The Colorado Citizen (Columbus, Tex.), Ed. 1 Tuesday, October 22, 1889 Page: 3 of 10
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OOLOEADO OITIZEN-SPEOIAL IE ID I □? I O IsT -
of
'Of «1
e location
was e tal>-
progress, to-
impart
ladylike and
taulely,
of (be
•i trti .B i hat «r,
iuefficicnt, and M
i * 0,1.
the school it has
rop«ta!im<,
a ion, Iberi-
of dollars anno
Hpttet otherwise
in ether towns. ^
a
H. T0WN8END,
senator fob to® eleventh district.
i filled v
of Tena
he filled so <
instruction \
V.:
his
,vd
II
i 1 rofesaor
. rofths
t in his oredecej-
I Jft wnvvv
id t« aeo-
to Hie present
with Professor Jaa, W.
í «W educated al the South,
University, it the
3tad
ell nspael great
her present IbsIUuUob of leara*
Prof, Brown Um held very Important
la Tennessee and in Texas,
wrmer State far his wife's
besoming enelmuteü with the
te of Texas, he resolved to east
towtthtofeeoj*. ^elsiaaa el
mm " aenae,
the old
giulfn «t
tof the ti e ¡ rejeetiag
that have rendered so
i in the educational world,
. Molt ia occupy lag pro imp**
i which Prof. Q k, Moore of
Prof. Moore is kept
)* hut
This
his professional
nobility of soul,
Though Prof.
I carry away
of pupils *nd
truly.
employed in the
at the beginning of
another was found
fell upon Miss
A wise selection
noted for her taste and
aad is thorough-
est methods of training,
of Corpus Christ! has
^ary department. She
i the balance of public
. as the un-
r charges prove,
the little
rapid strides in learning,
; that where confidence is, there
i to obey the behests of its ob-
cbarge of the
Miss Maud McLeary
are both faithful
their profession
studied for years
the country afforded,
upon as authority in her
The present term opened with more than
one hundred pupils and has rapidly in,
creased since that time. It has been esti-
mated that tbe total enrollment during the
year will not be less than two hundred, if
not much greater. It is. a clearly demon-
s'rated fact that a chartered school is a val-
uable adjunct to the town in which it is lo-
©ur motto Is •• make your educa-
i a power and your town will
Institute must be and
none in the state.
Personnel of Ótate Government.]
M. II. XowNasKD. rt presenting the
t district, composed of the counties
•íes, Lavaca, Colorado and Wlinr-
Seoate of the Twenty-first session
¡he Texas Legislature, wns born March
in Colorado county, Texas.
fatherless at nine years of
he determined
and, after availing
the advantages offered by
schools of Colorado counly, he
lectures in the Law Department of
[University, at Independence, Texas,
admitted, to the bar lu isw, and iu
a member of tbe law firm of
at Columbus, where
the practice of bis profes
resides.
represented the county of
Colorado In the House of Representatives
of the Eighteenth Legislature, where he at
once established the reputatiou of a careful
and industrious legislator, being the first
Democrat ever elected over a Republican
nominee to tbe Legislature from the Sixty-
ninth Representative District, composed of
Colorado county alone, He was one §t tbe
Vlce-Presidenta of the State Democratic
convention held in Galveston August, 1886,
which nominated 8, Rom for Governor,
Mr, Town send was elected to the 8enate
la 1888, oyer hit Republican competitor, by
a majority of 4,174 votes, This ia a high
compliment, from the fact that it is more
than double the majority ever received by
any other nomine* of his party from that
Senatorial district, ,
He ia Ohulroan of tho Committee on
Publie Building* and Grounds, and his name
appears first on the list of new Senators on
the Committee on Finanee, which entitles
him to the chairmanship of (hat eommittee
at the next session of the Legislature.
le is also a member of Judiciary Com-
mittees Nos, 1 aed 9, of Roads aad Bridges,
of Penitentiaries, of Claims aad Accounts,
Federal Relations,' Public Debt, Counties
aad County Boundaries, aad of History,
Statlsiies aad Insurance, from which it will
he seen that his life at Austin will he a busy
one. . ^
Senator Townsbkb has introduced eleven
bills at the present session, ten of which
have been reported favorably by the several
eommiuees, one unfavorably, Five have
passed up to date, He introduced three
bills by request. Among other bills, he is
the author of the bill, now pending, to re«
duee the oeeupation tax on the retail sale of
native (Texas) wlnet also a bill to fix the
liability of corporations for injury to em*
pinjes, resulting from the carelessness or
negligence of public servante, fie was tbe
author of tlje measure authorising the pur>
chase of the "Alamo" by the State, and was
CbairUM* of lbs oodnnjttce on lifts part Of'
the House which made such purchase.
Senator Townbesd has a dignified and
unostentatious appearance. He is about
five feet eleven inches tall, well propor-
tioned, a good head aud intelligent face.
He belongs to the Saxon type, and Is enthu-
siastic and earnest in all matters in which
he is Interested. He has fine command of
pure English, and speaks extemporaneously
with easo and clearness. He is a man of
very decided character, with settled high
moral principles. His manners are gentle,
and his social relations ardent and tender.
He is a reliable man in any and all capaci-
ties, and is so trusted by those who know
him, and by his contemporaries in the Sen-
ate.
Senator Townsend was married to Miss
Annie E. Bcbfobd, daughter of the late
F. M. Burford, who was one of the pioneer
settlers of Scuthwest Texas.
Either in the law or the wider field of the
political arena Senator Townsend gives
promise of eminent success.
m
L*.:<
Xraong tbe most flourishing and go ahead
' t little city of Wei-
is Mr. D. F. Wade, druggist. Mr,
still quite a young man,
} several years ago at
but findiog in a short time that
too smail to give him the
> desired, ho closed out his business
and removed to Weimar, where be has since
* successfully conducted a large and
Belieying that the
man should always treat his
the public generally in such
as to win their esteem
Mr. Wade has steadily pur
y, and it has borne good fruit.
Any drag, reliable patent medicine, or, in
fact, anything that can be found in a first-
class drug atore, can be found in bis house.
B<H9ga thoroughly competent druggist him-
self, he employs only skilled assistants,
r ensuring Jo the public perfect safety
nscriptipns compounded at his store
i and Bohemian spoken.
CAPTAIN T. A. HILL,
(anker, of Weimar, has his business card
• column of tbe special. The Cit-
heard anything against the
that be comes under the
an " old reb." which, con
l ha Is a graduate of a military
act of rebellion
st the world
r of bis neighbors and
the same boat,
and he stands
I business man. A
a sac ted with
there are many in
who remember and
tion of Tom Hill.
Cholera and Diar
; ia tbe only remedy that
be depended upon for bowel
29 and 60 cent
bottles for sale by Bcadeker A Use.
mi
5=5
CHARLES RILEY,
county judge of colorado county.
The County Judge of Colorado county,
who has served the people of said county
in the official capacity of Judge for the pe-
riod of eleven (11) years, was born in the
town of Princetown, Caldwell county, State
of Kentucky, on the 14th day of July, 1849.
His father moved from Kentucky to the
State of Tennessee when tbe subject of this
sketch was about three years old, and some
four or five years afterwards again moved,
and this time to tbe State of Texas, about
1856 or 1857, and located iu tbe city of Co-
lumbus, Texas, where he remained perma-
nently and raised bis family, consisting of
six children, threé boys and three girls.
The subject of this history. Charles Riley,
was the oldest child of the family; and re-
ceived only the educational advantages
which the common schools of Colorado
county afforded him. 1 When about fifteen
yean of age he entered a printing office and
worked at this business at different periods
of time&r about five years, and thus gained
some useful knowledge in the newspaper
business. Having by practice learned to
write a plain band, was engaged as a depu
ty in tbe District Clerk's office of Colorado
county. Texas, in tbe spring of 1871, and
remained engaged in this capacity until
February, 1874, when the District Clerk re-
signed his office, and he was appointed by
tbe Judge of tbe District Court as Clerk of
said office for tbe rest of tbe term, and held
the office for over two years. Was elected
Judge of Colorado county in November,
1878, and has been re elected to the same
position every two years since that time-
was elected for one term without opposition.
He studied law during the time he was Dis-
trict Clerk, and was admitted to the bar as
a licensed attorney at law in March, 1888
He is an honest, conscientious officer.
THE WONDERFUL.
EDISON, THE ELECTRICIAN.
He Talla of ¥et If ore Wonderful Ideal
He Hopea to Hake Itealltlea.
[Courier des Etats Unis ]
A Courier des Etats Unis reporter
asked Mr. Edison if it was true that
he had invented a machine by the aid
of which a man in New York uuuM
be able to see everything his wife is
doing in Paris.
" I don't know," baid Mr. Edison,
laughing, " that would be a real ben-
efit to humanity. The women would
certainly protest. But, speaking se-
riously, I am at woik upon an inven-
tion which will allow a man on Wall
street not only to telephone to a friend
in Central Park, but to see that friend
while chatting telephoiiicallv with
liiin. This invention, would be useful
and practical, and I see no reason why
it should not soon become a reality;
and one of tbe first things that I shall
do when I get bajk to America will
be to set up the contrivance between
iny laboratory and my telephone shop.
Furthermore, I have obtaiued satis-
factory results int reproducing images diary business;
at that distance, which is about one
thousand feet. It would be ridicu-
lous to dream of seeing any one be-
tween New York and Paris. The
round iorm of the earth, if there were
no utheTTilflreirity in the way, would
make the thing impossible."
Speaking of the phonograph, the
reporter asked if it had reached its
highest degree of perfection.
"Almost, I thinlt, said Mr. Edison,
"in the last instruments turned oat in
my workshops. You must know that
the ordinary phonograph employed
in eommeroe does not begin to com-
pare with the latest machinery that I
use ia my privato experiments. .With
the latter I can obtain a sound power-
ful enough to reprodnoe phrases of
speech that c*n be heard perfectly by
large audiences. My last aniéliora-
tioni were with the aspirate sounds,
which aro the weakest points of the
graphophone. For «even months I
worked from eighteen to twenty
hour# a day upon tho slugle sound
"speola." I would «ay to the instru-
merit "tpeela," and It would say u pe-
ola" always, and I oould not make it
say anything else, It was enough to
ruake me erasy, Bat I stuck to it
until I succeeded, and now you can
read 1006 words of a newspaper at
the rate of 190 words a minute, and
tbe instrument will repeat them to you
without an ominion. You oan Im-
agine the difficulty of the task that I
aoootopllihed when I tell you that the
impressions made upon the cylinder
are not more than 1,000,000 part of
an Inch in depth, and are completely
Invisible even with the aid of a mi-
orosoope."
Repot ter—And what new discove-
ries will be made In electricity?
Mr. !dtion=0, that would be dtffi>
cultytosay. Wemaysomeday come
upon the great secrets of nature. I
ant always on the lookout for* some*
thing which will help tne to solve the
problem of navigating the air, I have
worked hard upon this subject, but I
am very much discouraged. We may
And something new before that comes;
but that will come.
Mr. Edison further said that the
great development of electricity will
come when we find aVmore economical
method of producing it. During his
trip across the ocean he remained for
hours on the deck looking at the
waves, and he said it made him wild
to see so much force going to waBte.
" But one of these days," be contin-
ued, " we will chain all that—the falls
of Niagara as well as the wind—and
that will be the millennium of elec-
tricity."
SOHB SMALL WONDEÜB.
The human skin is perforated by say
in round numbers, 1,000 holesor pores,
in the space of every square inch. If,
therefore, we estimate the skin surface
of the body of a mid d lest zed man at
16 square feet, that surtace contains
uo fewer than 1,304,000 pores.
Hadrianus Junius writes that he
saw at Mechilin, in Brabant, a cher-
rystone cut into the form of a basket,
in which some mechanic of the minute
had deposited 28 dice, each perfect,
with its spots plainly discernible to
one with a good eye.
Turrianus, of whose skill so maoy
wonderful things are related, is said
to have fashioned iron mills, which
could be wound up like the modern
clock, so minute in size that one could
be entirely hiden in the month of an
ordinary man; yet they were power-
ful enough to grind, in a single day,
grain enough to feed eight men.
A. Mr. Beedle, living at Ottery St.
Mary, Liverpool, England, once exe-
cuted a much more difficult feat in
penmanship than that accredited to
John T. Taylor, of Streater, III, in
" Notes for the Curious," four weeks
ago today. Mr. Taylor wrote 4,100
words on the blank side of a postal
card. These cards are made inches
loug and 3 inches in width. Mr. Beed-
le used a card 3^ by 3¿ inches, which
would be considerable smaller than
the card .used by Mr. Taylor. On this
small piece of cardboard this penman,
wielding a wizard's qnill, wrote tbe
following pieces without the slight-
est abbreviation: Goldsmith's" Trav-
eller," "The Deserted Village,"
" Essay on Education," " Distress of
Disabled Soldier," "The Tale of
Azim" and tbe six essays on "Jus-
tice," "Generosity," " Irresolution of
Youth," " Frailty of Man," " Friend-
ship" and " The Genius of Love." In
the centre of the card there was a per-
fect picture of Ottery Church, all the
shades and lines being formed of parts
of tbe writing. ,.The miraculous pro-
duction was finished with.the national
anthem of " God Save the Queen"
and ethbellished with 72 stars, 51
crescents and 19 criosses. A snake
with his tail in his mouth enclosed
and finished the remarkable work.
TheAshantee cattle of the Cape
Coast, South Africa, are the smallest
of the bovine species. One recently
brought to London, a bull, perfect in
every particular except in size, weighs
but 67 pounds. Seven were shipped
on board the vessel, to be used as
fresh meat during the voyage, the
largest of these weighed when dressed
ready for cooking 43 pounds. The
bull, spared from the general slaught-
er on account of his playfulness, was
allowed to run loose on deck and
be teased during the entire voyage.
The " running oxen" of Ceylon are
also very small, however, their Lilipu-
tian proportions are not to be com pared
with the midget bovus above mention-
ed. These " running oxen" are used
in the mail service and are said to ex-
hibit extraordinary powers of endur-
ance for animals of their size; the
largest of them not exceeding 200
po inds in weight. Two of them with
a cart, a small sack and driver will
make from 80 to 100 miles of a trip
in a day.
I
R
HENRY
COUNTY CI.F.ttK ok
WAGENFUHR, j
coi.ohado county.
Jlcnry U itg i.I\iIn was born Oi tuber 7t}i,
184S, lit n siiuil village called It >hi!cn, Prfs-
sia. and came to Texas with bis parents in
1850, settling at New lirnuufels. Texa*.
resided there with bis parents until he
twelve years old, receiving only three yc
schooling at tbe public school nt that pit
He then started out in life on his own
count, serving an apprenticeship at tbe
PALACE OF FASHION
Holds front rank in Southwest Texas, and its large and constantly replenished stock of
. . <■' > j,1 ]' •
Dry Goods and Clothing
Cannot be excelled in quality and price. All who purchase $15 worth of Goods will
be given & chance in a Superb Organ to be given by us to the lucky one*
ted at the trade]
four years iu New Braunl
and at various other callings.
became Deputy Postmaster nt Colui
Texas, in wbjcU capacity, iu coum^B
with clerking in a general nierohandise's^
he acted until December, 1872, On lha:
of December, 1872, he was sworn in
acted as Deputy District Clerk until A)
18, 1876, lie having been elected Cot
Clerk February 15, 1876. He
County Clerk April 18, 1876, the
which office he has Bince continued tirper-
form, through election by the people, vibich
is a sufficient commentary upon the pat is-
fictory manner in which those duties have
been discharged. Mr. Wugenfuhr is (r Ma-
son, Odd Fellow, K. of H„ K. & L.
and A. L. of H. He was Grand Mas|<
Odd Fellows of tho State of Texasjfrom
February, 1887, to February, 1888, And is
now a Representative of said ordei'from
Ibis State to the Sovereign Grand 1 S3gr,
having reoently returned from the i jssion
of that grand body at Columbus, Ohi , Be
was examined and admitted as an at oi uey
at law by the Dlslrtat Court of Ct orado
county, September 91,1885, When, welve
years of age he was eonftrmed in i ie i*u-
theran church at New Braunfela, of 'which
ehureh he Is still a member. " Hen y" Is a
hard worker while on duty, but«ijoys a
short recreation a* well as the net t man.
He U something like Jim Rludaoe, i nglneer
of the steamer Prairie Belle, who=
" Knaw'd his dutr=a dead sure 1
And went for It tnar ana tbet
Qenlal iu deposition, of kindly heart
generous nature, he ha|, and alway**wlll
have, a eeterie of warm personal frJuntU,
AN IMPORTANT AND üROWINü INDUSTRY,
Dome Practical Remark* About It by a
Praelteal Wiue-Maker.
Webster delinea wines to be: The
expressed juice of gr&pea, usually the
fermented juice; a beverage prepared
front grapes by squeeaing out the
juice and allowing it to ferment.
Then he goes on and \refers^to poets,
as " wine is-a mocker,
raging, and whoBoewcr is deceived"
thereby ia not wiae."^ui ther,Bacchus
that first, from out tftcPpurple grape
crushed out the sweet poiicy of mis-
used wine. Hence a liquor #r bever-
age resembling that prepatled from
grapes, yielded by the otheii kind of
fruit, of curraut wine, gooseberry
wine, etc. But tbe people tftat lived
about 2,000 years after Bacchlis' time,
added Dr. L. Gall's wine. ThLy think
if must (unfermcnted ¿rapa juice)
consists of water, 20 per cant., of
sugar, from 5 to 7 per mill of tartaric
acid and a little protein, aftfer fer-
menting, will make wine, whynvecan
take any inferior grape or fruil juice,
add, if too sour, water, so toat the
fluid will coutaiu about 6 per qiill of
acids, and then sufficient su
bring the whole 20 per cent.
must scale. Now, there is your
and if fermented, consequently! youi
wine. The Frenchman Ohaptaljtried
before Dr. Gall to reach tbe
point by neutralizing the surpl
acid in the must with lime and
adding a little sugar. Both clai
make wine upon chemical princ:
But now comes the smart cbemistjwho
says: If wine is composed of about
88 per cent, of water, nearly 91 per
cent, of alcohol, 3 per cent, of glyce-
rine, and the last I per cent, of apids
and ethereal oils, why we can jget
wine cheaper and quicker by mi
these articles, adding sugar if lthe
taste requires, and color to suit ¡the
eye. You can readily imagine
these four beverages are not one
cié, and consequently they ougb
have four different names, and notkll
called wine, only beccuse the maifu
facturer tried to imitate tbe sa
I, for my pait, only call No. 1
and will speak to you only on
making of this; biit the other
articles are used under the word
too often to pass silently over th
and so I will say a few words ab
each before I enter upon the dis<
sion of wine-making,
.fermented Fruit Juice—made
Bacchus' time, was certainly ferme
ted without sugar, as that luxury w
too costly in those tunes, and t
fruits in BaCchus' land (Green) a
naturally sweet. So ibis beveragi
although no wine, was certainly
unhealthy drink. I think it shoul
be called cider, at - least we German
use the word wine or cider, but th
Americans apply cider only for th
expressed juice of apples, fermente
or unfermented. But tht's ;article
entirely out of market now, so we wrll|
pass to No. 3, wine -toade out of ir
ferior grapes by preparing tbe must.
Now, Dr. Gall bad the best inten-
tions in the world in publishing his
method on wine making, and wantfc
it positively understood that his
method shall only be applied to infer-
ior grapes; and that said beverage
shall only be a substitute for natural
wine; and, further, that using sugar
and water in wine-making from good
grapes is like administering medicine
to a sound person, and who does so is
a quack; while a person applying
sugar and water to too sour grape-
must with proper knowledge, is liko a
doctor helping a sick persou. But
the pupils think themselves smarter
than their tutor, and apply this method
even on good must, with the criminal
intent of multiplying the same. It
certainly appears very reasonable that
if sugar produces alcohol by fermen-
tation, it is all the same whether said
sugar was produced in the grape, or
added to the must. But this is not
ll iH~hhu "[ i nrni f nn all know that
Ptlie intoxicating property of brandy,
whiskey, rtim and arak is alcohol, and
alcohol is tho. product of fer-
°te3 sugar. Now, whiskey is made
corn or grain sugar, brandy from
grape iSugSt^jmm from cane sugar,
and arak from rice sugar, which, after
fermentation, is distulcd. You all
know that these are very different
beverages, not only in laste, but main-
ly in their effect upon the human body,
although they are ali made from
sugar; consequently the effect of sug-
ared wine and natural wine has to be
a different one, especially as wo can
never tell, in our advanced times,
from, what tho sugar we use is de-
rived', whether it is cane, beet, corn or
perhaps something else; but it shows
in its effeots. Now, this may all be
as it will, wine made on Dr. Gall's
method and used moderately, never
injures our health, but its effect upon
our body is entirely different from the
wine made from pure grape juice. I
have studied this method thoroughly;
in fact, I have been in the fermenting
businesi wore or less for the last
twenty-eight years, have atudied it
theoretically nnd practiced it to no
small extent. The manufacture of my
tomato older is baaed on this method,
and I elaim that wine made with
sugar has no more right to use the
name wine than has my tomato eider.
Now eomee No. 4—Chemical wine.
Thin I think i th best aounding name
you may apply to this oompound, for
actually it fa poison and there is, in
my opinion, no word strong enough to
uondemn this stuff. A Urge part of
the aluohol used in this compound is
not derived front the before-named
grain or fruit, but is made out of the
Íotato—it being the cheapest in mar-
et. The potato, if oooked, is a very
wholesome nourishment; but its aleo*
hoi it poteohous, so that it ia need
mainly for technical purposes only.
A'eoliol itself is a mixture of many
sub varieties, of which the thiea main
varieties are; Amyle A!., Propyl Al.,
and Butyl Al.; and the proportion in
which alcohol contains these varieties
do not care how long a person has
been in the trade, he will learn some-
thing new every year. The German
Brewer says: "Every old woman can
make good.beer, but it takes a brewer
te make all beer alike."
So I will only try to giye a guide
to those that already have some ex*
perience in the fermenting business.
The greatest drawbacks for wine
making in Texas are tho old German
and Northern wine growers. They
pretend to know all about grape rais-
ing and fermenting grapes; they have
learned it in the old country and as
they treat the must here, like there,
it is bound to give also auoh wine.
But this is a great mistake. The
grapes in the Northern States and
Germany ripen at the end of Septem-
ber or October, when the temperature
at nights often sinks to the freezing
point. The lemptr-Uure in the cellars
is about 50 degrees, while tbe beat
temperature for wine fermenting ia
about 95 degrees, ao all efforta must
be made there to push fermentation
and even then its average length ia
from 18 to 84 days. They ferment
in large vats holding thousands of
iiallons, ao that all heat producid by
ermentation ia pre*ervea. The vats
are left open that the oxygen of the
air may nave free aooeas, and the
doors of the cellar are kept shut to
prevent tbe cold air from outside en-
tering. The ferménUtion goea on
very alow, and there, tbe young wine,
which ia moatauhjeot to acetio fermen-
tation, ta finished at a time when cellars
are ao cool that noetic fermentation
ia almost impossible, In Texaa things
stand reversed. The grapea ripen In
««institutes its properties. Therefore
it its easily explained why the differ-
ent yitoxicants have such different
nféets. The proportion of the Amvle
Al. is so prevailing in the potato ale.,
that in its raw condition it is simply
undrinkable. While the proportion
of the Proyyl Al., which prevails in
grape alcohol, has that fruitish scent
that makes fine beverages so agreea-
ble, haB not half the intoxicating
properties of Amyle- Al., and leaveB
no headache; in fact is the least iutox-
cating of the alcohols, and has a fav-
orable effect upon our digestive
organs. But the manufacturers of
chemical wine have no hygienic con-
science, and take their material where
they find it cheapest, no-matter what
follows. The Wine and Fruit Grow-
er, January, 1887, number, says:
All distilled alcohols are teckically,
denominated as poison,s. The most
fatal in effects are spirits made from
potatoes, next beet root, then grain,
and so up to spirits produced from
grapes. This is the cause why potato
spirits are the cheapest. Chemical
wine is a French invention, and un-
countable misses ' were imp< *ted in
the United States as long as the reve-
nue thereon was collected by peV cent,
of value. Tbe value was assessed so
low that the revenue only amounted
to a trifle, and to put a stop (o this-
injurious trade Congress passed a law
to collect 50 cents from each imported
gallon. But this made bad, worse;
the bogns wine makers moved their
three-story brick vineyards to this
country and established one or more
factories in every Urge city, thns the
manufacture of chemical wine is prac-
ticed so extensively in the United
States at present, that for instance the
qity of New York alone imported in
1885, 600,000 gallons of cherry juice,
aud these 600,000 gallons of cherry
jnice will give 1,200,000 gallons of
so called wine. The chérry juice is
so strongly fortified with potito spirit,
to keep it from fermenting, and dodg-
ing the internal revenue, that it can
be sold for 36 cents a gallon and still
a large profit. San Francisco,
™ of the enormoits ammrot of'
grapes California raises, imported in
the same year 70,000 gallons of cher-
k r juice; and New Orleans, the home
^ the adulterators, with all the other
pot-ts, did certainly not stay behind,
but I have no statistical reports there-
from. This I state !to give you an
idea of what amount of spurious wine
is sold in our country; and tnis causes
more the decrease of imports of the
French wines than the spreading of
the grape culture in the United States.
These adulterators are ¡eo-jperfect in
their business that not even expert
wine tasters can tell-.the difference
between their stuff and¿grape' juice.
Only .the effect these, beverages have
on tbe body tells: the difference. In
fact these bogus- wine^men hurt tbe
wine trade more than llie a ape louse,
and ithe American Wine-Growers' As-
sociation—well awaré of otitis fact—
tried their best in Washington to put
a stop to this fraud bt making it a
criminal offense to sell any beverage
without a true label, but so-fiar with-
out effect. Tbe distillers are too well
organized, and knowing how their
trade would suffer by this law, always
succeeded in killing these bills in the
committee rooms. Now let us turn
i our eyes to the pure grape, juice and
its fermtntation. You must not ex-
pect,to hear a receipt for wino-mak-
ing, for I could just as well give a
receipt for wine-making as a shoema
ker could give a receipt for making
shoes. If the shoemaker tells and
ihow8 you how he makes his shoe, you
jan certainly make one; but the shoe
rou make and the shoemaker shoe
vill show their descent. Wine-mak-
ing, like beer-brewing, is a trade that
lias to be learned practically, and I
August when ouroutaide temperature
avemgea about 100 degreea, The
temperature of our ground or eellara
is about 75 degreea, ao, that aa aoon
as fermentation acta in, it raiaea the
temperature in the muat to 100 .de-
gree*, and even over that. If the
must then atanda in l|trg4 vaata, the
temperature will even reioh 130 de-
grees, and aa this temperature is too
high for tho al eolio! yeaat germ, tbe
same becomes sickly, and the aeetio
germ, which now finda its favorite
temperature, prospers; if then the
mu t is not fur.¡fiel with alcohol or
su^ar, in most cases vipegar will be
the result of fermontation, Aa tbe
fermentation runs through in four
or five days here, instead of eighteen
to twenty four there, the quantity of
oxygen used in one day is four or five
times as large as in a cold country.
If you then ferment in a closed cellar,
suffocation of the yeast will follow
aud produce an infeiior, and very of-
ten unwholesome beverage. So we
have to provide for all the fresh air
possible. Our young wine finds an
average temperature of 95 to 100 de-
grees (the best for vinegar fermenta-
tion as before stated;) if then our
wine is naiperfectly sound, and every-
thing that may induce the fermenta-
tion of acetic acid is not avoided you
never will make a whoksone beverage.
Taking all this in consideration, I
have adopted tbe following method
of fermentation, and followed it with
remarkably good results, even fer-
mentating musts with 17 per cent, of
sugar. Now if you want to make
wine in Texas, first find a room that
has all the access of fresh and pure
air, so sitnated that the wind enter-
ing will not previously pass over a
mud or dung hole. The floor must
be so constructed, that during fer-
mentation it may be washed two or
three times a day, without leaving
any water in the vicinity that stag-
nate. Then provide for a crusher and
press, that will finish tbe work in not
more than six hours, so that no fer-
mentation can arise in the press. Next
find sound and smooth fermenting
barrels of oak, holding not .over 45
gallons, (whisky barrels will well
answer the purpose,) and place them
on lavers, high enough that the upper
part will come even with the win
dows of the room, also provide for
some tin (not gaiynised) buckets and
funnel, and plenty of water, because
every and each tool used must be
cleaned before and right after using
thoroughly, and nobody that follows
thU business can be too clean. You
also need a must scale to test your
Trm-rt.—í)eTTT^ tíitis prcpar<rd wait- tnr- "
til you think that your grapes are
perfectly ripe, that is that the amount
of grape sugar in tbe ^berry does not
increase If then your must scale
shows 18 to 20 degrees of sugar in the
must, you may commence gathering.
I have made it a rula, to press my
grapes the same day .they are gather-
ed, because if some berries burst they
will go to fermentation immediately,
as this fermentation is seldom a sound
one, the germs thereof .frequently in-
jure the whole process. The must I
draw from the presp runs in well
cleaned and sulphured bárrela, which
are not filled brim full, but, spaceof
two or three gallons is left; as aoon as
fermentation sets in, the yeast and all
the substances not naturally belong-
ing to the must will iise to the surface
and fill the space left. Now the bar-
rels must be leaned a little to one side,
so that the foam (which contains all
unclean substances) together with tbe
yeast, may run off, instead of falling
back in tt.e young wine, and thus
creating stagnation. Vessels (I pre-
fer earthen ware) must be placed un-
der the barrels.to catch tbe overflow-
ing mass: which contains besides tbe
yeast and unclean substances a great
deal of grape juice. As fermentation
proceeds, the mass in the barrels les-
sens, and has to be replaced by filling
up every eight hours with the juice
that is caught in the vessels and must
that has been kept back for ihit pur-
pose :n a small vessel. To do this I
first pour the juice from the vessels
in a bucket, insert in the bung hole
of the barrel a funnel witha 15 inch
long neck, and then fill up, high
enough to reach the must in the
barrel with your finger. This done,
I take a brush and plenty of water
and biush the eartben vessels in and
outside of thei'barrels, and also the
outside of the 4>a-rrel^, then I take a
broom and plenty of water and wash
the floor. This has to bp doneat least-
two, or better tbre« times a day. When
the overflowing slops, tbe fermenta-
tion of tbe largest part of tho yeast
is done, and now, by degrees, I turn
tbe bung to the highest end of the
barrel. I then try-to dean the bar-
rels in the inside, as far as I can reach,
and keep filling up the barrels twice *
day from now on to one-half inch
from tbe bung hole, as long a^ fer-
mentation lasts, wbioh can easily be
told by the noisa it creates. From
now on tbe bung hole is kept ooyered,
first by a mere fiat bung, and later,
when fermentation increases, a piece
of cotton flannel cloth is placed be-
tween the bung and barrel. The ob-
jeot of this is to exclude the ontaide
air. Aa long aa tbe fermenUtiou ia
airona enough, the oonaunt stream
of oarbonate acid produced, prevents
this; gradually tbe stream weakena,
and finally stops entirely. I-o the
aame proportion aa tbe fermentation
decreases, the bung, with the flannel
cloth baa to be tightened. But tbe
iKl
long
noticed. When I think that thia point
barreta have to bo Kept full and olean
aa long aa any fermentation oan be
ia reached I uae my muat aoale, and
if within a week no change on the
muat aoale ia viaible, I draw tbe young
wine from ita sediments on well aul-
phated barrels. Tbe fermeuting bar-
reta baye to be openeui and well bruah-
ed inaide, to take off the yeaat from
the ataffs, then the aame barreta may
be uaed for tbe young wine. From
ny win
id it ia
to say any more, aa it oan be seen in
any wine book. Wine made in thia
manner will contain no more than
aeven or eight degreea of alcohol so
that tt is not often uaed by drinking
now on I treat mv wine tike all other
wine makers, and it ia pot seoeaaary
people, but it ia rather agentie, nour-
ishing stimulant, that will build up
and auatain the impaired health, pre-
aervea by ita dtetioal and medical
properties tho heaitby person, increa-
aea by conatant use, their mental
faculty and making happy and lively
tboae that indulge therein a little too
freely, without leaving a bad effect
for the next day. And I am confi-
dent that the general use of thia pure
wino wilt help tbe canee of temper-
ance more than ali the lawa the pro-
hibitlonUta may force on ua.
Wm. Hagkmann.
New Ulm, Austin Co., Texas.'
THE RBTTtlNe cp is CBBTilN.
You may take the world u tt comet aed goes,
And you wiU be sure to And
That (ate wilt square the aoount she owes
Whoever comes out behind.
And all things bad that a man has done,
By whatsoever induced.
Return at iast to him, one be one.
As the chiekens come home to roost.
Tou may scrape and toil and pinch and save
While your hoarded wealth expands,
Tilt the cold, dark shadow of the grave
Is nearing your life's last sands;
Tou will have your balanoes struck somenight
And you'll find your hoard reduced.
You'll view your Ufe in another light,
When the obickens come home to roost.
You can stint your soul and starve your heart
With the husks of a barren creed,
But Chrigv will know if you p|ay a part,
WiU know in your hour of need;
And then as you wait for death to come
What hope can there be deduced
From a creed? You will lie there dumb
While your chiokens come home to rcost.
So as you will, there's a time to reap.
For the (rood and the bad as well.
And conscience, whether we wake or deep,
Iseither a heaven or hell.
And every wrong will find its place,
And every passion loosed.
Drift back and meet you face to face.
When tbe chickens come home to roost.
Whether you're over or under the sod.
The result will be the same;
You cannot escape the hands of God;
You must bear your sin or sbame.
No matter what's carved on the marble slab,
When the items are all produced,
You'll find that Peter was keeping tab.
And the chiokens oome home.to roost.
Tub Pick op Creation.—The New
York Telegraph siys:
It is a San Francisco man who ob-
serves that man finds any amount of
fault with woman, yet works Joo}h
and nail tq get her. He callsjier ex-
travagant, yet yearns to pay her bills.
She's heartless, yet be devotes months
to finding tbe spot where that heart
should be. She's fickle, yet he fights
tiona. Shft* ^"SMSfcaBsBS
for a place—the. place—in her
ing, has courage for two. She's a
fraud, but a darling. She's a goose,
but a duck. She's snappy and sweet.
She's lithe and graceful and dear and
changeable as tbe wind. In fact
she's a chameleon 'in the very latest
style of spots and dots and feathers
and fixings. She's a most desirable
article of household furnishing, and
tbere are mighty few men who.¡ want
to get along witou.t her. *' •" ,
grating pen-
1 is probaWy
of Glasgqjv.
The most perfectly o]
duluin ever constructed
that at the University
A shot a sixteenth of au inch in. di-
ameter is suspended by a single fine
silk fibre, two feet long, in a glass
tube three-fourths of an incji.in inter-
nal diameter, the air being^Jiausted
to about one ten-millionth. Starling
with a motion of a quarter of an incn
to either side of the centre, tbe vi-
brations may be counted after a per-
iod of fourteen hours.
One Sunday, as a certain Scottish
minister was returning homeward, he
was accosted by an old woman who
said: "Oh, sir, well do I like tbe day
that you preach." The minister was
aware that he was not very popular,
and he answered: "My good woman,
I am glad to hear it, There are too
few like you. And why do you like
the day when I preach?" "Oh, air,"
she replied, " when you preach I al-
ways get a good seat."
Prof. Ayrton computes that the
power which runs to waste at Niaga:
falls exceeds that which could be
produced by tbe annual consumption
of 150,000,000, tons of coal.
FREE SCHOOLS.
A Y8RV HANDSOME STATS ENDOWMENT.
* I statesman.
The permanent free school fund in-
vested in stale and counjly bonds, is
♦5,878,174.92; 40,000,000 acres of
land .controlled by the státe, and four
leagues, oi 17,712 acres, to each coun-
ty organized and unorganized, con-
trolled by the counties, making a total
of 47,288,660 acres, which, at t3 por
acre, would bring $141,866,028, added
to the above makes a grand total of
9147,730,202.02. The interest on the
bonds and land notes for which school
lands have been sold) rentals from the
lands leased, one-third of the statu >
lax and tl on each poll, forma the
available fund which ia used each
year for the maintenance of public
free sohools. The available fund ia
increasing rapidly each year. In 1881
the amount appropriated for mainte-
nance of public free schorls was
«103,933.34; in 1885 it was 12,050,000
in 1887 it waa 12,285,419; a letter
from the treaaurer of tbe atate saya
the appropriation for 1888 will be
about 12,300,000. Thia fund will
aoon be auflicient to give free educa-
tion to ten timca aa many children
and peraona aa now live in Texaa, be-
tween the agea of five and twenty
yeara. We have a State univeraity,
located at Auatin, the capital, which
ia oné of the boatendowea education-
al inatitutiona in the United States. It
ia open to both aexea. Tuition free.
Tbe oonatitution of the atate providea
for the eatabliahment of a univeraity
for the education of oolored youths;
atepa have been taken to put it ir
ation. The univeraity tanda wilt per-
manently endow these inatitutiona,
making them, in lime, the eqnal of
any in America. The university per-
manent fund ia at proaent 1023,411,
invested in bonda; this, with an avail-
able fund of #21,680 and oaah oh
hand of 110,828. making a total uni-
veraity fund of $855,010. Besides
thia, it haa 2,$91,400 acres of land,
moat of which waa located at an early
day, and ie very valuable, worth from
$3 to $$0 per acre. At an average
of $6 it would bring $13,828,400^
making a grand total of $13,884,310
for univeraity purpoaes. The State
Agricultural and Mechanical college,
located near the city of Bryan, Brazos
county, ia endowed with ¡1209,000, In-
vested in bonda; also ft large endow-
ment from the United States govern-
ment. Ninety-four students, one-half
of whom take a mechanical and one-
half an agricultural course, receive
free board and tnition. The Sam
Houston Normal school, for the edu-
cation of white teachers, and the
Prairie View Normal school for the
education of colored teachers, are
supported by tbe Btaie, and 165 white
and 45 colored studenta receive tuition
free, in proportion to white and col- •
ored population.
J¡ 4
Hit the Wrong Building.
"About fifteen yeara ago, wheB I
was in tbe lightning 'rod business in
this state," said a Detroit insurance
man Ihe^other day as he slowly sipped
his ginger ale, "we got a job on a
farmer's big barn in Nankin township.
We had a hard task to get him, as he
was an unbeliever in the virtue of
tbe rods, but he finally consented and
we went ahead giving him tbe most
solemn assurance, of course, that bis
barn would be protected beyond
queation. We had just finished work
when a thunder storm was observed
coming up and he remarked that it
would be a good time to test tbe rods.
We put our team in the barn, but
preferred the house for our shelter.
" Well, the storm came along and
as it reached us there was a flash and
a bang, everybody got a shock, and
when we came todook the bam was
on fire in a dozen places. Before we ;;
could get tbe team -and wagon out
was too late and they burned wifh
tbe structure." '
"How did yOu explain it to the
farmer?" was ask§d. . __v
"We didn't explain it At aijL
dld all ll!U explaining. lie got down
a shot gun and explained that if wr
didn't get beyond range before !>o J
could count fifty he would open fire.
We got and we never even went back
to claim the iron work of the wagon?"
'•.Could the rods have been value-
less?"
" Certainly not."
" Then how did it happen?"
" I think.it was an error in judgment
on the part of providence. I think
the.idea waa to strike the house and
kill me and my partner!"—Detroit
Free Press.
Among theiletters of condolence re-
ceived by Mrs. Cox waB one from ex-
President-Cleveland. It reach:- ■
Mm. S. S. Cox:-' ' ' **
On my arrival dt home yesterday 1
afternoon I was shocked to- leai«n of
the death of your husband. I cannot
refrain from the expression of toy deep
and sincere sympathy for you in your'
great bereavement and my feeling-of
personal sadness upon a lorn of a tal-
ented friend. Your bnaband's honor--
able career and the tribute which'his
fellow countryman will pay to bis use-
ful life will not lessen the poignancy
of your affliction, but I hope tbey will
mingle with tbe kindly memories
which are yonrs alone to afford a ray
of solace in the hour of gloom,
i Yours very truly,
Obovbb Cleveland.
" Were .yon wounded in the Crimea,
Pat?" " No, yer honor; the ball hit
me in the chist and kem out at me
back." " Why, Pat, that would have
gone right through your heart."
'-Och, faix, my heart was in my
mouth." ..is?.
\
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The Colorado Citizen (Columbus, Tex.), Ed. 1 Tuesday, October 22, 1889, newspaper, October 22, 1889; Columbus, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth177648/m1/3/: accessed April 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History.