The Belton Independent. (Belton, Tex.), Vol. 3, No. 29, Ed. 1 Saturday, November 27, 1858 Page: 1 of 4
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' i
THE BELTON
Mm i
INDEPENDENT FAMILY PAPER—DEVOTED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL, MECHANICAL AND OTHER INTERESTS OP THE DISTRICT GENERALLY, BELL COUNTY P.
VÓL.3.
BELTON, BEJiL COUNTY, TEXAS, NOVEMBER 27, 1858.
AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT.
From the Hountuii Telegraph.
The Disease in Cattle called
Black Toiigue.
Dear Sir :—As this disease seems
to be traveling westward with great
rapidity, and it is much to bo feared
may yet reach and spread amongst
the vast herds of cattlu in Texas, it
maybe well to make more public
what is known on the subject, and
remedies that have been used with
more or less success.
It is no new thing. The same
disease has appeared in this State
at least twice within the memory of
men now living. In the present in-
stance wherever it may have made
its first attacks, it has spread ra-
pidly, and has carried off great num-
bers of deer, and of cattle on the
range. It has gradually extended
westward, until we now hear of it in
the western parishes of Louisiana.
Little has been said suggestive of
theprobablo cause; but that little,
and with grtat probability of truth,
connects it with the rust, so des-
tructive of the clop of oats and
wheat the past season; as a kind of
salivation produced by the presence
of a growth of minute fungi on the
grass and herbs generally.
These fungus plunts afe, with few
exceptions very poisonous in their
■eflects. Though some, as the Er-
Íot in rye, are used in medicine.—
lut, be the cause what it may, I
have strong hopes that a good hard
freeze will have the eilcct of put-
ting an entire check to the disease.
If it should extend to the vast range
of pastures in Texas, and attack
the millions of cattle there,"it would
be the greatest disaster which ever
befel the State. The cattle are so
wild and so w idply scattered, that
the handling necessary to apply
local remedies would bo almost im-
posible in large herds. The owners
of some very valuable herds of De-
von cattle in Maryland, have carried
them through this epidemic, this
present season without the loss of a
single hoof. But, being perfectly
gentle, they were handled with ease,
and remedies readily applied
Alter preparing lor you a lengthy
communication on the subject of the
symptoms, remedies, &c., I met
with the following communication
iu the Natchez Courier of a recent
date, which seems to me to contain
all that need be said:
Take a table spoon twice full of
pulverized copperas (sulphate of
iron) and double that quantity of
saltpetre. Dissolve in 'a pint of wa-
ter; then pour in one or two ounces
spirits turpentine; stir it well, and
wash the animal's tongue and the
inside of the nostrils with a soft
swab; then pour about a gill of the
mixture down the throat. Repeat
this morning, noon and night the
second day and a cure will bo effec-
ted.
But, as it will take some days for
the nose and month to heal, the ani-
mal must bo fed with good fodder,
slightly dampened to render it soft.
I find they can neither graze nor eat
green fodder, or cotton seed, nor
indeed, anything that has to bo ta-
ken up with the tongue, as meal 01
bran.
To prevent the disease from
spreading, separate the diseased
from the well cattle, and salt them
every other day. Mix one ounce of
copperas, two of salpctre and two
of sulphnr with four quarts of salt.
Individuals may milk their cows
and use the milk with perfect safety
until they find them 3ick, and even
then I do not know that there is
much danger, for I find that the
calves of diseased cows do not seem
to be injured at all from sucking,
and I think it wholly unnecessary
to be alarmed about the matter.
It will be very easy to know when
your cow lias the black tongue.—
The nose generally gets sore first;
the nostrils have a little running
matter; the tongue becomes swollen
and looks white at tli3 end; the cow
holds her mouth partly open, and
seems to be In great pain, with froth
working out of the lips, and seems
to be stiff in the joints like a foun-
dered horse. Sometimes the stiffness
is the first symptom of disease, in
which case a simple drench of a half
pint of copperas and saltpetre mix-
ture will prevent the other symp-
toms from being developed.
But, as I before remarked, as it
would be next to impossible to thus
treat the infectcd animals in such
herds as range in Texas, it will be
well by way of preventive, to salt
the cattle very frequently, mixing
with the salt as large a proportion
of the following mixture as they can
be induced to lick: Say one part, by
weight, of copperas, and two parts
each oí saltpetre and of sulphur,
all in powdar, to be woll mixed with
the salt.
An excellent mode of salting cat-
tle I have found to bo to mix the
salt, (and, in this case, with the
mixture above named,) with a quan-
tity of cle^n hickory or oak ashes,
and of as pure and tough clay <is
can be had; thoroughly beating up
and mixing with sufficient water to
form a sort of mortar, with which
fill some convenient wooden troughs
placed whore the cattle, sheep, &c.,
can have accesb to them, as in a
natural lick tho animals will take
what they desire at their own plca-
uro, and without waste. It would
be well to put a roygh shelter ovor
the troughs to prevent waste from
rains.
It is positively stated that this
disease—black tongue—may be ar-
rested in a herd, or entirely preven-
ted, b}' rubbing tar and sulphur,
without stint, upon the faces of the
cattle, fr< m their horns to their nose,
and I think this is extremely proba-
ble
The losses occasioned amongst
cattle by this epidemic and by over-
flow on the Mississippi, together
with the increasing consumption of
beef, and the increased facilities for
sending to market, are rapidly en-
hancing the value of cattle, and must
have a beneficial effect on prices in
Texas. It. is now t.ime that breed-
ers were turning their attention to
the improvement of their cattle. A
steer is worth to the butcher not
alone in proportion to the weight of
l'at and llesh he carries; that flesh
must be carried on those parts of the
animal, in greatest quantity, which
is most saleable in market. The of-
l'al must be small «¡11 proportion to
his entire weight, and he must be
quiet and docile in disposition, that
tho handling lie has to undergo on
his way to ma: ket, may not fret and
alarm liiin, and thus cause a loss of
flesh and fat 011 the way. All those
advantages the Durhams possess
more than any other breed; though
the breeders of the Horefords and
Devons claim them for each of those
breeds over ail others. But all of
this 1 may discuss through your
columns, some leisuie day, if accep-
table. Yours trulv, *
THOMAS AFFLECK.
Fall stguiast Kgiriug,
for thansl'lantikg fruit trees.
Ax erroneous impression has
been made upon the public mind,
that Sjd ing was the proper time to
transplant Fruit Trees. And how
it was that such an erroneous prac-
tice should obtain such patronage
and favor we cannot imagine, un-
less it ¡¡us been through the force
of example. Our lathers transplan-
ted in the Spring, and what father
and grandfather have done of course
is right, and any innovation upon
their practice is entirely unpardon-
able. And such is the force of
practical and traditional error, that
it invariably arrays itself in opposi-
tion to almost every improvement
or discovery without any tenable
reason to sustain it, thereby doing
an incalculable amount ol injury t>
almost every useful enterprise. At
this point, however, Ve would say
that it is not our purpose to wage a
geneial warfare against fogyism
\v he re ver found. If it were, we
should have to arm ourselves in a
more formidable panoply than did
the veritable Jesse Holmes, the
fool killer, when he started on his
mission, and although the subjects
of his warfare were, and are yet,
very numerous, yet we think that
ihe votaries of fogyism are much
more so. And we are of the opin-
ion that in order to achieve a victo-
ry, that we should have to employ
alargo number of journeymen sol-'
diers to assist us, and the probabil-
ity is, that' after a great deal of
hard fighting, that there wonld.be
still n large surplus left that would
do to turn over to Jesse. But to
the question: Why should fruit
trees be transplanted during the
fall season?" In nnswor wo would
say, that it is only necessary for
any person of ordinary intelligence
to spare a few moments with us
while we open the beautiful book of
nature, made and stereotyped by the
great Maker of all things, which
should be our preceptor iu matter
pertaining to nature, (and/it would
be a happy thing for us all if we
would study nature more, then it
would not be such an easy matter for
erroneous opinions to obtain favor
among an intelligent and thinking
people.) Now while we are unfold-
ing its golden leaves, all perceive
that certain laws arc indellibly writ-
ten on its pages, and that a viola-
tion of these laws are sure to be re-!
warded with a penalty according to
the magnitude of offence. In vegeta-
ble physiology we perceive two
prominent points in her economy
that exercise a semi-annual influence
upon all deciduous trees. The first
oí these that we allude to, is tho
time that they put 011 their vernal
dress, and the other is the time of de-
foliation. At this time the tree be-
comes torpid, and consequently is
inactive in all its parts; the work
of the season has been brought to a
close; the fruit, leaves and wood
have been matured, and the tree is
at perfect rest from all labor. Now,
if a tree is transplanted as Boon as
it sheds its leaves, it will be seen on
examination that the ends of tho
roots (where they have been trained
when taken up)make no effort to heal
the wounds in less time than four or
five weeks, and sometimes longer.—
And hero we appeal to the opinion
of some of the best physiologists
and practical nurserymen who have
handled trees at all times during
the fall, winter and spring, from the
time of defoliation until they put 011
their vernal drosss again, if tho
above assertion is not so- Now, if
sucli a law in deciduous trees is a
fixed principle: then may not all in-
fer that the timo that trees are in a
dormant state is the time designed
by Nature that they should bo taken
up and transferedto their new abode
Now let us see what, effect it has
upon trees planted at different pe-
riods during the full, winter and
spiing. As we have before asserted,
reaction takes place again in four 01
five weeks alter,defoliation, and if a
tree is transplanted during the time
of rest, it will be observed by care-
ful examination in December, Janu-
ary, February, March aud April,
that the tree lias made new thread-
like roots in length in proportion to
the time that the I reo has been trans-
planted.
Now what is the character of tho
testimony adduced by this mysteri-
ous law in nature? It must be this
(and it is as clear us a sun beam)
that there is a proper time to plant.
And if the thread-like roots of trees
transplanted during tlie.lu3t half of
October, and the months of Novem-
ber and December, are longer by the
last of April than'those planted after
Christmas (which some persons who
claim to have some knowledge 011
the subject say is the proper timo to
transplant,) then we must arrive at
the conclusion that they are in er-
ror, and that such error is calcula-
ted to do great injury from the fact
as above shown, that part of the
time required for the reparation of
the roots where they had been mu-
tilated by raising them from the
ground, is lost, and all tho process
of healing has to be performed after
Christmas that would hav% been
done prior to that time, namely:—
lirst, cicatrization; secondly, granu-
lation; and thirdly, the emission of
roots. And if transplanting is de-
layed until March or April, then
the process of healing ana the emis-
sion of roots has to take place when
the tree is most in need of them to
perform their functions in taking up
the necessary elements from the soil
which are calculated to give the tree
a natural impulse, and aid it in put-
ting on its spring g-irb at tho natu-
ral season. And if the weather is
dry in the spring, the process of
healing is very tedious, which must
take place before the tree can grow.
Ilence, we often sec trees which
have been transplanted in the spring
remain without foliage until June or
July. And if a drought should oc-
cur during tho summer, many die
because their roots have not had
time to heal in the spring and make
a sufficient amount of roots to sup-
port the plant during the drought of
summer, and the result is that thou-
sands perish.
To Preserve Fur its Without Su-
gar or Vinegar.—At a mooting of
Horticultural Society, Mr. Lovejoy,
butler to J..Thorn, Esq,, of Mewbey
House, South Lambeth, obtained a
medal for preserving greengage
plums, damsons, goooscbcrries, rhu-
barb, cherries, black and red cur-
rents, raspberries, mulberries—all
without sugar or vinegar. The sped-
cirnens exhibited were as plump and
transparent as when first gathered.
They wore preserved as follows:—
Pick the fruit from tho stalks; pot
them into the bottles. Put 01m
drachm of alum into four gallons of
boiling watet; let it stand till it is
cold, then fill the bottles with this
liquor, bung them tight; put them
into a copper of cold water and heat
to 176 degrees; and then tie *.hem
over with bladder and seal them.
•
Aunt Betsy has said many good
things—among tho rest that a
newspaper is i ike a wife, because
every man should subscribe for one
for himself.
Seeding Wheat.
As the season for Becding wheat
is coming on, permit mo to suggest
Dr. Cloud, to your numerons loaders
au important item in preparing the
seed, at least I will give my experi-
ence of twenty years, though more
particularly to the last five years,
as up to that time, on a sandy or
rodmulatto laud, I had been suc-
cessful iu raising fair crops without
much smut, at that time I resorted
to bluestono to prevent smut, which
I found to be in a groat degree a
preventive, though not entirely.—
Tho usual quantity that I had sowed
per acre, was from three pecks to
one bushel, making it about us
thick on the ground - as 1 desired it.
The fall of 1865 I managed the blue-
stone different to what I had done
and find from the experiment, that
I am trebly paid. My plan is to
take one pound of Mue stono and
pulverize it fine, stir and disolve it
thoroughly and put that quantity to
every five bushels of seed, carefully
covering tho seed with tho bluo-
stono water, and soak it twenty-four
hours, then set u cotton basket
over another stand, by, to catch tho
water. After draining a while, sow
immediately. When you fill your
stands again with wheat, put half a
pound of tho bluestone to tho five
bushels, now comes tho most impor-
tant secret of tho matter, that 1 get
my wheat as thick on tho ground
from sowing half bushel of soaked
wheat as 1 formeily did from a bush-
el of unsoaked wheat. I sowed,
last fall, sixteen bushels on thirty
acres of land, the wheat came up
rather thiek. I should bo pleased to
hear you or some one philosophize
on the Bubjcct. Yours,
M. R. B.
Forkland, Greene Co., Ala., 1868.
Spain and Mexico.—The Madrid
correspondent of the London Morn
ing Herald, in his letter of October
8, writes as follows:
Tho unhapy misunderstanding
with Mexico, though it doeB not
much occupy the public mind, which
is now intent upon tho elections, is
anything but an opiate for a minis-
ter desirous of avenging the houor
of his outraged country, and at the
same time deploring the circum-
stances which impel him to send
forces to a region sufficiently pun-
ished by the civil stile of the inhab-
itants. The navul forces of Spain
already in the neighborhood of Mexi-
co will now bo reinforced, and the
disposable t'oops in Cuba, lately inj
creased by the arrival of some well-
disiplined and well-armed light in-
fantry, will soon be on their way to
the Mexican Gulf. Happily, the
"sinews of war," to tho uinottvt of
7U,000,OOO reals, have been deposi-
ted in the treasury of the Isle of
Cuba, and everything that human
foresight can provide has been got
ready, so that the army and navy
may not have to suffer from any oth-
er untoward circumstances than
those that are inevitable in an ex-
pedition to a country whose coasts
are unhealthy, and whose resources
arc exhaused.
« «
, A Wife's Power.—Tho powet of
a wife for good or evil, is irresisti-
ble. Home must he the seat of hap-
piness, or it must be unknown forev-
er. A good wife is to a man, wis-
dom and courage, and strength and
endurance. A bad one is confusion,
weakness, discomfiture aud despair.
No condition is hopeless when tho
wifo possesses firmness, decision
and economy. There is 110 outward
prosperity which can counteract in-
dolence, extravagance, and lolly at
home. No spirit can enduro bad
domestic influences.' ^Man is strong
but his heart is not adamant. Ho
delights in enterprise and action;
but to sustuiu him he needs a tran-
quil mind and u whole heart. He
needs his morals in the conflicts of
the world. To recover his equanim-
ity and composure, home must be a
place of repose, cheerfulness, peace,
comfort; and his soul renews its
strength again, and goes forth with
fresh vigor to encounter the troubles
and 11 burs ol life. But if at home
ho finds no rest, and is there met
with bad temper, sullenness, or
gloom, or complaint, hope vanishes,
and he sinks into despair.
#t
Nestuno in Ladies' Curls.—A news-
paper may be destroyed at night.—
It may light a cigar, it may curl a
lady's hair. Ah! only think of that,
girls! An editor's thoughts com-
pletely, sweetly, exquisitely wreath-
ed in your rich ..tresses, and'—yes,
nestling down with you in your mid-
night slumbers, gently to guard and
pcacclully keep watch over your
happy dreaniB. Who w&nld not be
an editor?
MISCELLANEOUS EXTRACTS,
Uve Wit bin your means.
We don't like
stinginess. Wo
iting
dOL't like "economy" when-it comes
down to starvation. We have no
sympathy with the notion that a
poor ii.an should hitch himself to a
post and stand still while the rest of
the world mores forward. It is no
man's duty to dpny himself of every
amusement, every luxury, every re-
creation, every comfort, that ho may
become rich. It Is no man's duty
to make an iceberg 0 himself—
to shut his eyes aud ears to the
sufferings of his follows—and to de-
ny himself the enjoyment that re-
sults from generous action ?—merely
that he may hoard wealth for h¡B
heirs to quarrel about.
But there is yet an economy which
is every man.s duty, aud which is
commendable in the man who strug-
gles with poverty—an economy con-
sistent with hapiness, and which
.must be practiced, if tho poor would
secure independence.
It is every man's privilege, and it
becomes his duty to live within
his moans,not up to,but within them.
Wealth does not make the man, we
admit, and should never be taken
into tho uccouut in our judgment
of men. But competence should be
secured when it can be, and it al-
most always caD be, by the prac-
tice of economy and solf-denial, to
only a tolerable extent. It should
be secured, not so much for others
to look upon, or to raise us in the
estimation of others, as to secure the
conciousucss of independence, and
the conBtant satisfaction that is
derived from its acquirement arid
possession.
We would like to impress this
single fact upon tho mind of every
laboring mau who may peruse this
short articlc—that it is possible for
him to rise above poverty aud that
tho path to independence, though
beset with toils and 6elf sacrifices, is
is much ploasnter to tho traveler
than any one ho enters upon.
The mau who feels that he is
earning something more than he is
spending, will walk the streets with
a much lighter heart, and enter his
home with a much more cheerful
countenancc than ho who spends as
lie goes, or falls gradually behind
his necessities in acquiriiigf the
means of meeting them,
Next to tho slavery of intemper-
ance there is no slavery on earth
moro galling than that of poverty
and indebtedness. The man who is
every body's debtor is everybody's
slave, and in a much worse condi-
tion than ho who serves a single
master.
For the sake ofthe present, then,
as well as for the sake of the future,
wo would most earnestly urge upon
every workingman to live within
his means. Let him lay by some-
thing everyday—if but a penny, be
it a penny—it is better than noth-
ing: infinitely better than running
in debt, a penny u day or u peuny a
week. If he can earn a dollar let
him try, fairly aud faithful, the ex-
periment of living ou ninety cents.
Ho will like it.
'•Peoplewill laugh." Let'em laugh.
"They 'II call me stingy;" better be
called stingy than say you do not
pay. your debts. "They will won-
der why 1 do not have better furni-
ture, live in a finer house, aud at-
tend concerts and play 'houses."-—
Let them Wonder for a while it won't
hurt you. By and by you can have
a fiue house and fino furniture of
your own, and they will wonder
again, and como billing and cooing
aroumP you like so many pleased
foolsj, Try the experiment.
within.your means.
Live
Be Pleasant,—Do bo pleasant—
why cah't you? Will you feel any
better for snapping, snarling or
growling? You know you won't.—
If your heart was really a dirty
dish, and ugly emotions and cross
words were the uncleanlihess, it
would be a good plan to ggt them
all out as fast as possible; but, un-
fortunately, there can be no such
sudden clean&ing of a man's interi-
ior. The more objectionable stuff
he tbrowfe out the more thero grows
to replace it; 'tis only smothering
and choking that suits this case.—
Speak pleasantly, then, especially
to the people in any respect beneath
you, whether they be inferior to vóu
iu rank, learning, powor or age,%y
be pleasant towards them whether
you really fee} good natured or not.
II you got your mouth open to throw
out a spike or a dagger shut it till
you, like the juggler, transform the
weapon into & flower. Oh, do be
kind and pleasant to everybody-and
the millouium will come at once.
and quicksilver poured over it unl
it covers the tin-foil with athicknea
h ops from its surface, the glass
b, scrupulously cleá'n, is brought
1 with the table, and pushed
, Looking Classes.
Tho manufacture of silrsted nir*
rors, us at preseut carried oa, is om
of the most curious of modern 1
The process of thus silvern
mirrors is very simple.
of tin-foil, somewhat larger than the
mirror, is laid upon a smooth tabla
witbathickMM
of one-tenth of an inch, or moro)
when the mercury has been swept
by the edge of fa stick to clean 0if
the drops Tr<
plate,
even
gently forward sideways, ao as to
slide over the bath of mercury,its
edge just dipping beneath its sor*
face, so as to push before it all In •
purities, and to exclude all air-bub*
bles Weights are thon- evenly
applied over the back of the mirror,
and the whole table inclined to snob
ah angle as to favor the drawing
off of the superfluous mercury. This
requires some days or weeks, ao*
cording to the size of the plate.-—
Here is an additional risk and cost
in largo mirrors, siuce the time con*
sumed is not small, and the dangem
of fracture. The amalgam «orne
times crystaliros, producing Imper-
fections which require the renewal
of the whole process: and the
health of those engaged iu it also
suffers, and is fiuaTly destroyed by
morcurial salivation.
Life Ilkuirattd.
111
A Quick Quarter.—A boy worked
hard all day for a quarter; he bought
apples, and took them to town and
sold them on the street for a dollar.
With the dollar ho bought asbeep.
The sheep brought him a lamb, and
the fleece brought him another dol
lar, He bought another sheep.-*
The next spring he had two sheept,
two lambs and a yearling she
The three fleeces he si"
dollars, and bought thrqe more sheep.
Ho now had bíx, with a fair prospect.
He worked where he found an op-
portunity, for hay, corn and oata,
and pasturing for his sheep. H«
took the choicest care of thorn and
soon had a flock. Théir wool ena-
bled him to buy a pasture for th«m,
and by the time he was 21 he had a
fair start in life, and all from the
quarter earned in one day.
■ S ' ;
Texas Drover Swindled.—-The
Chicago Herald says , that a man,
named Burnham, made complaint a
few days since that he had been
swindled out of $8,700, in the fol-
lowing manner: Mr. B. is a' drover
from TexaB. Some time since be
sold five hundred and twelve bead
of cattle to two men for $8,700, and
waá to receive the pay as soon as
they were slaughtered. The three
drove the cattle to Chicago in 00m*
pany, the oilier two agreeing to pay
him about the 15th of October.—
The day came and passed, aria tho
drover heard nothing from men,
or the cattle. Upon making inqui-
ries he found that they had sold tfaté
cattle to a packer and received $1,
500 in cash, and the remainder :iit
notes and drafts. ,
Ho informed City Marshal Rebu
of the circumstances, wild was suc-
cessful in arresting the two men.—*
Their names are John H. Borland
and George Dorland. A third par-
ty, having the mouey in his posses-
sion, is still at largo.'
I > S - "t ■!' ,
Mr. Walsh in one of bis late ' let"
tors to the Journal of Commerce,
says; "We may suppose the Moslem
eep.—
three
iaya;
Cilgi images to Mecca and Mediiti to
0 a prodigious physi
moral nuisance. Of the two
sical, as well as
. 4 the two hun-
dred thousand devotees of' this pre-
sent year a third at least have per-
ished by maladies, not epidemic, bat
simpjy incident to their observances
and modes 'of living during their
sojourn in the holy cities. Tbe ap-
pearance of such of tbe survivors as
returned by Egypt is described in
letters from Alexandria as wretched
in the extreme."
Hf."i
Nicaragua Cotton,—The Montgom-
ery (Ala.) Mail, 6f tbe &d inst., has
been shown a sample of the above
cotton, raised by D. 0. Gordon, of
Wilcox county. The Mail says it
bas a silky appearanoe, with ~
of extraordinary length. It
nounced by good judges to be
20 cents a pound. Mr. Gordon
ported the s«ed, which atfe qrit*
small; the cotton is e
unds
J
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41
• 1
A
and 1200 poi
yield 500 pounds
A story is told of a person askfatf
another whether he would adviae
him to land's certain friend of theirs
money\ >' "What 1 lend money I Ton
might'give him an emetic sndbD
wouldn't «turn it." • ,r 7
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Marschalk, A., Sr. The Belton Independent. (Belton, Tex.), Vol. 3, No. 29, Ed. 1 Saturday, November 27, 1858, newspaper, November 27, 1858; Belton, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth180592/m1/1/: accessed March 19, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History.