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1910-1919
Collection:
The Mexican Revolution on the Border: Primary Sources from El Paso
- [4.7 Inch Gun M1906]
- The postcard captions reads: Firing 4.7” Gun. The 4.7 inch Field Gun M1906 was designed and issued by the US Army Ordnance Department in 1906. There is no accompanying information to positively identify the troops in the postcard or the exact location of this event. This postcard is addressed to J.R. Teague, Framingham Massachusetts, 114 Hollis Av. The postcard is postmarked: El Paso, Texas, February 13, 1918, 2 PM. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187724/
- [5th Cavalry M Company]
- The postcard caption reads: Fancy Riding by U.S. Cavalry. One of the men who just completed the jump on this obstacle course is carrying the banner which is designated 5th Cavalry M Company. In the distant background are the Franklin Mountains. Left of center is Sugarloaf Peak. This Cavalry competition is being held in front of the officer’s quarters in the new Fort Bliss on Lanoria Mesa. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187729/
- [8th Cavalry]
- Post card caption reads: Mounted Tug-of-War, 8th Cavalry. Two teams comprised of men and horses have been formed and are set to battle each other in a tug-of-war competition. This Cavalry Unit appears to be the same Cavalry Unit as seen in post card WH PC 180-008 titled, “U.S. Cavalry”. This Horne post card was not mailed and has no post mark stamp. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187706/
- [Ambulance Corps]
- The postcard caption reads: Ambulance Corps # 2 and Field Hospital Corps # 2, Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania National Guard troops are documented as being in El Paso, Texas in 1917 (Metz, Leon Fort Bliss 1981). These men were most likely out of the 6th Infantry Regiment. Metz writes that the Pennsylvania Guard troop took up 30 railroad cars upon their departure from El Paso (Metz, Leon Fort Bliss 1981 pg. 84). At the time Fort Bliss, Texas was made up of many camps however this camp was not identified. This postcard is addressed to Miss India McKenzie, 5922 – 457h Avenue SE, (unknown) City. The postcard is post marked out of Portland, Oregon, 12 July 1917. Historically, July 12, 1917 was on a Friday and the postcard begins “Thursday 8 am Dear Friend…..” texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187732/
- Apuntes sobre el petroleo mexicano
- This work, presented to the 26th Mexican Federal Congress, focuses on the Mexican oil industry. It details its origins, development, and capital investments. It also notes its production and profitability to the nation. It calls for legislation and nationalization. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth149936/
- [Army Aero plane]
- Postcard reads: Army Aero plane. This U.S. Army airplane has the markings 48 written across its fuselage. The airplane is a Spad styled two-seater model type biplane. There is no accompanying information written about this particular aircraft or of this event. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187728/
- [Army Ambulances]
- The postcard caption reads: U.S. Army Ambulance in Mexico. The driver of the first ambulance is looking directly at the photographer while the driver of the second ambulance appears to be taking a ‘siesta’ – a nap. The author of the postcard caption provides no additional information for the exact location of this event. Two of the verified medical units that were in El Paso, Texas during this time period of the Mexican Revolution included Ambulance Company No. 43 and the 1st Medical Squadron. Both units were serving with the 1st Cavalry Division. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187739/
- [Army Caterpillar Tractor]
- The postcard caption reads: Army caterpillar tractor pulling heavy artillery through mud. This flatbed wagon has become stuck in the mud and these Marines are attempting to get the wagon out of the mud with the assistance of the Caterpillar tractor. This image was taken during the same time as WH PC 180-020 titled, [Siege Artillery on the Mexican Border], which is also part of this collection. Some of the Marines appear in both images. The cargo on the wagon is not known. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187722/
- [Army Field Ambulance]
- The postcard caption reads: Ambulance Bringing Wounded Soldiers from a Mexican Battlefield. There is no additional accompanying information about where this event was captured or what unit the men are part of. The field ambulance in this postcard is carrying four men. Two of the soldiers are clearly visible and are laying down on gurneys. The two other soldiers are sitting inside the filed ambulance and one of the soldiers is wearing an arm sling. Written on the side of the ambulance are the following words: Maximum 8 Patients. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187743/
- [Army Field Communications Equipment]
- The postcard captions reads: Field wireless used by U.S. Troops. The two soldiers in this photograph are turning a portable hand cranked power generator. As the postcard mentions, this portable generator was probably being used at the time of this event to create electricity to power some kind of a communications device here at this camp. A wire goes from the generator to a device located on the ground – most likely some kind of power converter. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187721/
- [Army Truck Train Transporting Troops]
- Postcard captions reads: Army Truck Train Transporting Troops. These Army trucks are transporting this Army Unit to an unidentified location. This caravan is traveling through one of the city neighborhoods. Army mule supply wagons can also be seen traveling along the same neighborhood street. And although this (Army) Units Flag is clearly visible in the first truck, the Unit insignia is not legible enough to read. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187712/
- [Army Wagon Train]
- The post card caption reads: Army Wagon Train Crossing the Mexican Desert. There are three United States Army supply wagons visible in this post card. The supply wagons are being pulled by teams of mules and are being guarded by U.S. Soldiers. The mule was the preferred pack animal for the Army because of its ability to endure the harsh desert conditions. Because this post card was never mailed, there is no post mark stamp on the back side of this post card. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187701/
- [Artillery on the March]
- Postcard of U.S. Army Troops. At first glance these troops appear to be riding along a dusty road however upon closer inspection the men are actually riding through a very shallow river. So what appears to be clouds of dusts coming from beneath the feet of the horses is actually the splashing of the water. The Army Unit and location are unknown. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187710/
- [Artillery Unit Crossing a River]
- Postcard of an unknown Army Artillery Unit crossing an unidentified river. Although there is a written message on the back of this postcard the absence of a post mark stamp indicates that this postcard was never mailed. And although this is a W. Horne postcard it is not clear if these troops are American or Mexican Federal troops. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187709/
- El ataque a Ciudad Juarez y los acontecimientos del 14 al 18 de Junio
- This piece provides a firsthand account of the attack on Ciudad Juarez by Villistas and related events, including the American incursion. It also provides information regarding the effects of the battle on El Paso, Texas and includes named civilian casualties. The official American response is also noted. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth149938/
- El ataque a Ciudad Juárez y los acontecimientos del 14 al 18 de junio. English.
- This piece was written to provide a firsthand account regarding the attack on Ciudad Juárez by Villistas and related events. It also provides information regarding the effects of the battle on El Paso, Texas and includes named civilian casualties. The official American response is also noted. The translation was probably done in the 1970s. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth149950/
- El Atila del sur
- Novel with illustrations consisting of line drawings, photographic reproductions, and cartoons. It provides anecdotal information and interviews as well as a fictionalized account of his life. The work focuses not only on Zapata’s military achievements, but also personal information. Includes text of El Plan de Ayala, Zapata's manifesto on land reform. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth149937/
- Battery A on the Mexican Border
- This book is an account of Battery A of the Rhode Island National Guard and its activation on June 24, 1916, its travel to the U.S.-Mexico border, its activities until it was mustered out on November 2, 1916. They were stationed at Fort Bliss in El Paso, Texas, and also referred to their site as Camp Pershing. Includes a narrative description of their trip by train, their camp and training activities on the border. Also includes many reproductions of photographs of the troops and sites, cartoons, and a list of personnel. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth188054/
- [Bayonet Drill]
- The postcard captions reads: Bayonet Drill. U.S. Army. The Army soldiers seen in this postcard image are practicing close quarters combat or hand to hand combat in preparation for their bayonet drilling exercises. Although their rifles are not equipped with actual bayonets, the men are practicing as if real bayonets were attached to the end of their weapons. To the left, bayonet practice dummies wait to test the soldier’s marksmanship. The rifles in this image are M1903 Springfield rifles. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187737/
- [Breaking Outlaws on the Border]
- The postcard caption reads: Breaking Outlaws on the Border. The soldiers in this postcard image are “breaking-in” or taming the “outlaw”. The outlaw in this scenario is the wild horse. There is no accompanying information to identify the name of this Army Unit or the name of this base camp. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187716/
- [Breaking Outlaws on the Border – Duplicate Postcard]
- The postcard caption reads: Breaking Outlaws on the Border. The soldiers in this postcard image are “breaking-in” or taming the “outlaw”. The outlaw in this scenario is the wild horse. There is no accompanying information to identify the name of this Army Unit or the name of this base camp. This postcard is an exact duplicate of WH PC 180-018 titled, “Breaking Outlaws on the Border”. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187745/
- [Camp Cotton]
- The postcard caption reads: Bird’s eye view of Camp Cotton, El Paso, Texas. Camp Cotton was located in one of the most eastern parts of El Paso, Texas, circa 1910 – 1920. The boundaries for Camp Cotton were the following: The western boundary was Cotton Avenue; Present day Paisano Drive was Camp Cotton’s northern boundary; Cordova Island served at the eastern boundary; and the Rio Grande River was the natural boundary to the south. The view of this photograph is south to north with the Franklin Mountains in the background. There is plenty of activity in this image including a soldier riding an Indian Motorcycle, lower center. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187733/
- [Camp Cotton, El Paso, Texas]
- The postcard caption reads: Bird’s eye view of Camp Cotton, El Paso, Texas. Camp Cotton was located in one of the most eastern parts of El Paso, Texas, circa 1910 – 1920. The boundaries for Camp Cotton were the following: The western boundary was Cotton Avenue; Present day Paisano Drive was Camp Cotton’s northern boundary; Cordova Island served at the eastern boundary; and the Rio Grande River was the natural boundary to the south. The view of this photograph is south to north with the Franklin Mountains in the background. There is plenty of activity in this image including a soldier riding an Indian Motorcycle, lower center. This postcard is a near duplicate to the postcard titled: [Camp Cotton] – WH PC 180-034, except that the photographer has captured the image of Chicago Northwestern railroad boxcar when he captured this image. The boxcar is visible on the lower right hand corner of this postcard. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187747/
- [Camp Scene during a Desert Wind and Sand Storm]
- The caption on the postcard reads: Camp Scene during a Desert Wind and Sand Storm. There is no accompanying information to verify the exact location of this Army camp. Now with regards to the dark smudges on the postcard; there is no conclusive evidence to suggest that the smudges are in fact clouds of blowing dust. The dark smudges may have occurred during the development of the postcard image. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187749/
- Camp Scene on the Mexican Border
- Postcard of a U. S. military camp on the U.S. - Mexican border. Two rows of tents are in the forefront; a row of cabins is seen to the right. A variety of miscellaneous items such as, wooden boards, fire wood, buckets, barrels and trash cans, are strewn on the ground in between the rows of tents. Soldiers are within the open-sided tents completing chores. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth149835/
- [Camp Stewart]
- The postcard caption reads: Camp Stewart on the Mexican Border. According to archival records researched at the El Paso Public Library, Camp Stewart was once located at the southern geographic point of what is now present day northeast El Paso, Texas. Camp Stewart was located west of present day Dyer Street and north of Fred Wilson Road. No historic information was located on who the camp was named after. In 1916 a newly built Y.M.C.A – Young Men’s Christian Association – was built at Camp Stewart to alleviate some of the boredom felt by troops at the camp. In the background are the eastern slopes of the Franklin Mountains. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187738/
- Causas de la revolución en México : y como efectuar la paz
- This short treatise, written in Havana in 1913, espouses the land reform goals and ideals of Emiliano Zapata and the Zapatistas while condemning the regimes of Carranza and Huerta,. It proposes an idealized agrarian society with land held in common and a system of "Escuelas Granjas" or rural schools. He deplores the evils of clericalism, plutocracy, and militarism. The three headings in the document are "Manifiesto al Pueblo Mexicano," "Bases Generales," and "Pensamiento de la Revolución: Como educar al Pueblo para la Nueva Reforma." texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth188055/
- [Cavalry Drilling Exercise]
- The postcard caption reads: Drilling Cavalry on the Mexican Border. There is no accompanying information on the true location of where this event was captured. However, because of the large mature trees in the background, this location was most likely in the area of Camp Stewart near Cordova Island. Fort Bliss on Lanoria Mesa did not have very many mature trees in clusters such as the trees seen in this postcard. The second cavalryman from the right has his service revolver pointed in the air. Please also see WH PC 180-027a and WH PC 180-027b. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187744/
- China Town, Colonia Dublan, Mexico
- Postcard of U.S. soldiers from the Punitive Expedition exploring China Town in Colonia Dublan, a Mormon colony in Mexico. General John J. Pershing established his headquarters at Colinia Dublan for the duration of the expedition. Groups of soldiers converse with one another as they stop at individual tents and huts. In the far distance, a wagon is traveling away from the town. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth149842/
- El conflicto personal de la revolución mexicana
- Provides an account of the personal conflict felt by the author regarding the Mexican Revolution and the ensuing reign of Venustiano Carranza. The pamphlet calls for an end to caudillos; however, it is sympathetic to Villa. Although written during Chocano’s travels to New Orleans, it was published in El Paso, Texas. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth149939/
- Los de Abajo: Novela (cuadros y escenas de la revolución mexicana)
- First book edition of the most famous novel of the Mexican Revolution. It appeared first a serial within a local newspaper, El Paso del Norte, but later was issued as a single work. It was published in El Paso where the author resided in exile. Subsequent editions are quite different from this first version. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth149945/
- [Entrenching on the Mexican Border]
- The postcard caption reads: Entrenching on the Mexican Border. These infantry soldiers are digging a trench line. The exact location of this event is not known nor is the name of this unit. The soldiers are taking their turns digging out this trench. When one of the soldiers tires himself out he is replaced with one of the soldiers that are standing along the trench line. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187714/
- Estudio sobre la cuestión agraria : proyecto de ley
- This government-produced work discusses land reform and tenure in Mexico. Completed on December 15th, 1914, the second part of this pamphlet outlines Rouaix and Novelo’s agrarian recommendations to the “First chief of the Constitutional Army, Charged with the Executive of the Nation,” Venustiano Carranza. Most significant is the call for a return to the ejido system for communal use of lands by villages in an effort to raise national productivity through effective land usage. Includes: Prontuario de las materias que comprende el proyecto de la nueva ley agraria (p. [25]-39). texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth149942/
- Executed
- Postcard of a deceased unidentified man. The caption on the postcard indicates that the individual was executed. He appears to have been shot, a pool of blood runs down the sidewalk. Papers are strewn about the body. The feet of onlookers are seen on a doorstep at the top of the postcard. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth149838/
- [Field Ambulance]
- The postcard caption reads: U.S. Ambulance picking up Wounded Soldiers on the Battlefield. The aforementioned battlefield was not identified by the author of the postcard caption. Three unidentified soldiers are placing a wounded soldier onto the field gurney also known as a stretcher or litter. The gurney would then be placed onto the waiting ambulance. This particular field ambulance was specially modified with supporting hooks so that it could transport up to four loaded field gurneys. The unidentified man in the dark suit and wearing the derby hat is most likely a newsman. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187735/
- First Aereo Squadron, Signal Corps, war diary : period from March 12 to April 23, 1916.
- Photocopy of typescript describing activities and participants in the 1st Aereo Squadron of the Signal Corps during the Punitive Expedition against Pancho Villa from March 12 to April 23, 1916. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth188057/
- [First Cavalry Drilling]
- The postcard caption reads: U.S. Cavalry Drilling. This group of soldiers is part of the United States First Cavalry Army Division. The 8th man in the formation is holding the Unit’s flag. The flag in this image contains the number 1 on the top part of the flag and the letter E on the lower part of the flag which would make this group of men part of Company E. This postcard is post marked September 11, 1918, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas and was mailed to J.R. Teague, Framingham, Massachusetts, 114 Hollis Avenue. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187720/
- [First Regiment of Artillery, Company E]
- The postcard caption reads: Bird’s Eye View of an Artillery Camp. No additional information was provided by the postcard caption author. However the two flags have been identified (DG – EPPL). Both flags have the number 1, two crossed cannons and the letter E printed on them. The 1 identifies the unit as 1st Regiment. The two crossed cannons signify that the flags belong to an artillery unit. And, the letter E identifies the company within the artillery regiment. The exact location of this event could not be identified. There is a river in the background with a few people gathered at the river’s edge. There is also an unidentified camp or settlement on the other side of this river. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187748/
- Guarding the Bodies of U.S. Soldiers killed at Columbus, New Mexico
- Postcard of a U.S. soldier guarding the tent where the caskets of fallen soldiers are held in Columbus, New Mexico. Although not identified as such, these soldiers were more than likely lost during Francisco "Pancho" Villa's raid on Columbus on March 9, 1916. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth149837/
- Guarding the Customs House, El Paso, Texas
- Postcard of a group of soldiers keeping watch at the customs house in El Paso, Texas. The customs house was located on the U.S. side of the International Bridge, the gateway to and from Mexico. The majority of the soldiers are sitting down with only a few standing. Two soldiers have their rifles slung over their shoulders. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth149836/
- Heroica defensa de Ciudad Juárez : la verdad de los hechos, caracter y valor del soldado mexicano; invasión de tropas americanas y su pronta evacuación
- This work provides an account of what the author terms the “heroic defense” of Ciudad Juarez against Pancho Villa’s forces. It also includes correspondence by Villa to the military garrison urging their surrender. Notably, it describes American involvement (and brief incursion into Mexico) and the Mexican embassy’s response to it in El Paso, where the work was published. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth149833/
- [In the Trenches]
- The postcard caption reads: In the Trenches. The soldiers are actually polishing up their marksmanship skills at this unidentified firing range. The exact location of this event is not known nor is the name of this Army unit. And although it appears to be a sunny day there is a definite chill in the air. The soldiers are wearing gloves and the lone standing soldier, with the clipboard, is wearing an Army issued trench coat. A solider with binoculars is judging the accuracy of the group’s aim – he is lying down next to the standing man. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187719/
- [Infantry in Action]
- The postcard caption reads: Infantry in Action. The infantry soldiers in this image are firing upon an unseen and unknown target. The postcard author does not specify who the soldiers are firing at. Since the men do not appear to be at a target range, it is logical to presume that these soldiers are firing at live targets – most likely Mexican Insurrectos. The soldiers are firing M1903s. The M1903 rifle was a bolt-action service rifle which normally used a 5 shot bullet clip. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187740/
- [Infantry in Action – Duplicate Postcard]
- The caption on the postcard reads: U.S. Troops on the Mexican Border. No additional information is provided by the author of the caption. The soldiers are firing M1903s. The M1903 rifle was a bolt-action service rifle which normally used a 5 shot bullet clip. This postcard is an exact duplicate of the postcards titled: [Infantry in Action] – WH PC 180-041 and [Infantry on the Mexican Border] – WH PC 180-042. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187746/
- [Infantry on the Mexican Border]
- The caption on the postcard reads: U.S. Troops on the Mexican Border. This postcard is identical to the postcard titled: [Infantry in Action] – WH PC 180-041. The soldiers are firing M1903s. The M1903 rifle was a bolt-action service rifle which normally used a 5 shot bullet clip. There are only two differences between the two postcards. The clarity of this postcard is better and this postcard has a message on the back of it. Unfortunately because there is no postmark, the postcard probably never reached its destination. The message reads: “I have been doing this kind of drill ever since I joined the army & its no cinch out here I lay down on a cactus the other day you cant to have seen me. Jimmy J.” texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187741/
- [Infantry Troops]
- The postcard caption reads: Marching through Sand. Although this event was capture in El Paso, Texas there is no accompanying information describing the exaction location of this event or which Army unit this is. Two dogs, in flanking positions, are following the troops. Judging by the angle of the soldier’s rifles, it would appear that these soldiers have been marching for a while. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187731/
- Informe
- This governmental report details the state of the union address by Chihuahuan State Governer Abraham González, who held power from 1910-1913. It enumerates the use of taxes, specifically their use in funding schools and telegraph and telephone lines. It also contains a response by the leader of the state legislature. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth149944/
- [Jumping Contest]
- The caption on this postcard reads: Jumping Contest. This postcard is very similar to the postcard titled “U.S. Cavalry Drill”; accession number WH-PC-180-004. Both postcard images were most likely created on the same day. The horsemanship contests not only served to stimulate good will competitiveness among the different military units but the contests also prepared the men and animals to be “field ready”. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth187715/
- Madero y sus detractores, por varios maderistas.
- Book containing short essays (sometimes anonymous) on the theme of revolutionary politics, many works relating to Francisco Madero, the Mexican president who was assassinated in 1913. Notably, it was published in El Paso, Texas by supporters in exile. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth149946/
- Manifiesto del C. Gral Francisco Villa a la nación y documentos que justifican el desconocimiento del C. Venustiano Carranza como primer jefe de la revolución.
- Book with copies of communications between generals in the north of Mexico and the Carranza government. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth149947/