of property
in slaves, or practically refuse protection
thereto, but declare that it is entitled to
adequate protection from the General Gov-
vrnment.* That is, Congress shall interfere
with slavery in the Territories for its pro-
tection.
I do not attack the soundness of this
proposition, but place these articles of the
Cincinnati and Houston Platforms in juxta-
position to show their discrepancy, and
make good my assertion in thé outset, that
the Texas Democracy have dissented, in an
essential point, from the National Democ-
racy, and is not identified in principle with
it. Had the Cincinnati Convention de-
clared against a National Bank, (as, in
fact, they did,) and the Houston Convention
for one, the antagonism would not be
greater.
' I Will add, incidentally, that there have
been three final adjustments of this same
question by Congress. The Missouri Com
promi&e of 3820, the resolutions of 1850,
and the act of 1854 organizing the Kansas
and Nebraska Territories. The late Hous-
ton Convention,speaking for the Democracy
of Texas, insists upon the fourth!
• ANNOTATION.
Colorado, July 4, 1859.
tc writers on Political
erroneous in their posi-
i, by Weighing and con
mf
man is, born with all their
faculties perfect, (if they have any
¿faculties,) but man is progressive,
'¿«ad will ever to. Who that ever had a
^respectable education can farget the jes-
•on to—
"Seise «pan truth whereVr tie foun<?,
Among your friends, among your fue
Os christian or on heálfeen granad,
Tlu fiewirt djhrine where'er it ¿rows,
Neybfet (he prickles, tad assume the ro§e "
from my knowledge of you, gentlemen?
this you have observed, and for so dgjng
the lose of one subscriber will be the gain
•f two; "Fiat, justitia rmat caelum."
Since t noticed your article alluded to
abovfj several persons have assured, me
yon should here their patronage, not so
much On account of the principles and
oandidatee you advaoate, as for the manly
and independent oourse you hare chosen
to pursue. u Veritas vincit.1*
m Truly yours,' 8ENEX. *
Columbus, Texas, June 25,1659.
For the Citizen.
Messrs. Editors :
I wish to know what our City Fathers
are doing for themselves and.for the city
of Columbus. If any of them#from the
veritable Mayor down, should happen to
pass around by the street leading to the
ferry, and fall into that mudhole or small
hog late constructed by the Hon. Mayor,
it ib to be hoped that they will meet with
the same fate that Old Zach Luther Occi-
, ""'"Trart ' s • t
T want to lnow%hltrs theTeason
;For the Citizen.
Tke Deuseracy of Texas.
Colobado Citizen :
I deny 'that ihe present Democracy of
Tens belongs to the National Democratic
Party. In political and religions matters,
■■ abrogation or alteration of an essential
article of faith .constitutes a ground of
sebjsm, and consequent dismemberment of
• party * Met.
I shall show that thiernfringamerit of the
National Democratic creed has been made
by the late Houston Convention.
Tbe. adjustment of the great question of
Territories, so long arid bo
* between the North and
1 the special attention of
of the Democratic
in 18 * In
of variance seri-
unity of tbe party,
of consideration by
The Kansas-Nebraska
pawed by Congress, pro-
¿egislatare* of those Ter-
I of all others thereafter organ-
' have tho sole control of the
4 subject only to the
~ Constitution;
the right of
" >f against
fea of-this act
nnati
ate its words: "The
contained in" tbe organic
the Territories of Nebraska
ing the only sound
e slavery question,
national idea of the
can repose in
of the Union;
Kfefigress with
The Indian Girl to her Love-bird.
[The sentiment of the following touching song
is founded on the attachment which ornitholo-
gists describe as subsisting between the little bird
so called and its mate. If either of them die, it
is said the other never sings again, but, with
desperate fidelity, droops and pines till it expires.
Victoria Advocate.]
My love-bird droops in gilded cage,
Of tender mate bereaved,
And I, its mistress, sadly weep
O'er trusting hopes deceived.
E'en in my anguish 1 can mark
Thee, lqpe one, fondly pine,
And think, whiiRbD3 my waning life,
Love-bird, thy fate is mine.
No madd'ning thoughts,no jealous fears, •
Thy little breast could move f
'Twas one bright dream of constant bliss,
For all thy life is love.
Oh ! happier far thy widow'd lot
Than mine, betrayed, forlorn!
Yet in |h'y sorrows mine I trace;
Love-bird, like thee, 1 mourn.
Thou hast not wept for blighted joys,
For hours of transport flown:
Enough for thee, thou can'et not live,
For thou art left alone. ®
E'en while I mark thy drooping wing,
A nd watch thy closing eye,
I feel, I leel—and do not sing—
Love-bird, like thee, I die.
The' Flirtation.
bt i. allegro.
the aforesaid Mayor is §o ready to punish
every little offender against the laws of the
city, and set so fine an example before the
community as building fences in the. cor-
poration on Sundays, and erecting a b'g
mudhole'in two of our streets, for his own
waefit. I suppose his inordinate love for
the swine is the caule of the violation of
the street ordinanoe.
Please inform the subscriber if you pos-
sess the information. Are not officials
liable for-violation of laws as well as gen-
tlemen f BEECHNUT.
Columbus, July 7,1859.
, For the Citizen.
Might I the poet's inepir&tion feel.
Oh, lady! nay theme should ever be
Lovelier and fairer than angels' dreams-
Lovelier and dearer, af least tó me,'
In fancies fairest, far outshine
Ever the jbeanties of thy dazzling mind,
Heaven in the sparkle of that brilliant eye—
Ah ! fne,.had I bnt heavenly inspiration now
Rightly to paint those charms which fain 1 try;
Bnkvain the task my spell-bonnd soul essays;
E'en were such power to mortals given,
Raphael himself 'would fail to paint each graco
Till dip'd hi brush in loveliest hues of heaven.
July!, 1859. tí.
'Tis true that last n%ht I adored thee,
But 'twas moonlight, the song and the wine;
The cool morning air has restored me,
And no longer I deem thee divine ;
I confess thou art pretty and tender.
And when thou canst catch meagain,
As last night, on a desperate " bender,"
Once more I'll submit to thy chain.
The fact is, dear Fanny, I'm human ;
Very weak, I may say, on a spree:
And no matter of what sort the woman,
I'm her slave f she cottons to me.
But this cursed sobriety ever. , s.
Undoes every chaiti of delight.
And my memory, by daylight, bas never
Any sense of what takes place by night,
I'm a man of most regular habit
When daylight comes round, tin my ward;-
And Ihough loving,by night, as a rabbit,
With the sunrise I'm cool as a curd;
I'm quite willing, in moonlight, for capture—
But she's a bright womap whose skill,-
Having spell'd the short hours with rapture,
With the daylight can fetter me still.
—Charleston Mercury.
m
the towBÍ, prepared with al! that wa3 nec-
essary fgft our journey. La Paz, though
situated In a deep valley, is some twelve
thousand feet above the level of the ocean;
and the lake to which vre were wending
our way, is some throe or four thousand
feet aboye La Paz; so that at first it seem-
ed quite curious to me we should travel
upward fpom the city to the lake; but I
soon forgot this in the dangers of our
own journey, which, as we asc^ided nar-
row and precipitous mountain paths,
winding sometimes over jagged peaks,, and
sometimtiyalong the very brink of chasms
that i§ yawu from the bowels of
the earth, requiring my whole attention to
keep myself from rolling down rough in-
clines, or being precipitated into some
opening in the solid rock—down which, if
a stone were hurled, the sound would echo
and re-echo till it finally lost itself in tbe
awful depths below.
"At last we arrived on the shores of the
lake, which presented a wild, picturesque
appearanee—the landscape blending such
a grand, rugged majesty with a sweet,
calm repose, as to produce a harmonious,
yet awe-inspiring effect. Here, as the sun
was fast sinking behind the tops of the
snow-capped peaks on the western side, we
resolved to make our first camp, and re-
sumed our exploration on the morrow.
" Soon at'ier our halt, and while Josef,
our guide, was preparing our frugal repast,
he called our attention to an object which
projected fron^ behind a rugged crag, far
Up on a distant peak. \
M' Señores,' said he, after he was satis-
fied we perceived it, 4 that is the uest of a
condor, which for years has raised her
young in security from tho approach of
the most daring who might attempt to
climb to the spot.'
n went on to relate several ac-
ting mountaineers who had
limb to its nest and had
of one in particular, who
d by the ferocious bird,
ding-himself bravely, had
e ledge and dashed
below.
could kill it ?' said
M He
coun
ende
been-'
Viroikia Election.—-In Í46 counties,
officially reported, the majority for Letcher,
tbe Democratic candidate, is 5,140. The
five counties to be heárd fram are reported
to have given him a majority of 425.
Total majority, 5,565.
The Philadelphians are petitioning the
President to-let them have their post
office moved back again to its old position
Ufihe Pe&nsylvania Bank building.
There will be a National Spiritualists'
Convention at Plymouth, Mass., on the
fifth, sixth, and seventh days of August
next. Dr. H. P! Gardner, of Boston, will
presraé.
The work on the Washington Monu
meut, at Washington, is to be resumed at
an early day.
The President has appointed Lafayette
M. Stiff, of Alabama, receiver of the land
office at Cenfe, Alabama.
Some of the citizens of Cincinnati are
about to present a $400 gold watch ehain
to Smith O'Brien.
The subscription at Cardenas, Cube, for
the -monument to Columbus, already
amounts to $7,123, and tbe money has
been deposited in the Spanish Bank, at
Havana.
-*• - > „•
¡¿illS
The worst of men is a wise man
does not put his wisdom in practice.
who
A Fight with a Condor.
bt emerson benket.
An old friend, having just returned from
a tour through South America, sent me an
invitation to como an inspect some coM*
Qsities which he had brought home with
him. Feeling a great desire to see some-
thing from a country which I had never
visited, I accepted the invitation ; and one
day, having plenty of leisure, I called
upon him.
On entering his cabinet, the first object
which struck my attention was an immense
bird, some sixteen feet across the wings,
which was suspended from the ceiling in a
flying attitude. I expressed my wonder
al its 8isíeand build and my friend replied,
with a smile:
M Yes, sir, that is a wonderful bird, and
cost me more anxiety and peril than ail
the rest put together."
"Ah 1 iudeed ?"
* YeB, it was a thrilling adventure," he
pursued, "and when you have finished
your inspection, I will give you the details
over a bottle of generous wine."
After'spending some two hours in the
cabinet, we retired into the librarv, where,
after drinking éaoh other's health, uy
friend commenced his tale as follows:
" While I was staying in Chuiusaca,
the capitol of Bolivia, I met two gentlemen
who were brothers, belonging to a distin-
guished old Spanish family. We soon
became intimate friends ¡ and learning,
during oar new conversations, that they
shortly intended to visit La Paz, one of
the most flourishing cities of South Ameri-
ca, situated on the Andes, in the western
part of Bolivia, I informed them that, if
not intruding, it would afford me great
pleasure to accompany them; to which a
most cordial assent was given*
"Accordingly, iu a few days we were en
route to ^a Pax, anticipating great pleas-
ure from our trip. We arrived there with-
out any accident, and after spending ten
days veiy pleasantly in the city, one of my
friends proposed that we should find enough
to employ us for weeks in exploring the
rugged and almost inaccessible cliffs and
craggs of its rocky shores. *
" It was immediately decided that we
should go; and the second day after, led
by an experienced guide, we sallied out of
ing in the wall of the precipice, of about
the size of a small room, round whose
sides grew a runuing vine, which had
taken root in some mold in the crevice of
the ledge. Passing on I came to the nest
itself, which I found to contain two birds,
and to be lined with something exceeding
t! Producing a small cord, I sow hflr-
-riedly ancí anxiously proceeded to bind the
nestlings, each of which was. about the
size of a large goose ^ but while thus en-
gaged, I felt something like a pull upon a
rope which was around my body; and
imagine my feelings when, on looking
around, I perceived that, from some cause,
it had been completely severed above me,
and that now some fifty feet of it hung
over the precipice.
" Instantly dropping the bird, I drew
my knife, divided the line, and was in the
act of drawing it in when a wild cry ar-
rested my attention. Looking up in alarm,
to my horror I perceived afar over the lake
a monstrouns bird cleaving the air in the.
exact direction of the spot where Í stood 1
" Merciful God 1 shall I ever forget that
agonizing moment, as the whole peril of
my situation rose at once to my yiéwl
Alone upon that rooky point, cut off from
my friends, with the monster bird, like á
thing of evil, swooping onward to my
destruction! . *
crag
the nesl
might
rible'bird
"Accor
off oh oui
in a decided
it has its young
defend most sav-
guide dwelt upon
an endeavor to take
ur desire increased to
an exploit in which ail
d ; and after some further
e subject, we resolved to
following day to a gloomy
¡verbung the ledge on which
built, where it is supposed we
at least a glimpse of the ter-'
" With trembling eagerness I struck a
light, kindled some light dead leaves, and
crawling to the nest, placed them agáinstit.
For a moment they seemed to die out, and
then sprung into a light blaze—thé dried
' . -
6 vigs soon Caught in a bright flame.
" Oh ! how painfully I watched it, listen-
ing for the responsive signal. Joy ! joy 1
m'
>mw
M i •
it camel The report of a gun ecchoed upp
from, below—another an<J another ! Half
madly seizing a large portion of the burn-
ing nest, I hurled it with all my strength
far out into the gloom, and as it descended,
like a meteor, two more reports came roll-
ing up on the still air. God be praised f
my friends were below, and I should yet
be saved I
"I need not prolong my story with an
attempt to describe my feelings during that
long, eventful night, nor the almost mad*
dening anxieties of the"slow moving hours
of suspense that followed the dawn. Suf-
fice it to say, that a little before noon my
friends were standing upon the rock above
me, prepared to restore me to the world
of life.
"Pushing the condor over fedge, I
crawled to the spot where I had been low-
ered the day before, and %hile adjusting
the rope securely around my body, I beheld
with surprise the dead bird circling, like a
living thing, gradually down toward the
lake; bee stiffened wiá^s
jiOvv. y -tV.
■ St.i-
' ;*fr-
WWWMWWMWpppBWppWMMII ,. .t,.., expanded '
"But though terrified toa degree which M a manner to effect a slow an# gtaceful
r* descentfrom the ibcky height,', f
" But even While she tfas slowly faUiig*
I was even more slowly ascending, and M
last, with a cry of joy, I stood once ihore
upon the beetling rock aboVe* to be received
by my friends as one raised from the dead.
They gave me refreshments, dressed my
wounds, and an hour before sunset, We were
all once more safely down on the lata
shore, where I found the prize which Í had
won at So much péril, and Which it is roy
design ever to preserve as a curious me*
mentor of what Lauffered fn its-capture.
. " Such, sir," concluded my friend, as he
filled our glasses, " is the history of "the
terrible bird which now hangt s& harm-
lessly in a>y cabinet."
jly, the next morning, we set
venture in high spirits—our
guide af intervals during our diffcult and
perilous;fl&ent, warning us against the
dangers to wbich we were rashly exposing
ourselves; .
'^t length after a tedious and exhaust-
less journey, ve landed on the top of the
crag referred to, wheie, before proceeding
to any examination, we partook of soma
refresnments. After finishing our repast
we Clambered up various projecting-points
along the edge of the rocks, to catch a
glimpse, if possible, of tbe nest; but being
unable todo so, I proposed to descend at a
point farther down, and creep along the
ledge till 1 could see whether or no the
mother was there. Our guide still warmly
protested against my rashness; but my
curiosity being excited to the utmost by
what I had heard of the bird, I was re-
solved to satisfy it at all hasaids.
"After some further discussion upon the
matter, it Vras finally settled that my friends
should lower jae to the ledge, and if, on
obtaining a sight of the nest, I should
discover file mother to be absent, I should
capture one or more of tho young ones,
and return to the point of the ledge where
I had first landed, and should then be
drawn up.
" Lookiág at the condition of my re
volvers, and loosing my dirk in its sheath,
I prepared for the perilous enterprise, by
divesting myself of all superfluous cloth-
ing, fastening the end of the ropo securely
round my body, and running it over a
small block of wood, to be placed along
the sharp edge of the rock.
"Thus prepared, I cautiously lowered
myself over, till I was hanging by the
arms ; wheu, looking a moment to see that
all was right, I gave the signal and was
lowered gradually down till my feet
touched the ledge I sought; then oreeping
carefully and cautiously along I came at
last within sfght of the nest, which was
constructed of brauches, and appeared
from the distance at which I stood to be
some three or feet in diameter.
" Happily the mother was away; and
with a heart boating joyfully at my good
fortune, I adva eed towards the spot which
the condor iaa-' elected as a safe place in
which to retí h r young. A few yards on
1 this side of there was a cave-like open.
I may not express, I was not one to give
up without a struggle, and hastening back
to the cave-like covering, I drew my xe--
volver and awaited the coming onset.
"I had not long to wait! With an
awful shriek, which echoed from crag to
crag, the enraged condor made a fierce
dash at me; and as she came swooping
down, I leveled my pistol with as deliber-
ate an aim as my excited nerves would
permit, and three times poured its leaden
coutents into her breast, ere, with her
claws deeply fixed in my quivering flesh,
she struck at me with her beak. f
" With the energy of suffering despair
I now drew my keen dirk with one hand
and with the other «-grasped the running
vine to prevent ray antagonist from pulling
me over the ledge, and again and again,
did 1 bury the pointed blade in her body,
peennngly without.«ffect>«d "%hile ftlsfc
ublv so wheu, still Appeared to figbt as "fiercely atrd ac-
tively as at first, I found- myselt fast grow-
ing weaker and more incapable of defense.
My strokes now began to be made with
less force, and my hold on the vine seemed
loosening; my knees, too, began to trem-
ble, and I felt my strength going from me.
"' God have mercy on my soul!' prayed
I. At length, as with a last, desperate
thrust, I buried my knife to the hilt in the
throat of my feathered%oe.
" With tbe blow I fell; and it appeared
to me at the time as if I was falling down
the dark abyss, while the winged monster
was tearing my throat, and down, down
we went, till I struck the bottom of a ter*
rible chasm, and all grew dark around me.
" When I awoke to consciousness, I was
lying on the floor of tbe cave, and the
condor, stiff in death, lay beside me. The
last blow I had sliuck at the bird bad
driven the blade of the dirk in betwen two
of the cervical vertebra, thus severing the
spinal column and causing instant death.
14 But what were my feelings on looking
around me! The sun was setting more
gloriously than I had ever seen it before,
but not a single sound broke tbe gloomy
ánd awful silence which reigned solem\y
over the scene. Wounded, faint, bleeding
and despairing, I sat and watched the dis-
tant peaks becoming more and more indis*
tinct, till at lást all surrounding Objects
were hidden in a dense black gloom; and
as star after star gleamed brightly in the
blue vault above, and my mind recurred
to my awful doom, cut untimely from the
world below, my very reason seemed to
totter on its throne! Yes, what hope had
I now ? My friends, believing me dead,
had gone hence to return no more—the
guide would add my rash adventure to his
wonderops tale — and my bones would
bleach uncoffined upon the rock of my
foljy I 3
" With a deep groan I dropped my head
upon my breast; but as I did so, my eye
caught the glimmer of a small fire far
down in the darkness. Eagerly Í strained
my feverish eyes towards iV hoping to
calch the shadowy form of a human being
near it, for I knew some one must be there.
"A faint hope sprung up in my breast.
Might it not be my companions, who,
giving me up for lost, had returned to the
spot from which our guide had pointed but
to us the nestf Hope grew with the thought,
and drawing my remaining pistol, I fired
each chamber in succession, but, alas! no
sound came back save the echo of the
mooking peaks.
^ " Great God! was I to perish within
sight of human beings without one endeavor
being made to rescue me ? The very
thought was maddening, and it swept like
fire through my aching brain. It suddenly
occurred to me, with a feeling of relief
that no language can express, that perhaps
I might fire the nest, and thus let .those
below kuow that there was a human being
perishing for want of aid.
Last evening, says a
e
in ber
A Predicament,
late Northerq,ex<
ing woman w«
street with a little basket of*«_
hand, rfttd when a few* yards-from
Mcnomenee barn was knocked donfn on
sidewalk. Her crtee brought a
widower to the
horror, a billy gc
* horn too m' "
end to the poor w
widower tried to
he wouldn't be scared.
the lady up, when 6'utt '<
the goat against bin '*
gether came, for tbe _
and down Jie came crosswise, the
the serious damage of a dozen "
" Help 1" cried tbe map. ,
, "Get off of me, vfflini* «aid tbe
jured female.
"Bui my good woman"—and butt went
the rough horn of tli* *"
eight dollar pair of
' " He!pi my eggs'!"
" Oh! my pants 1" cried the man.
" But never mind tbe pants—get up!
beseeched tbe Jady; and. just as be was
getting up, butt came the goat, and down
came the man again.
The cries of the two vi.
quite a crowd to the spot wh
u twin miseries pregnant with
and there advancing and retreating,'b&tting
first one and then the other, oscillated tha
confounded goat. The last butt
one of his horns oaught in the basket,
be left theactae of acVtt
hanging over one eye,
three or four eggs drizzh'n
nificent beard. The man
beyond the reach rf the la<
he turned and ran like a
swearing at all goata in
one in particular, while the lady
and with a piece of shingleand i
cleaned and ? repaired tbe
dress,
A telegraphic line has been
from the town of Chatanooga, *
to tbe top of Lookout Mountain, for
accommodation of visitors.
4S
wm
mmm
■WS> v .
Gen. McDowel, of Missouri, who waa
recently appointed Consul General at Con-
stantinople, has resigned on account of ¡21
health.
The South Carolina papers record the
death of Gouverneur Morris Thompson,
for thirty years a prominent merchant in
Columbia.
Prof. Longfellow, of Harvard Uniresity,
bo poet,) has presented to the Natural
history Society, of Portland, Maine,
which city he is a native, a fine
painting of Humboldt. ; 1 „
The National Dress Reform Association
convened at Auburn, New York,' on the
22d inst., and was still in session at lasi
dates.
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J.D. Baker & Bros. The Colorado Citizen (Columbus, Tex.), Vol. 2, No. 45, Ed. 1 Saturday, July 9, 1859, newspaper, July 9, 1859; Columbus, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth177574/m1/1/: accessed April 24, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History.