San Antonio Express. (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 50, No. 270, Ed. 1 Monday, September 27, 1915 Page: 4 of 12
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aAN ANTONIO EXPRESS: MONDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 27, 1915.
$an Antonio <f *pres&
By The Express Publishing Comrany-
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 27. 1916-
Entered in the Postoffice at Ban Antoulo,
Text*, as Second-claw Matter.
FOXKIUN BUSINESS OFFICES.
The John Budd Co. v.«
Eastern office, Burrell Building, >s
Western offices. Tribune Building. Chi-
cago, 111.; Chemical Building, St. Louis, mo-
AGENTS AND COBlUSSrONDKNTS.
Washington. 1). C.—Wlnfleld Jones. Dis
trlet National Bank Building.
Austin. Tex.—Bd 8. Newton, 112 East
Sixth Street, Drlsklll Hotel Building. Old
phone 188a ' .... . t
Traveling Agents — E. J. Elsea, A. J.
Benedic, if. L. Hauser.
Austin Business Office—E. V. C. ,
US East Sixth Street, Drlsklll Hotel Build-
ing. Old phone 1888.
terms OF subscription.
By carrier— .
Daily, 1 month r
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Sunday Edition, by mall, 0 months,
$1; 12 months
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Dally 12 months JJJ;
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The postage rates for mailing Tha
Express are as follows: ..
8 to 14 pages.. .01 52 to 64 pages.. .04
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.l«
San Antonio Express Special Newspaper
Train (service inaugurated December 15.
1905) leaves International & Great Northern
Depot at 3:20 a. m. for Austin, Taylor,
Georgetown, Hearne and Intermediate
points. This train makes all railroad con;
■tactions en route. Arrives Austin 6:W
a. m.; Taylor, 7:50 a. m.; Hearne, 10:-0
a. m. This la the longest rnn of a he**"
paper special train in the entire South,
being 162 miles, and this train Is operated
solely for the benefit of Tha San Antonio
Express.
BIO CITIES OF TEXAS — CENSUS ISIS.
SAX ANTONIO »M'«
I»allas 92.1W
Houston I?'?,*
Fort Worth.., <3,313
CIRCULATION BOOKS OPEN
TO ADVERTISERS.
tain in the only practical way a real
knowledge of the facts and circum-
stances upon which the view of the
laborer is based.
Whether Mr. Rockefeller's view of
the relations of capital and labor has
been broadened and expanded by his
personal experiences among the men
and women who make up the society
of the mining camp and whether the
result is to be an alignment on the
side of the workers in future contro-
versies between capital and labor by
the man who appears to have been
seeking the light and will have the
courage of his conviction, even at the
expense of his own pecuniary interests,
has not yet developed. It may be taken
for granted that neither side in a con-
troversy which was maintained with
such energy and at the sacrifice of so
much toll in blood and suffering
could have been wholly wrong and out-
side the pale of sympathy. There are
always two sides to a question, and
though one side may be wrong, it is
never, or hardly ever, so wrong that
it may not be amenable *o reason and
logic sympathetically applied. Mr.
Rockefeller is probably in a better po-
sition to understand that now than he
was before he undertook to inform
himself as thoroughly as It is to be
presumed he has.
Mr. Rockefeller has always been ac-
credited with such generous impulses
of the heart as incline him to generous
actions, but, as we understand the Colo-
rado situation, it is not generosity, but
justice and humanity, that was in the
scale against corporate greed, and Mr.
Rockefeller will meet every expectation
if he shall be able to see the right and
shall have the force and power to im-
press it as he sees It.
ades are intended to shut off that is
not our lookout. Anyhow, the money
of one neutral country, or one bellig-
erent, looks just as good to us as that
jf another, and the war cannot con-
tinue a great while longer without ex-
hausting the power of any one of them
to live within itself. When that time
comes the paper blockade will have no
more stability than a house of cards,
Academic Freedom
It Is Better to Give Full Trust to
College Professors in Expression
of Their Opinions.
By I)B. CHARLES F. THWINO,
(President o£ Western Reserve University,
Cleveland.)
It in OTU nf imcri. Th« college professor holds at leust four
where It stands in toe way or Amen relations: tn« first to bis students, that of
can trade and industriul interests. We
have nothing to do with the little un-
pleasantness abroad, but we have a
great deal to do with American trade
and financial interests.
THE DUMBA DELAY.
THE WAR SITUATION.
i
For the first time in many months
there is an appearance of noteworthy
activity on the western front from the
Vosgcs Alountains in Alsace-Lorraine to
the extreme northern end of the line
of entrenchments which has been main-
tained since the Kaiser's armies fell
back from the advanced position on
the River Marne.
Apparently the entente allies have
begun the long-threatened offensive
movement, but with what prospect of
vigorous prosecution can only be sur-
mised from the conflicting reports as
to initiai results as furnished from the
different angles of view of opposing
" ~ sides.
Berlin admits severe hand-to-hand
fighting in front of and even within
<-, the German trenches. The allies re-
■.-.-port the taking of trenches and im-
,v. J»rtafil gains, with »he capture
of many prisoners. But little im-
portance would attach to the violent
' bombardment, or even the bayonet
rush, which have not been unusual in
I that quarter at intervals, except for
r. the intimation that a geniral movement
|i. is under way, both by land and sea,
such as many persons have wondered
was not undertaken while the Russians
were being so sorely pressed on the
; eastern front.
! 5 At the same time that the entente
? , allies are showing more vigor in Flan-
Is ders and in the Argonne, the Russians
| are said to be giving a much better ac-
count of themselves on a portion of
> their front, especially in the sector in
el which they are reported to have re-
covered lost ground and to have taken
| great numbers of prisoners, but if any-
, thing of importance is transpiring on
j the Gallipoli Peninsula it is being
kept discreetly quiet.
t In the meantime, the agitation in the
Balkan States appears to be attracting
wider attention than the fighting on
< either front, and is probably fraught
with more consequence than the report*
ed general offensive in the west or the
rehabilitation of the Russians in the
eastern quarter.
AMERICAN RIGHTS.
A year ago, says the New York
Times, it would have seemed foolishly
unnecessary to state such an elemen-
tary fact as is quoted from the sermon
of one of the city pastors:
"We must let all the world know
that American citizenship is a sacred
thing, and its rights cannot be violated
ty any one anywhere without a reckon-
ing."
We are quite certain that many
Americans have been saying this in
somewhat varied phraseology for a
long time, especially within the past
few years, during which there have
been allegations of the violation of the
rights of American citizenship away
from home. Of course there has been
a great deal of exaggeration about the
lack of respect for the American flag
abroad and our own lack of vigor in
upholding it. But the elementary fact
to which our contemporiry calls at-
tention has to do with developments of
belligerency abroad as effecting the
dignity of neutral countries and the
rights which their citizens are sup
posed to enjoy without any reference to
the aims or purposes of the bellig-
erents.
Some of our citizens may have been
disposed to question the correctness of
the American viewpoint as to the
claims set forth in specific cases and
may have seemed to side in the wrong
direction, but none of them worthy the
name would dispute the elementary
fact voiced by the preacher as to the
need of standing up for our rights, as
a matter of protection, whenever and
wherever assailed. Even the most un-
resentful pacifist would rather be a
freeman than a slave.
Something too much of this. A re-
quest fbr the recall of the Austrian
ambassador was sent to Vienna many
days ago, and it was not such a re-
quest as should have been held up for
a moment.
The ambassador was fully advised
that he was persona non grata at
Washington and should not have been
embarrassed by the failure of his gov-
ernment to call him home at once, but
he seems to have complicated matters
somewhat by asking for a ieava of ab-
Stnce in lieu of the demanded recall.
Perhaps the effect of this was to be-
fuddle the Vienna mind as to the
status of the discredited envoy vwho
might be rehabilitated by a reprimand
and an injunction to be more cautious
in future. But whatever the Austrian
view, that seems to be more or less
disrespectful to the Washington Gov-
ernment, and whatever may be the
view of the Austrian who lags super-
fluous on the scene, the fact remains
that he is still here and that people are
still wondering what detains him.
President Wilson appears to be a
man o^ great patience and tolerance—
albeit, he has shown firmness and de-
cision on occasion—but there are in-
dications that Vienna and Dr. Dumba
have about exhausted his patience and
that he is about ready to say so. It is
not at all probable that f Ambassador
Penfield's recall had been requested
by Vienna there would have been any
delay in complying with the request.
In matters of that sort it is not usual
to parley and insist charges and speci-
fications or arbitration, even to save
the ambassador's face. Maybe the for-
eign governments will understand after
awhile that when President Wilson says
a.thing he means it, for he is not apt
to put his foot down without being
entirely, absolutely sure of the ground
upon which he plants it.
being & teacher; the second to his asso-
ciates of tho faculny, that of good fellow-
ship and common helpfulness in promot-
ing the work and the welfare of the col-
lege; the third to the legal body connnonlj
known as trustees, or regents, or corpora-
tion, a relation consisting in assenting to
the general methods and purposes which
thin body represents; and fourth, to the
public, or ppople who have, in a capacity
orgunized, founded and who really main-
tain the college. The fourth relation Is
usually made known through public speech
or through publication in either newspaper,
pamphlet or book.
These four essential relations, which are
merely touched upon, when applied or in-
terpreted, result in certain limitations; and
they also allow or promote certain lib-
erties. But beyond this narrow field, clear-
ly and commonly recognized as forbidden
ground, lies a broad domain in which are
found many subjects, economic, citii, social,
political, to which proper professional atti-
tude is not so clear or so commonly ac-
cepted. Such subjects .include all ques-
tions relative to capital and labor, trade
unionism, strikes, lockouts, taxation, forms
of government—municipal or national—lim-
itations of the size of fortunes, public or
private administration of public utilities,
liquor legislation, free trade and protec-
tion. It is a f^eld vast in extent, diverse
and complex in subject, vital, or intense
Shall China, Now Republic, Upturn
to Monarchial Form of Government?
Manifesto by Society of Peace Regarded as a
Feeler Thrown Out to Determine How Pub-
lie Would Accept Idea of an Emperor.
Full Text of Interesting Documents.
DURING, Aug. 20
tho Associated
(Correspondence of
Press).—The Asso-
tnterest to millions of people, anil of ^preat
eaT-tb,
significance to the entire people of the
A HIGHWAY COMMISSION.
I
15
t'
III
PUT YOURSELF IN itlS PLACE.
If
It may be assumed that John D.
Rockefeller is a wiser man in some re-
spects than he was before his adven-
; ture into the Colorado mines in quest
, of first-hand information about ths
11 practical workings of properties in
which he is financially interested.
in order to get the atmosphere, Mr.
Rockefeller went among the miners as
one of them, stood alongside of them
while they worked, slept in one of
their boarding houaes, ate at the same
, board with them and participated with
• them in their outdoor aports and in-
. door amusements.
*• On one occasion, when sn enter-
' tainment bad been arranged in Mr.
Rockefeller's honor, he suggested a
dance as the wind-up and joined in the
< rhythmic movements to the strains of
,the music, choosing his partner from
i among the wives and daughters and
|listers and sweethearts of the miners.
irrMB all accounts he must hsve hai
"a very pleasant time of it, for it is
be entered into the spirit of the
! frolic with genuine enthusiasm. • For
Rockefeller among the mln-
not merely with them, but of
He deuned the overalls and
"Dow* in tbe ceal viae, under-
time ground, where no ray of
ever may be feu ad," and for
taa being be vaa aet tbe capital-
CREDIT AND TRADE.
A Berlin newspaper felicitates Ger-
many upon her ability to float a mam-
moth loan at home, where the money
is to be kept, instead of going abroad
to ^enrich a foreign country.
It is a slap, of course, at the entente
allies, which are trying to obtain a
large l|ne of credit in America to en-
able them to purchase our surplus
foodstuffs and manufactured products
that they need in their business
In their present isolation Germany
and her allies are unable to trade with
foreign countries, except such as are
near neighbors, and it has been as-
serted that this is somewhat to their
advantage in that, being thrown en-
tirely on their own resources, there is
greater inoentive to enterprise and in-
dustry in supplying home needs at
home and thus keeping st home the
money thst might otherwise find em-
ployment elsewherer As the Berlin
paper puts it: "The money remains in
the country, and moving in an endless
circle, will enable Germany to float
still other loane, while her .<nemies are
obliged to enrich neutral countries."
It is our misfortune that the ex-
igencies of war have not only cut us
off from trade with the central powers,
which, in time of peace, has been to
cur mutusl advantage and profit, bu:
even make it difficult, if not impossible
for these allies to patronize our money
lenders to snv considerable extent, if
they were minded to do so. But things
may not go on eo to the end. Paper
blockades may not prove to be euch
substantial thinga as they have ap-
peared to be up to this time. We have
got stuff to sell and we are going to
aell it to customers wbo have a right
to buy. If, aftmrards, the staff fiads
to eb- its way to purchasers that the akek-
It is possible that Congress will, at
its next session, appropriate a sum of
money approximating $25,000,000 for
rural post roads, to be distributed
throughout the country in the interest
of the rural postal routes.
The bill which has been prepared for
introduction in the House is said to
be so worded that no part of the ap-
propriation would be allotted to any
State which has not a highway com-
mission, and Texas happens to be one
of the half dozen States that are in
that fix.
At the same time it is worthy of
note that Texas has a post road be-
tween San Antonio and Austin, built
partly at the expense of the Federal
Treasury, and there is, probably, great
er activity in good roads building in
this State at present than in any other
State in the Union. Road building in
Texas has reached such important pro-
portions as to necessitate expert di-
rection under the authority of the
State, and to that end it would seem
to be advisable for the State to create
and maintain a State highway com-
mission, as most other States have.
Of course the fact that the Federal
appropriation suggested is to be di-
vided only among such States as have
a highway commission furnishes an
added inducement, but, independent of
anv such considerations, the State
should manifest a livelier interest 1n
public roads improvement in the fu-
ture than it has ^n the past.
A State highway commission would
not be a severe tax on the public rev-
enues and it might be a great help
and savjug to the counties and road
improvement districts which are spend-
ing money freely for* the betterment of
public highways in accordance with
popular demand and modern needs.
To these subjects what should be the at-
titude of a college teacher'/ Is It proper
for him to speak or write publicly upou
them?
In answer, let it be said, first, that It
would be indeed among the greatest of all
misfortunes for a world needing light
upon such complex and serious subject*,
were it denied any light from any source
whatsoever. The world sorely needs all the
light It can get. It Is Indeed in semi-dark-
ness. It would also be a serious misfor-
tune for the college professor, student of
these problems, were he denied, for any
reason, the opportunity of giving any In-
terpretation or analysis or instruction upon
proDlems so vital, serious and complex.
It Is also to be said, secondly, that a
professor discussing these problems, vast
and vital, is never to forget thst in each
Sresentation, in classroom or public ad-
ress, or article, he bears a relation to at
least three important bodies. He is mak-
ing a presentation which should promote In
his students thoughtfulness and in his as-
sociates of the faculty and of tho corpo-
ration general assent to his position and
shall give to the public the impression of
, honesty, intellectual soundness, sincerity
and high Idealism. He Is to avoid, as he
woulil poison, any Intimation of rashness,
narrowness, excessive individualism cap-
tlousness or passion. His whole attitude
is to be that of a man who is seeking for
the truth, who recognizes that truth, al-
though sought for ever so eagerly, is hard
to find, who also appreciates the fact that
he is a member of a college association in
which unity and intellectual sympathy have
primary worth in securing the ideals for
which a college stands.
It Is also to be said, thirdly, that if the
college professor is seeking to make his
students adherents of a narrow partisan-
ship, and not large and thoughtful men, if
be is unable to unite In the great purposes
for which his college was founded if he
is also unable to draw his share of the aca-
demic load, prancing when he should pull
and going back in the breeching when he
should help to keep the tugs tight, he, as
a gentleman, has only one course open to
himself—and that is of his own accord to
offer his resignation. The resignation
thus offered may or may not be accepted
by the growing boards, but that it should
be offered seems to me to be the proper
rule of personal and academic courtesy.
But, further, and possibly yet more im-
portant, what should be the conduct of the
governing hoards tinder'such conditions?
First, governing •boards should treat this
condition with patience, and If it be pos-
sible, even with a sense of humor. They
should have large regard for personal idio-
syncrasies. They should take the long
look. They should remember that the aca-
demic road is a very long road, and that
one or two wanderings from It are not to
be regarded with too great severity. They
elated Press cable dispatches Qt August
10, disclosing that the project of a snlft
back to a monarchial form of government
was under discussion in China, may now
be elaborated with the full text of inter-
esting documents bearing on the matter.
Although President Yuan Shl-kal has
den'ed that he desires to be Kmperor, and
several of his prominent supporters have
authorized the statement that the President
would decline the imperial title if it were
offered to him, China is still stirred by the
extent to which the monarchial movement
has gained headway. Tbe manifesto pub-
lished on August 16 by the "(Society for
Peace," advocating the restoration of. the
monarchy, and signed by Ysng Tu, head
of the Hankow Development Plan, snd oth-
er prominent supporters of Yuan Shl-kal,
is generally regarded by Chinese of all
parties as a feeler thrown out to determine
now the public would accept the Idea of
an Emperor. Id some high quarters, both
Chinese and foreign. It is believed that If
no revolution or danger of revolution de-
velops, Yuan Shl-kal will worship heaven
a» the Kmperor of China before another
»ear.
For months previous to the appearance
of tbe above mentioned manifesto there
had been a quiet campaign conducted In
Peking and other cities for ths establish-
ment of a monarchy. The manifesto itself,
as translated from the Chinese by the
Peking Gazette, reads us follows:
"During the revolution of 1911 the racial
Prejudices of our people were so aroused
hat their attention was entirely concen
trated on the removal of a certain section
of the population, and they did not give
the least consideration to the future polit-
ical affairs of the country. They hastily
adopted tbe republican form of government
without weighing carefully Its suitability
for this country. When a proposal to this
effect was made by a few people, others
followed blindly without further question-
ing its advisability. The far-sighted peo-
ple at that time foresaw the danger and
trouble to the future of the country, but
to prevent dissension and other troubles,
which would have further endangered the
existence of the .country, were compelled
to accept this proposal, though reluc-
tantly.
"Since the abdication of the Tslng Im-
perial House, followed by a period of an-
archy, the regime of the provisional gov-
ernment and finally the establishment of
the present governnment, there have been
numerous crises in the government and
many unspeakable sufferings of the peo-
ple, which are still fresh In the memory
of every class of our people. If a proper
measure Is not devised to remedy the sit-
uation there will be endless trouble in this
country. _
"In such countries as Argentina, Peru,
Chile and other republics In South and
Central America, party feuds have been the
order of the day, and such quarrels fre-
quently culminated In civil war. In Por-
tugal the recent change of government
from a monarchy to a republic has been
immediately followed by deadly internecine
etrife, and the worst case of all Is In Mex-
ico. Since the abdication of Diss that
country has been seething with civil strife
till the rresent day. Their party leaders
have struggled for supremacy with one an-
other with military forces. When they
win they occupy the land and when they
are defeated they never scruple to commit
looting, incendiarism and massacre. As we
are a newly established republic, we should
take Mexico as our object lesson.
"The United States of America is the
senior republic of the world and her great
istudent of politics, Dr. Goodnow, has
stated that a monarchy Is a better form
of government than republicanism and,
according to his opinion, a monarchial form
of government Is inost Indispensable at
present for China. This view has been
shared bv not * few notable scholars of
other countries. As Dr. GoOdnow Is a citi-
zen of a republic, he Is more competent to
make such a statement than others His
words are: 'The conditions are different
in China and America, and It Is Impossible
to transplant one system from one country
to another.' If foreigners who are in sym-
athv with China have so openly and loud-
a most bloody character In Mexico have
maiie a great Impression upon tbe mind of
both Chinese and foreigners, who now be-
gin to pay attention to the advantages
and disadvantages which will accrue from
the newly established republican form of
government. Being in this oosltion, 1 only
care for the organization at a republican
form of government and shall refrain from
any proposal other than this.
" 'A few days ago a certain doctor inter-
viewed me and gave me an exhaustive dis-
sertation on the advantages and disad-
vantages to the country a corning from
both the monarchial and republican forms
of government. I answered him that, being
a President of the republic, I was not In
a position to discuss these questions. The
fundamental principle underlying repub-
licanism is to collpct the thoughts. Ideas
and the abilities of the majority of the
people in order to work for the happiness
and well-being of the majority of the peo-
ple. Judging by this, the organization of
such a /society to discuss this question Is
not in conflict with republican principles.
Then In wfcat way can the government In-
terfere with them?
" 'On more than one occasion I have
made my Intention known to the public. I
care neither for the scepter of • monarch
nor ths office of a President The desire
tor a life of retirement haunts my memory.
No matter what views are entertained by
those who participate In the discussion
of this question, I have no cause to fear
that I should be suspected by the public.
Individually, I have my person, my fam-
ily, my estates and my relatives, and what
I wish Is peace and happiness for tbem. I
cannot leave them in neglect. As to the
people of the country, they also have their
person, their family, their property and
their relatives. It is qutte reasonable for
them to discuss the best method which,
will Insure them permanent peace and hap
piness, as It concerns their vital Interests.
Moreover, this question concerns the life
and death of 400,000,000 people and, since
Pv laid before us their unprejudiced views
should be. as tbey usually are, most con- , we pi,opie 0[ china leave everything
siderate. Trustees are also not to forget the j t fatP r'a|Kine Dot a band to find a funda-
serlousuess of the removal of a professor. solution for tbe Important prob-
The action is serious to the man himself, , where is your patriotism? Where
whose career may thus be permanently '
blighted and whose family may suffer. The
removal Is also serious for the college it-
self, for It Is thus brought Into unpleas-
ant notoriety. If necessary, of course a
college will bear it, but if not necessary It
should seek to avoid them.
Most important of all, It is to be said,
In any particular Instance, and ns a gen-
eral rule of action, that trustees should
give to professors the general right to say
what thev want to say, and ss they want
to say It. It Is to be assumed thst pro-
fessors in the American college are gen-
tlemen. It Is better, be It affirmed, to give
full trust to professors, even if now and
then a single one may prove himself un-
worthy, tbau to subject all the members
of a faculty to suspicion. A college which
has the name of directly or Indirectly for-
bidding freedom of speech Is unable to se-
cure first-rate teachers.
In general. It should be ssld that the
relation of a professor to his college, and
of a college to the professor. Is to be In-
terpreted In terms of humanity. Legal
rights, legal obligations, should have no
part In such an arrangement. All parties
should seek to give not merely Justice, but
mercy, and to be willing also, to accept of
these two great qualities as tney are exer-
cised in academic administration.
-O—
WHAT EXPRESS FILES
TELL OF YEARS AGO
A bale of cotton is worth about $5
more today than it was when the allies
declared the stsple contraband of war.
The cotton market has been steadily
advancing since the contraband order.
The Legislature of Alabama, which
has just adiourned, had been in ses-
sion nine months, though critics say
that all it did could have been done
just as well in nine weeks, with about
five weeks of thst time to spsre.
Perhsps if Bulgaria would give bond
Roumania
Bulgaria
Thirty-five Tears Ago Today—1880.
The street car drivers of New Orleans
are trying to form a union.
♦ ♦ ♦
It is ssid Memphis pays a higher price
for gas than any other city In America.
» ♦ ♦ •
Ninety thousand nine hundred and Xllty
dollars have been subscribed to the Cin-
cinnati art museum.
♦ ♦ ♦
The statue of Robert Burns Is finished
snd will be unveiled In Central Park, .New
York, In October next, with grand cere-
mony.
♦ ♦ ♦
Bible societies of New Jersey celebrated
the five hundredth nunlversary of Wlck-
llff's translation of the Bible Into English,
on the 21st.
♦ « »
Gathered flounces will be much worn
this fall.
♦ ♦ ♦
The recent floods to the north of us
hsve Interrupted work on the International.
♦ ♦ ♦
Paul Wagner loaned the ladles' fair a
quantity of plates and other dishes, anil
Ixiut' Wagner presented s large and val-
uable bust of Ptlnce Bismarck, which was
profitably sold Alt ogether, the l|ouse of
Wsgner gsv* the ladles much assistance
♦ ♦ ♦
A F. Miles has returned from his tonr
to Mexico, as one of tbe Shepherd party.
♦ ♦ ♦
Tbe English ladles In Portugsl ha*«
adopted a lswn tennis coslume with some
Moorish features, .onslstlng of trovsers,
laced at ths aukle. s sleeveless, bright-
colored, square bodlee, and a loose skirt
to the knee.
is vour duty as a cltisen to the country, tf
you, for fear of adverse criticism or other
dsngcrs, reinsln silent and indecisive.
"We are the people of this country, the
prosperity or decline of this country is
nothing less than the prosperity or decline
of ourselves. Therefore we cannot bear to
sfc silent and see the country being oblit-
erated without making any attempt to
save It. We have, therefore, gathered a
number of our sympathisers and started
rhls society with a view of devUlnjr means
for keeping peace In this country. We shall
each give our views concerning the future
of our country and the advantages and dis-
advantages accruing from the republican
form of government for general discussion
There sre not a few wise and far-sighted
people In this country, and If they are kind
enough to condescend to Join us In the dls
cusslon of these points we ahall extend
them our heartiest welcome. . '
Yang Tu. Sun Tu-yun, Yen Fob, Liu Shlh-
PeThe extonf to which Xu.,n
back of or was Interested in the promotion
of this msnlfesto Is still a mstter of spec-
ulation. An evidently Insplredartlclehow
ever, recently appeared In the
;>ers in the following form. PUrportlng to
give the words of President inan Bhl-
Kfll *
STATEMENT OF THE PRESIDENT.
"Ai an audience with the President a
certain high official of the government
remarked that lately a certain class of
people hail promoted the Chou An Huel
(•Ponce Society1) to discuss the question
of the monarchial form of government, and
the latter asked the President whether the
government ought to take any steps to In-
terfere with the movement.
"The President replied: Within recent
years, although there has not been a so
<iotv orgtnlied or ft mating h«ld to dls
cuss this question, yet such reports have
so frequently reacned tay ears that they
now no longer attract my attentionl Since
the outbreak of the European war the con-
ventlonal views of the whole
undergone ft mrwt cbango. Party feuds of
to keep the peace Greece and Roumania j " ,b* wml"
would keep quiet, but if
ahould shy her castor into the ring,
the whole region from the Mediter-
ranean Sea to the Austria- Hungary
border would bo ablaze in a little while
and there would not be enough neu-
trality left in Europe la initiate a peace
proposal fvr belUgaMnt consideration.
Fifteen TfSra Ag* Tsfar-lM.
A legstion guard Is all that will I* Kft
of the 1'nited States troops now In Peklu.
t'ncle Ssm gave the usual two weeks' no-
tice before Wlthdrsnlng
e e e
Captains Jack Burke of the Slayden
Rifles and Gus NlfgM of Company G con-
ferred with Pndint Brown of the Fair
Association resterday morning regarding
tbe Batter of gtvtaig exhibition drills oa
oreover, this question concerns the life
.Jd death of 400,000,000 people and, since
I have been entrusted by the people with
the responsibility of the presidential office,
how can I Interfere with such a movement,
merely for the reason that such a move-
ment would tend to misrepresent me to the
public as a person who entertains some
doubtful and suspicious ambition, wblle in
realltv I have neither Intention nor aspl
ration for the same. We may regard such
j movement as a matter exclusively belong-
ing to the learned class. If It does not tend
to disturb the order of the country there
Is no necessity for the government to take
measures to Interfere with It.'" _ ,,
One other Interesting document follow-
ing the manifesto Is the full statement by
l)r. Frank J. Goodnow, president of Johns
Hopkins University, who is one of the for-
pign advisers of Yuan Shl-kai, setting forth
what was actually his memorandum to the
President of China on the subject of es-
tablishing a monarchv. The statement
fills a page and a half in the Chinese news-
papers, or about five columns in English
newspaper type.
DR. GOODNOW'S POSITION.
Dr. Goodnow begins by saying: "The
determination in a given country of the
form of government established therein
has seldom, if ever, been the result of the
conscious choice of the people of that
country or even the choice of its most in-
telligent classes. The establishment on
th» one hand of a monarchy or on the
othv>r hand of a republic, has in almost all
instances been due to influences almost
beyond human control. The former his-
tory of the country, its traditions, its so-
cial and economic conditions, all have
either favored the form of government
which has been adopted or, In case the
form of government at first adopted has
not been in harmony therewith, have soon
brought It about that that form is re_
placed by one which Is better suited to the
country's needs.
"In other worda, the form of govern-
ment which a country usually poeaeaseft u
for the moat part determined by the neces
aitlen of practical life. Among the con-
tributing causes which fix form of gov-
ernment, one of the most Important is
force. Almost all monarchies thus owe
their origin in last analysis to the ex-
ertions or some one man who has been
able to organize the material power of
the country in such a way as to over-
come sll competitors. If he has fble sons
or male relatives, If he has ruled wisely
and If the conditions of the country have
been such as to favor monarchial rule,
he may be able to establish a dynasty
which will during a long period success-
fully govern the country.-'
Dr. Goodnow then goes on to explain
the satisfactory arrangement for proper
succession on the death of the King of
Enirland; he gives a resume of conditions
which led to the establishment of the Re-
public of the United States; he tills of the
French Republic; he describes bow Cen-
tral and South American Republics at-
tempted to Imitate the French snd Amerl
can Republics, some with a measure of
success, but frequently with disaster.
He then says: "Little hope may be en-
tertained of a auccessful solution of the
question of presidential succession In a
country where the intelligence of the peo-
ple is not high and where the people.do
not acquire political- wisdom by staring in
the exercise of political power under some
form of constitutional government. Where
such conditions do not exist a republican
form of government—that is, a govern-
ment In which the executive is not heredi-
tary—generally leads to the worst possible
form of government, namely, that of the
military dictator. The best that can be
hoped for under auch a system Is periods
of peace alternating with perloda of dis-
order during which the rival claimants for
political power are striving among them-
selves for the control of the government.
"At the -resent time. It may further
be remarked. It Is very doubtful whether
the great pow'is of the European world
will permit the government of the mili-
tary dictator permanently .to exist. If It
con'tluues to be acccomnanled by the dis-
order which has been Its accident In the
past. The economic Interests of the Euro-
pean
henslve, European capital and European
throw of the Manchus to be the only altern-
ative available.
"It cannot, therefore, he doubted tliat
China has during the lust few years bssa
attempting to Introduce constitutional gov-
ernment under less favorable auspices than
would have been tho case hail tlu re been
a royal family present which the people
regarded with respect and to which tbey
were loyal. The great problem of the
presidential succession would seem still
to be solved. The present arrangement
cannot be regarded as satisfactory. When
the present president lays down the carea
of office there Is great danger that the
difficulties which are usually iucldent to
the succession In countries conditioned
as Is China will present themselves. The
attempt to solve these difficulties may lead
to disorders which if long continued may
seriously imperil the independence or tna
country. •
"What under the conditions should he
the attitude of those who have the wnl-
fare of China at heart? Should they ad-
vocate the contlnuauce of the retublic or
should they propose the establishment of
a monarchy?
"These are difficult questions to answer.
It Is, of course, not susceptible of doubt
that a monarchy is better suited than a
republic to China. China's history and
traditions, her social and economic condi-
tions, her relatious with foreign powers
all make it probable that the country
would develop that constitutional govern-
ment which it must, develop If it is to
preserve Its Independence as a State, more
easily as a monarchy than as a republic.
CHANGE TO A MONARCHY.
"But it is to be remembered that the
change from a republic to a monarchy can
be successfully made only on the follow-
ing conditions:
"1. That the change does not meet
with such opposition either on the part of
the Chinese people or of foreign powers
as will lead to the recurrence of the dis-
orders which tbe present republican gov-
ernment has successfully put down. The
present peaceful conditions of the country
should on no account be imperiled.
"2. The change from republic to mon-
archy would be of little avail if the law
of succession is not so fixed that there
will be no doubt as to tbe successor. The
succession should not be left to the crown
to determine, for the reasons which have
already been set forth at length. It Is
probably, of course, ttue that the author-
ity of an emperor would be more respect-
ed than the authority of a president. The
people have been accustomed to an em-
peror. Tbey hardly know what n presi-
dent is. At the same time it would seem
doubtful if the increase of authority re-
sulting from the change from president ti>
emperor would be sufficient to justify the
change, if the question of tbe succession
were not so securely fixed as to permit
of no'doubt. For this is the one greatesd
advantage of the monarchy over tbe re-
D^UCtt Is very doubtful wbethar the
change from republic to monarchy would
be of any lasting benefit to China, if pro-
vision is not made for the development
under the monarchy of some form of con-
stitutional government. If China Is to take
her proper place among natious greater
patriotism must be developed among the
people and the government must Increase
In strength in order to resist foreign ag-
gression. Her people will never develop
the necessary patriotism unless they ara
given greater participation in the govern-
ment than they have had in the past. Tha
government never will acquire the neces-
sary strength unless it has the cordial sup-
port of the people. This it will not havu
unless again the people feel that they
have a part of the government. They
must In some way be brought to thinlc
of the government as an organization
which Is trying to benefit them and ove»
whose actions they exercise some con-
trol.
San Antonio Day at tha Fair.
" thi
tt was ile
elded to hold the drillsi In front of the
grandstand on tbe race track at 1 o cloc*
In the afternoon of tbat day.
♦ ♦ ♦
City of Mexico—Tha official raanlt of
the presidential election was made public
In the Chamber of Depnttea today by the
revising board of returns, and it appeira
that the elections on July 9 last resulted
In th unanimous choice
tbe number of electors voting being 17,091.
♦ ♦ ♦
Colonel Meyer Halff. who returned . few
daya ago from a trip to hla Midland ranch,
was seen vesterday by an Expreas reporter
and stated tbat he wne needing rain some
out there when be left, hut w»s »ot suf
ferlng particularly.
♦ ♦ ♦
The Dentscher Krieger Vereln wlll give
a theatrical performance and ball at
Beethoven Hall on October 28.
♦ ♦ ♦
Dr Arthur S. McDaatel baa retarned
from bis European tonr.
A number of callera at tbe Ctty Engl
neer's office Wedneeday Inspected the snc
eessfn! building plan for tbe Carnegie
Library
♦ ♦ ♦
A monster rattlesnake was en exhibition
at Kalteyer A Sons' drug store yeaterday
morning Tbe snake was killed by Dr.
Meng»r on the Leon Creek white It was
In the act of swallowing a rabbit, oa
Tuesday
e » e
Tnlted States Marshal Stebiecht leeeea
for El Paeo next Saturday, where he will
attend a session of the Federal C'aart.
e e ♦
Ernest nitasllae of tbls city, natll re-
cently a member of Company D. Tlitrty
third Infantry, has arrived at San Man-
rteco on tha transport Great. *
have become so widespread In their rami-
fications tbat the governments of tbe
foreign countries interested, although car
lng little what may be the form of govern-
ment adopted by the nations with which
they deal, are more and more Inclined to
insist, where they have the power, that
conditions of peace shall be maintained
In order that they may receive what
they consider to be the proper returns on
their Investments. This Insistence they
are more and more liable to carry to
tbe point of aetual destruction of the
political Independence of offending nations
and of direct administration of tt-elr gov-
ernment If this is necessary to the at-
tainment of the ends desired.
CHINA AND OTHER COUNTRIES.
"It la therefore becoming less and less
likely that countries will be permitted in
the future to work out their own salva-
tion through disorder and revolution. ««
may have been tbe case during the past
century with some of the South Ameri-
can countries. Under modern conditions
conntrlea must devise some method of gov-
ernment under which peace will be main-
tained or they will have to aubmlt to for-
eign control.
Whether the conditions which bave been
set forth as necessary for such a changa
from republic to monarchy as lias been
suggested are present, must, of course,
be determined by those who both know
the country and are respenesible for its
future development. If these conditions
are present there can be little doubt thac
the change would be of benefit to tha
country."
COMMENT OF NEWSPAPERS.
Still another phase of the situation l<
the comment that has been aroused oa
the part of the Peking newspapers. The
Oazette, discussing editorially the mani-
festo of the Society for Peace, accepts the
w„rl,. document somewhat suspiciously, as do
ment which a country usually possesses la other Chinese newspapers. Tbe Gazetta
. »ays. in part: .
"We venture to auggest for the consid-
eration Of the Society for Peace the neces-
sity of looking at this grave question
from the double view of Internal peace
and foreign opinion and possible action.
It Is not to be doubted that if the honor-
able men who aie associated with the So-
cletv for Peace were convinced thst. a mon-
archial form of restoration In China would
cut at tbe very roots of internal peace and
order in the country and expose us to tha
not Improbable application of tho Japan-
ese doctrine of political tutelage, they
would be the first of our sagacious patriots
to condemn the great change that Is now
the object of their policy.
"And, knowing the country as they must,
is there anv reason to believe tbat the
extinction of the republic on tbe morrow
of tbe Japanese coup, with all Its brutal-
Itv and humiliation and the sinister rumors
ss to Its origin, would not stir the coun-
try—particularly the south—In ways that
might prove disastrous and fatal to a
strong and united China'? And then
what about the promise which we as a
nation gave to America and tbe otbet
great powers of the world? We have de-
clared to them that this country shall ba
ruled as a republic; snd It Is certain that,
unless tbe mandate of the nation Is clea>
on the subject, any reversal of tbat declara-
tlon will be resented by America, even
though the theoretical basis of It rests
on the alleged dictum of a distinguished
American."
AUTUMN
There is a quality in the air that conies
only witii autumn, a sharp coolness with
the stltiMtt. a irtsr. frosty flavor at •u'l-
lee A* night the stars shine more bright-
V from ii skv of luminous purple. There
llie sunset
rl
lV item i, ■'' — i : i
Is comfort in blankets, a new quality ot
soundness In rleep.
Against tue pale blue of the sky tha
.... *nrlnie
tree's are cor trusting an increasing variety
of color Tue green of the leaves is dar„»r
aud dashed with pale yellow, ruddy gu.d.
crimson aud the deep red of the swamp
growths. There is a pungent smell of
bonfires in the air.
West of the village the flat reaches of
the slough a.-e tawny where the reapers
have passed, lrjt green still marks the
boundaries of field and pasture. A pool
of water catches it sudden blue from above;
vcllow haystacks rise abruptly from tha
marsh lands, there is a soft haze which
dims the horizon. .....
Fragrant spicy -odors of drying
and leaves and moist earth are on tha
breeze. There Is a noisy chatter of birds
gathering for their lone flight. In a few
weeks 1 shall hear the wild geese calling
through the nlgat as they fly low in from
"h/a cloudless sky the sun sets abruptly
In a flame of gold; the yellow afterglow
fades fioin the deepening blue a sudden
chili rl-es <rom the marshland and the mist
• reeps out from the darkening trees. With
mv feet ringing on the hard road t walk
liuine to dinner and a book before an open
fire of fragrant logs.—Joseph Husband la
the Trimmed I.amp^
Stabbing Affray at Bryan.
special Telegram to The Eipress.
BRYAN. Tex. Sept. In a difficulty
here late yesterday afternoon between K.
'■The question naturally presents itself— : n Knowles and son, Roscoe Knowles, on
How do these considerations affect the I one side and R D. Dehart and sons. ^am
present political situation In China? j and Anton, on the other, Roscoe Knowles
"China la a country which has for cen- > was cut and stabbed In the body
now In a serious condition.
The Deharts were allowed bond In tne
sua of each.
turies been accustomed to autocratic rule.
The intelligence of tbe great mass of Its
people la not bigh, owing to the lack of
achoola. Tbe Chinese have never been ac-
corded
government.
«erded much participation In tbe work of
governtaent. The result la tbat tbe politi-
cal capacity of tha Chlneaa people is not
larte. The chance from autocratic to re-
publican government made fonr stars ago
was too violent to permit tbe entertain-
ment of any very strong hope* of Its
Immediate success Had the Tslng dynasty
not been an alien rule, which it had long
been the wish of tbe Chinese people to
overthrow, there can be little doubt that It
would have been better to retain the
dynastv in power and gradually to In-
troduce constitutional government In ac-
cordance with tbe plans outlined by tbe
commission appointed for this purpose.
But the hatred of alien rule made this Im-
possible and tbe establishment of a re-
pibHc aaeased at the time ef the a
Mothers' Club Organized,
■eeclsl Telegrsm i
KERRVILI.E.
opening
em to The Express
Tex.. kept. 2*1—Since tba
of tbe present term of Tivy
rmsnent orgsnliation of tbe
School a permanent organization oi ine
Kerrville Mothers' Club wss effected. The
officers are: Mrs. I,ee Wallace president;
Mrs. W. A Fawcett. vice president: Mrs.
Herman Sehulze. secretary; Mr«. D. H.
Comparette. treasure^
Pwtafflta Re-established.
Special Telegram io The Express.
LOCKHART. Tex.. Sept. -Union
Springs Oo st office, which was ordered dis-
continued some weeks ago. hss been re-
established end mail for tbat plsi-e wtll M
put off at Dale tnetead ef UckMli
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San Antonio Express. (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 50, No. 270, Ed. 1 Monday, September 27, 1915, newspaper, September 27, 1915; San Antonio, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth432688/m1/4/?q=%22United%20States%20-%20Texas%20-%20Bexar%20County%22: accessed April 25, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Abilene Library Consortium.