Texas Almanac, 1947-1948 Page: 109
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HISTORY OF TEXAS.
denced in the passing of Texas' first anti- against tt
trust and antimonopoly laws during the ad- brought
ministration of Gov. L. S. Ross (Jan S18, The suit
1887, to Jan 20, 1891), who succeeded Gok the Wate
ernor Ireland The legislation was the culmi- piacticalll
nation of a waxe of igitation that had its Texas Th
beginning before the Cixll ar and had been pany fro
fostered especially by the rise of the People's case was
(Populist) party, xhich was a factor in Texas United St
elections from 1878 until the end of the cen- A suit
tury. Although the Populist party nexer Waters-Pl
gained control of the administration of Texas, ham admi
many reforms it agitated were subsequently eial R V
picked up by the Democratic party and put for the s
into effect. $1,623 000.
Governor Ross effected a betterment in XII. BEG
the state eleemosynary institutions and re-
duced taxes, the latter reform being due At the
primarily to receipt from the Federal Gov- tamined a
ernment of $1,000,000 to reimburse the state of 273 per
for its expenditures for border protection. sented an
The administration is also remembered for per squar
the great drouth of 1887, and the dedication of main-1
in May, 1888, of the present Capitol. 711 miles
Hogg Administration. By the
The reform tend evidenced in the admin- least pas
economic
istration of Goxernor Ross continued with the praii
increased force during the administration of for their
James Stephen Hogg (Jan 20, 1891, to Jan of cattle
15, 1895). Hogg had been elected on a plat- markets c
form demanding regulation of railroads, Texas at
which had become a public issue, and curb- sorb into
mg of monopolies. Hogg was the first native marginal
Texan elected Governor. the end c
Railroad Commission Established. conquered
The present Railroad Commission of Texas humanity
was established in 1891. Other legislation expanse o
included that providing for "Jim Crow" beginning
coaches on railroads, reduction of legal maxi- opment as
mum rate of interest, the alien land law for- of natural
bidding ownership of land by aliens with It was
certain exceptions, a law regulating the issu- across of
ance of stocks and bonds and protecting in- century b
vestors, and an act establishing the Board of into a ne
Pardon Ad isers. Hogg's vigorous policies There 1
aroused stiff opposition, and the Hogg-Clark that the
Campaign of 1892 involving a split in the Manufactu
ranks of the Democratic party was one of first whit
the bitterest in the history of the state Hogg grinding
was re-elected over George W. Clark by a ture of lu
rote of 190.846 to 133,395. building o
beginning
Culberson Administration. beginning
In the elections of 1894 Charles A. Culber- otrl the pr
son (Dem ) defeated T. . Nugent (People' s fact uring
party) after a stirring campaign by a vote of part of Ting
207,167 to 152,731. Although the People's
party had polled a sizable vote in 1892, this
was the first year in which there was doubt It was i
of the outcome of the election. Culberson's world wit
administration (Jan 15, 1895. to Jan 17, Texas its
1899) was characterized by strengthening of bringing
the antitrust laws, collection of delinquent of discove
taxes, enactment of law for arbitration of more than
employer-employee disputes and reduction of riedly alo
excessive fees to public officials In 1895. Not only
Culberson called a special session of Legis- material f
lature and there was enacted a law to pre- industries,
ventprize fights, its immediate purpose being turing ind
the prevention of a scheduled bout in Dallas it has co
between James J. Corbett and Robert R. industries
Fitzsimmons. Culberson was re-elected in ucts Furt
1896. winning by a vote of 298.528 to 238 692 more that
over J. C. Kearby of the People's party This capital of
represented the peak of the Populist move- industrial
ment in Texas, although their nominees ap- discovery
peared regularly on the ticket through the lated fro
election of 1904 The last year of the Culber- lieed Te
son admministralloin and the first year of the outside c
following Say cis administration, itnessed ment
the stirring events of the Spanish-American It was
War. Texas sent about 10 000 soldiers to the two large
front. The famous Rough Riders, commanded Fort Wor
by Col. Leonard Wood and Lieut. Col. Theo- small vac
dore Roosevelt, were organized at San An- not until t
tonio that Texas
During the administration of Governor facture of
Culberson the first of the famous ouster suits duced ray109
he Waters-Pierce Oil1 Company was
by Attor ney Gener al I MN Crane
was brought on the grounds that
rs-Pierce Oil Company had obtained
y a monopoly on the oil market in
e state x on the suit to bar the com-
m operation in Texas though the
cartled by the company to the
ates Supreme Court.
was brought against a reorganized
erce Oil Company during the Lan-
nistration in 1906 by Attorney Gen-
David-son ending also in success~
tate and assessment of a fine of
INNINGS OF THE INDUSTRIALI-
ZATION OF TEXAS.
end of the century Texas had at-
population of 3,048,719, an increase
r cent oxer that in 1870 This reple-
incr ease in density fiom 31 to 11 6
e mile In the same period length
ine lailhay track increased from
to 9,867 miles
end of the century, Texas had at
red through those crude stages of
de elopment that at first whitened
es with the bones of animals killed
hides and that later forced millions
on foot oker the long trails to the
if the North There had come into
least sufficient population to ab-
priate ownership all except the
lands of the great free ranges. By
if the century, the k ilderness was
Theie was sufficient substance in
and human activity in the great
f Texas to form the basis for the
of industrial and commercial devel-
well as the continued development
Resources
by coincidence that the stepping
the threshold of a new calendar
y Texas marked also the transition
w economic and social era.
s no date at which it can be said
industrialization of Texas began
ring began with the coming of the
te settlers. Mills were built for
wheat and corn, and the manufac-
mber began at an early date. The
if a connected system of railroads,
in 1872. opened the way for indus-
opment It was about the beginning
sent century however, that manu-
industry became a really prominent
exas economic development.
First Great Oil Field.
n 1901 that Spindletop startled the
h its magnificent gushers, gr ing
first really great oil field The
in of this field and the succession
ries that have followed have done
anything else to send Texas hur-
ng the path of industrialization
has petroleum given Texas the raw
or the greatest of its manufacturing
it has assured to other manufac-
lustries an ample fuel supply, and
ntributed much to the building of
dependent on petroleum bv-prod-
hermore, petroleum has contributed
n any other resource to the liquid
Texas available for investment in
and commercial enterprise The
of oil and the wealth that accumu-
m its production have largely re-
xas of its former dependence on
apltal for new industrial de elop-
also in the year 1901 that the first
meat-packing plants were built at
th There had been a number of
king plants in the state but it was
hese two industries were established
s was fairly launched into the manu-
one of its most abundantly pr o-
v materials The manufacture of
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Texas Almanac, 1947-1948, book, 1947; Dallas, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth117136/m1/111/: accessed March 19, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.