The Galveston Daily News. (Galveston, Tex.), Vol. 38, No. 241, Ed. 1 Monday, December 29, 1879 Page: 4 of 4
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COTTOK
HAVE FACILITIES
IN
Own Five Warehouses, with Capacious
Platforms—30,000 Bales Capacity.
COM® BY SWITCH Willi RAILROiD.
cars inioad at books.
N O I) R A Y AGE.
Independent of Press Monopolies—Low-
est Tariff of Charges—Orders are
Strictly Obeyed — Satisfac-
tion is Guarantee;!.
are confident of our ability to please
and invite visitors to inspect and
satisfy themselves of ad-
vantages offered.
From GO to SO Cents Per Bale
SAVED,
IF COTTON IS HELD 3 TO 4 MONTHS.
TEXAS
The Wool interest in the state has increased re-
markably during the last four years. The increase
was fully fifty percent. Texas is now ranging the
third Wool-growing state in the union, and if we
shall not have immigration impeded we venture to
say that in five years hence we shall equal Califor-
nia. Western Texas is especially adapted for
Sheep-raising. Wool-growing is a most vital in-
terest for the welfare of the country. Wherever
Sheep-raising predominates it gives great strength
to all business interests. But a few years ago the
Wool interest was in its infancy.
T. H. Zanderso.v has contributed a large share to
the success of the present state Wool trade.
mr. Zanderson has offices at San Antonio and at
this point—C. O. Hcubard, General Manager.
His purchases last year reached about two and a
kalf million pounds. Mr. Zanderson has bought
for one manufacturing institution one and a quarter
million pounds.
Cat-ill & Co.,
COTTON FACTORS.
also
wool, hides m mm produce.
HOUSTON, TEXAS.
john d. rogers.
J. A. ROBERTSON
John 1). Rogers & Co.,
COTTON FACTORS
AND
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
(Insurance Building)
no. 61 STRAND, GALVESTON, TEXAS.
chas. kkllner. w. .1. frederics.
J. Frederick & Kellncr,
COTTON F A C T O K .1
AND
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
GALVESTON, TEXAS.
Office: Corner Mechanic and 22d streets.
P. J. WILLIS & BRO.,
GALVESTOX.
Moody & Jemison,
COTTON FACTOKS
and
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
GALVESTON.
Win. Hendlcy & Co.,
MISSION IMMIS
Cotton and Wool Factors,
GALVESTON.
J. M. B1LODOX,
GALVESTON.
f.. a. brown.
k. s. fl.int.
R. A. BROWN & CO.,
COTTON FACTORS
and
(;ALVES'fO>.
receivers of and dealers in
Provisions, Flour, Grain, Sugar
and Western Produce.
JULES ALBERT,
PiMCE MISSION IliCIl®,
' HOUSTON, TEXAS,
Solicits consignuiants of Country Produce.
Make s prompt and faithful returns.
Park, Lynch & Co.,
AUCTIONEERS
and
\
Consignments of general merchandise solicited.
ii \ LVESTON.
Sydnor & Binkelaker,
AUCTIONEERS
And Commission Merchant's
111 A: 11 3 Treoiont St., Galveston,
solicit consignments of General .Merchandise. Lib-
eral advances. Job Lots all kinds of goods onhand
at. private sale, to which we ask attention of mer-
chants.
rr
HI! HOTEL,
Galveston, Texas.
THE LEADING HOTEL OP TEXAS,
AND MOST ELEGANTLY APPOINTED IS THE SOUTHWEST-
UNSt'KP FOR TABLE AT-
TENDANC-K AND HOME-LIKE
CO n FORT.
The Only First-Class Hotel in the City.
BATES $3 PER DAY.
SPECIAL RATES made by the WEEK or MONTH.
(- ^O. McGIIN .
xmuw if
uUuii'U lUii llU l Li Lit
N: WHITE. PROP'ESS,
\iont and Mechanic Sts.,
iton, Texa*.
*of any First-Clssi Hotel in
ESDENHEiMER BROS.,
Wholesale Grocers
AND
IMPORTERS OF
SALT-SWISS MILK.
ENGLISH ALES AND DUBLIN STOUT.
FRENCH WINES AND BRANDIES.
TEAS—AND OTHER FOREIGN GOODS.
Our advantages for purchasing fn FOREIGN
MARKETS, and the facilities we possess in'import-
ing DIRECT IN OUR OWN VESSELS, enable us
to offer
GREATER INDUCEMENTS TO THE
TRADE OP TEXAS
than can be presented by any other port in the
United States, with the further advantage of a
closer base of supplies and more liberal terms.
OUR STOCKS OF
STAPLE AND FANCY
K
are complete in every particular
buying from first hands, and having
buyers at all seasons in the principal
markets of the world, give us Facilities
SECOND TO NO HOUSE
in our line.
We respectfully ask your patronage, refer
ring to our many customers in this, as well as our
neighboring States—Louisiana, Kansas, Arkansas,
and the Indian Territory.
STRmoN&ce,
111
UilLHJ
and
LIQUOR DEALERS,
Have one of the Largest and most Complete
Stocks of Groceries
in the south, to which the attention of
BIS IS SOLICITED.
Orders Filled with Care at
LOWEST MARKET MIES.
168, 170, 172, 174 Strand.
IMPORTERS,
m
Liquor Dealers,
Constantly on hand:
Staple and Fancy Groceries,
CAN «OOS)S,l
COFFEES,
CI-3 AinPAG\ES ANI) WITV ES.
SiiA^OIES AND LIQLORS,
CIGARS,
TOBACCOS,
WOODEN WARE,
Kuts, Candies, Fruits, Etc.
«& ruj
importers of
mi»
u
GROCERS, FACTORS,
and
Commission Merchants,
galveston, texas.
Marx & Iiempner,
IMPORTERS,
WHOLESALE GROCERS
and
COTTON FACTORS,
GALVESTON.
P. J. WILLIS & BRO.
importers and wholesale dealers in
GROCERIES,
LIQUORS, ETC.,
GALVESTON.
LE CHEESE & CO.,
importers and wholesale dealers in
GROCERIES,
LIQUORS, ETC.,
GALVESTON.
G. H. MESSING & 15510.,
COTTON FACTORS
AND
General Commission Merchants,
CORNER STRAP AND CENTER STREETS,
galveston.
GEO. 0. CHERRY & CO.,
PRODUCE AND GRAIN
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
105 Trenoot Street,
GALVESTON, TEXAS.
Correspondsnce and Consignments Solicited.
R. B. HAWLEY & CO.,
Geo. Schneider & Co.,
(Estalblislied in 1855)
WHOLESALE GROCERS AND LI® DEALERS.
STATE AGENTS FOR
HOSTETTER'S STOIttACB SITTERS,
strand, galveston.
n. C. LANGE.
GUS. LEWV.
Lange, Lewy & w,
Wholesale Grocers
AND
IMPORTERS,
Strand, - ■ GALVESTON,
Wallis, Landes & Co.,
(Established in 18G5)
WHOLESALE GROCERS,
Lipus, CIGARS, TOBACCO, lOODtSWARE, ETC.,
19, 21 ar;d 23 Strand, Galveston.
Freiberg, Klein & Co.
wholesale
LIQUOR AND CIG AR
DEALERS.
GALVESTON,
and Cincinnati, Ohio.
T. KATTO,
J
FANCY GROCERIES* ETC.,
STRAND, GALVESTON.
ALPHONSE STUDE.
XV 1H O L ES A LE AND RETAIL
BAKERY 11 CONFECTION
HOUSTON. TEXAS.
FHablisJitrt, 1S3S.
C4lVEST0N
BALDING Eli EROS.,
CROCKERY
CHINA AT?Z> GLASSWARE,
BRITANNIA AND S1LVERPLATED WARE.
BAS FIXTURES,
Lacnps nnd Chandeliers,
Cutlery and JapaiLsied Goods,
Wood and Wtilovv-trare,
| Bird, Parrot and Squirrel Cages,
j baby buggies, velocipedes, toys, etc.
I Mechanic aad 2jd Streets, - - GALVESTON.
RAILROADS IS TEXAS.
RISE AND PROGRESS OF RAILWAY
CONSTR LOT I OS.
Twenty-Six Different Lines of Railroad
Intersecting and Penetrating (he
State—What Has Reen Done With-
in the Past Fifteen Years.
[Specially Prepared for the Galveston News.]
The following synopsis of the railway sys-
tem of the state will give an accurate idea of
the progress of internal improvement in the
way of railroad building, and of the transpor-
tation facilities now enjoyed by the people of
Texas. A great amount of activity is at pre-
sent being displayed in this direction, and the
immediate future must witness a vast increase
in the mileage under running order. Elabora-
tion has been avoided in this compilation, noth-
ing being given but a bare detail of miles of
road already completed, or under immediate
construction, with connections and objective
points of the various enterprises penetrating
and intersecting the state. The showing made
will be sufficient to acquaint the intelligent
reader with all that is necessary to a thorough
appreciation of the state's railway system.
Consultation of any modern map of the state
will furnish intervening details:
Houston and Texas Central Railway.
Southern terminus, Houston; northern ter-
minus, Denison; northwestern terminus, Waco;
western terminus, Austin.
Length of main line, 342 miles: Austin
division, from Hempstead to Austin, 115 miiesj
Waco division, from Bremond to Ross, 55
miles.
Prin'Moal- connections: At Houston, with
Now Orleans and Texas line of railroad and
Morgan's steamship line, from Houston to New
Ontaa.1 and -Sew York; with Galveston,
Houston and San Antonio railroad, from
Houston to San Antonio; with Galveston,
Houston and Henderson railroad, from Hous-
ton to Galveston. At Denison, with Missouri,
Ivausas and Texas railroad, for all points
north, fast and west, through St. Louis, Han-
nibal and Kansas Citv; with Denison and
Pacific railway, tor Whitesboro, Gainesville
and points in northwestern Texas. At Dallas
and Sherman, with Texas and Pacific railway,
for eastern Texas and Fort Worth. At Ennis
,r Garrett, with Waxahaehie Tap railroad, for
Waxabachie, Alvarado and Cleburne. At
Xavasota, with Central and Montgomery rail-
road for Plantersville and Montgomery. At
Austin and Hcarne, with International and
Great Northern railway.
Texas Central railway from Ross to Morgan,
V> miles; proposed extension under construc-
- ' inijpi from Morgan.
Mileage under running order, 557 miles.
International and <ircat Northern Rail-
road.
Southern terminus, Houston: northern ter-
minus. Lougview; Western terminus, Austin;
southwestern terminus, Columbia: northwest-
ern terminus, Mineola.
Miles in operation: Houston division, Pales-
tine to Houston, 152 miles; Red River division,
Palestine to Longview, 83 miles; Brazos di-
, ,\i(V 'Mest'Of* to Austin, 181 miles; north-
ern division. Troupe to Mineola, 45 miles; Co-
.iuiUui u.vj>iou. .-loustcn to Columbia, 51 miles;
Huntsviile branch, Phelps to Pluntsville, 8
niles; Georgetown branch, Round Rock to
'Georgetown, 10 miles.
Principal connections: At Longvieic, with
Texas and Pacific railway tor Little Rock, St.
Louis. Memphis, and all points in the north,
>ast and southeast. .4* Overton, with Hen-
ierson and Overton railway. At Aft" n^oZ/z, with
Texas and Pacific railway for Dallas, Fort
Worth, Sherman and Denison. At Houston,
with Galveston, Houston and Henderson rail-
way. Houston and Texas Central railway;
Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio rail-
way; Houston East and West Texas railway;
Texas and New Orleans railway, and Texas
Vesteru railway. At Hen me, wich Houston
ird Tpyns Central railwav.
The International and Great Northern rail-
road, upon all of its divisions, has a total con-
structed mileage of 5'JO miles.
Texas and Pacific Railway.
The initial point of the Texas and Pacific rail-
road is Texarkana, a point on the line between
-vrkansas and Texas, and the southwestern
terminus of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and
outhern railway. From thi9 point two lines
f the Texas and Pacific road penetrate the
cate.
The Transcontinental division, completed at
. resent westwardly across the northern tier of
aunties, through Olarksville, Paris and other
lo wns,to the city of Sherman,a distance of 154>£
i!es. The other, in a southerly direction,
•v •' f-o fitv Jpfferson, to Marshall, 74
ciiles; thence westwardly, through the towns of
.vLiuiieOitt, wins Point, Terrell and
i le city of Dallas, to Fort Worth, its present
western terminus, a distance of 253 miles from
Texarkana.
From Marshall the southern division is com-
pleted eastwardlv to Shreveport, in Louisiana.
The completed line of the Texas and Pacific
>ad is 447 miles in length, all of which, with
>a, of ')(*» mi^es—from Shreveport to
Longview—have been built since 1S73,117 miles
.. ivi.i* oetfu undo m 1670. Work is
iuw being done on the extensions westward
trom both Sherman and Fort Worth.
Within the past few months the grading and
bridging have been completed on the line from
1 ort Worth to Weather ford, a distance of 33
n iles, and arrangements are reported to have
b»en made to complete the line from Weather-
f rd to El Paso--a distance of-something over
G O miles—within the next two years.
The present chartered line extends from
Saerman in a southwestwardly direction, to a
junction with the southern division at Fort
V'orth, a distance of about SO miles.
Mileage in running order, 447 ailes.
Galveston, Houston and San Antonio
Railroad.
Eastern termini: Houston and Harrisburg.
Western terminus: San Antonio. Principal
connections: At Houston, with Houston and
Tsxas Central railroad, International and
Great Northern railroad; Texas and Western
Narrow Gauge; Houston East and West Texas;
and Texas Transportation Company. At Har-
risburg, with Galveston, Houston and Harris-
b irg railroad. At Rosenburg Junction, with
Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe railroad. At Har-
>od, Luling and San Antonio, with different
s'ate lines for southern and southwestern
Tjxas.
This enterprise extends for a distance of 215
ir.iles l'rom Houston to San Antonio, running
through some of the best agricultural and pas-
toral lands in southwestern Texas. The line
was completed to San Antonio in 1S77. Iron
rc-ils on this line are about being replaced by
steel. A new branch into Houston l'rom Peirce
Junction, a distance of nine miles, is under
construction. A prospective branch from
srme point on the main line to LaGrange, in
Fayette county, is shortly expected to be con-
structed. The" main line will early be con-
tinued to the Rio Grande.
Mileage in running order, 215 miles.
Texas and New Orleans Railroad.
The initial point of this enterprise is at
Kjuston, from whence it is constructed and in
running order to Orange, Texas, a distance of
It > miles. It connects at Houston with the H.
aid T. C. R. R., the G., H. and S. A. R. R.,
tie G., H. and H. R. R., the Texas Transporta-
ti jn company and the I. and G. N. II. R. At
B auinont it connects with a line of steamers
navigating the Neches river as high up as
Piivonia fsrrv, a distance of 300 miles. At
0range the road connects with another line of
st «amers navigating the Sabine river as far as
E ist Hamilton, a distance of 400 miles. The
Texas and New Orleans railroad connects at
(3 ange with the Louisiana Westei n railway in
cojrse of construction. As soon as completed,
i i, s v« ill give a through line of connections to
N#w Orleans.
Jdiieage in running order, 106 mile3.
East Line and Red River Railroad.
The initial point of the East Line and Red
River railroad is Jeri'erson, on the northeast-
era division of the Texas and Pacific railway,
ani the head of steamboat navigation ou Buf-
falo bavou. On the 4th of November, 1S77,
thi first -0 miles of this enterprise were com-
peted. The second section of 13 miles, to
DiingCrfielil, was finished August 25, 1877,
making 33 miles of completed road from Jef-
ferson. The third section of 17 miles, to
Pi.tsburg, in Camp county—50 miles from
Je lerson—was completed by the 1st of Decem-
ber of that year. The fourth section of 20
miies. to Winsboro—70 miles from Jefferson—
was finished October 27, ISPS. The fifth sec-
tion, to Sulphur Springs, in Hopkins^ county,
95 miles, was completed in May, 1S79. The
connections of the East Line railroad are the
Texas and Pacific railway at its initial ter-
minus, aud prospectively the Texas Central
railway at or near Me Kinney, in Collin county.
Mileage in actual operation, 95 miles.
Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway.
The initial point of this enterprise is at Gal-
veston. The Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe
railway is a standard gauge, from Galveston
through Galveston, Brazoria, Fort Bend, Aus-
tin. Washington, Burleson, Milam and Bell
counties, a distance ot 220 miles. The road is
co.i*pieted and m operation to Sealy—near
oid Sjtn Felipe—in Austin county, i»4 miles
ft fin Galveston. Grading is completed to
Ch.dwell,111 Burleson county, 157 miles from
Gu veston, and in progxess beyond. Track
laying,i-i in progress beyond Sealy. The road
n; s through a rich agricultural section.
Pnacipal connections: At Ualvexton, with
Galveston, Houston and Henderson railroad
for Houston and all points north; the Morgan
line'stefimwrs for New Orleans, ami the Mallory
steMp.ship line for Key West and New York.
At Ai culti Junction, 42 miles from Galveston,
w t Columbia, division ot' International and
Giv.at Northern rai.road, from Houston to Co-
luutjbia. *Lt J. ' • j Junction, (3l> miles from
G-jj/eston, . tic Galveston, Houston and
Sn.t Antonio i u
llii«age in running order, 94 miles.
Gulf, Western Texas and Pacific Rail-
way.
Tlie southern terminus of the Gulf, Western
Teras *nd Pacific railway is Indianola; its
nor,hern terminus is Cusro. The intermediate
stations are Lavaca. 12 miles; Placedo, 24*^"
nii.-.s; Guadalupe, 32>£ miles; Victoria, 3S
miles; Thomas ton, 55 miles; Burns, miies.
D^^nce from indianola to Cuero, CM miles.
Tii# Gulf. >\'estern Texas and Pacific raiiway
connects at Indianola with the Morgan line
s'eau/.ers trom Galveston and New Orieans,mail
boats for Corpus CViristi, etc. It connects at
Cu*ro with stage lines to and from Gonzales,
Hp. rwood, Yorktown, Goliad, etc.
Mileage in running order, 06 miles.
Houston East aud West Texas Rail way.
This enterprise was chartered in March,
15751 and work commenced upon the road in
De'.'cjnber, 1S76. Houston is the initial point,
aud p^acogdoches, in the county of the same
namt considered the objective point of the
road| It is contemplated to branch from the
mairl trunk at or near Homer, Angelina
counW, running up between the Neches and
Aug»na. rivers to Rusk, in Cherokee county,
and Bom that point to the Tyler road, m
Sniit^B^ounty, crossing the International and
Grea^B*orthern at Jacksonville, with the object
of securing a narrow gauge connection with
Texarkana. The road is being pushed to
Nacogdoches, and will possibly be continued
from thence on to Shreveport, La. Sixtv-one
miles of this road have been completed and
placed in running order, trains running daily
from Houston to the Trinity river. The Trinity
i* being bridged, and twenty-six miles beyond
that stream are under construction. The Hous-
ton East and West Texas railway connects at
its southern terminus at Houston with the sys-
tem of railroads concentrating at that point.
Total mileage in running order, 61 miles.
Corpus Christi. San Diego and Rio
Grande Railroad.
The main line of this enterprise is chartered
to run from Corpus Cbristi west to San Diego,
in Duval county, thence in a northwest line
crossing the Nueces river between Fort Ewell
and the mouth of the Frio, continuing on up
the divide between the Nueces and Frio rivers
to some convenient point for divergence to
Eagie Pass, on the Rio Grande river ; also, a
branch from San Diego to Laredo. That por-
tion of the main line running from Corpus
Christi to San Diego, 53 miles, is completed,
and now in operation. A contract has been
closed for the building of fifty miies on the
Laredo branch, southwest from San Diego.
The completion of this contract will carry the
line to a point 35 miles southeast from Laredo,
from which point it is proposed to build to
Laredo on one hand, and branch southwest to
some point at or near Roma, on the Rio
Grande. Main line—Corpus Christi to San
Diego, 53 miles; San Diego to Eagle Pass, 127
miles. Laredo branch—San Diego to Laredo
via Los Ozealos, So miles; Los Ozealos to
Roma, 05 miles. Arrangements are in pro-
gress with this company to build 75 miles on
the main line, northwest from San Diego, at
once.
Mileage in running order, 53 miles.
Galveston. Houston and Henderson
Railroad.
Initial point Galveston, running through
Galveston and Harris counties to Houston,
fifty miies. The intermediate stations ou the
line of the Galveston, Houston and Henderson
railroad Tare Poolville, Eagle Grove, Virginia
Poiut, Highland, Dickenson, Clear Creek.
Summit, Allen's and Harrisburg. Principal
connections: At Harrisburg, with Galveston,
Harrisburg and San Antonio railway; also at
Houston v/itb same road, for San Antonio and
all points in western Texas. At Houston, with
International and Great Northern railroad for
all points on that line; also for Austin and
points iu west Texas; for all points on the
Texas and Pacific raiiway, Henderson and
Overton railway, East Line and Red River
railway, and all points north, east and west;
with Houstou and Texas Central railway for
Austin, Waco, Dallas, Sherman aud Denison,
and the country west of these points, and for
all points north, east and west, with the Texas
and New Orleans railroad, the Houston East
and West Texas, and the Texas western rail-
roads. At Galveston, with the Mallory steam-
ship line for New York and Key West, and
Morgan's Louisiana and Texas railroad and
steamship company for New Orleans. New
York, and all points on the western coast of
Texas.
Mileage in running order, 50 miles.
Texas Western Narrow Gaujje Railroad.
This enterprise is constructed and in a run-
ning order from Houston, its initial point, to
Pattison, in Waller county, a distance of 42
miles. At Houston the Texas Western forms
connection with the different lines concentrat-
ing at that place for all points north, south,
east and west.
Mileage in running order, 42 miles.
Denison and Pacific Railroad.
The present terminus of the road is at Gains-
ville, in Cook county, forty-one and three-
quarter miles west of Denison, where it con-
nects with lines of stages to all parts of west-
ern Texas. At Denison it connects with the
Missouri, Kansas and Texas, the Houston and
Texas Central, and the Denison and Southeast-
ern railroads. Two passenger and two freight
trains are operated daily, and often in season
special cattle trains. The chartered line of
the road is from Denison to Belknap, in Young
county, and its objective point is the western
boundary of the state, where it is to connect
with the Southern Pacific railway. The road will
be extended as the country develops or other
railroads become aggressive in reaching the
Red river tier of counties for trade.
Mileage in running order, 42 miles.
Central and IWontsomeryrRailroad*
The Central and Montgomery railroad is
constructed and in running order from Mont-
gomery, in Montgomery county, to Navasota,
on the line of the Houston and Texas Central
railroad, where it makes connections for all
points south, east, north and west. This enter-
prise has been surveyed further to the west-
ward, and it is in contemplation to eventually
connect it with the Gulf, Colorado and Santa
Fe railroad at or near Brenham.
Mileage at present in running order, 25 miles.
Rio Grande Railroad.
The initial point of this enterprise is at
Brownsville, in Cameron county. The Rio
Grande railroad is constructed and in running
order to Point Isabel, a distance of 22 miles.
The enterprise has lagged somewhat lately,
although recently a new company has been
formed, with the object of extending the road
to Laredo.
Mileage in running order, 22 miles.
Denison and Sontlieastern Railroad.
This road is controlled by the Missouri,
Kansas and Texas railway, and is managed
by the Union Trust company of New York.
The chartered line of the road is from Denison
to Palestine, via Whitewright, Greenville and
Mineola. The objective point of the road is
Houston, and when completed will be the gulf
terminus of the western railways converging
at Kansas City. The present line of the road
is from Denison to Whitewright, 21 miles
southwest. Two trains are operated each way
per day. At Deuison the road connects with
the Missouri, Kansas and Texas, the Denison
and Pacific, the Houston and Texas Central,
and at Bells with the Trans-Continental branch
of the Texas and Pacific. The Southeastern
will be extended to Greenville the coming year,
and to Mineola within two years, or forfeit its
charter.
Mileage in running order, 21 miles.
Texas and SC. Louis Railway.
This enterprise was inaugarated as the Tyler
Tap railroad by beginning work at Tyler,
Smith county, in 1875. The original scheme
contemplated" was a road beginniug at Tex-
arka, the southern terminus of the Iron Moun-
tain road, running by way of Tyler, Corsicana
and Waco, and west to the Rio Grande at Pre-
sidio, thence across northern Mexico via Chi-
huahua to Guaymas, on the gulf of California.
The road has been finished and in operation
from Tyler, on the International aud Great
Northern,to Ferguson,on the Texas aud Pacific,
a distance of 21 miles, since October 1, 1)577, and
is now finished from Texarkana southwest-
wardly to Sulphur river, 31 miles, though that
portion is not yet opened for business. The
grading is completed from Sulphur river to
Ferguson, about 75 miles, and bridging and
cross-tie making are being pushed vigorously.
It is expected that the two detached portions
of the road will be connected during the coming
spring.
Mileage in running order, 21 miles.
The Dallas aud WichitajRailroad.
The present terminus of the Dallas and
Wichita railroad is on the Elm fork of the
Trinity river, 20 miles northwest of Dallas.
Fifteen miles of the line, north of the terminus,
is graded. Two mixed trains are operated
daily, the rolling stock being rented from the
Texas and Pacific, with which it connects at
Dallas, and over which it connects with the
Houston and Texas Central, at union depot.
The objective point of the road is the South
Canadian river, in the Panhandle, via Denton
and the mineral regions in Wichita and Archer
counties on Red river.
Mileage in running order, 20 miles.
Henderson and Overton Railroad.
The initial point of the Henderson and Over-
ton railroad is at Henderson, in Rusk county.
It is completed and in running order to Over-
ton, a distance of 16 miles. At Overton it
connects with the International and Great
Northern railroad for points south, east, north
and west. The enterprise has proved of con-
siderable advantage to the people of a wide
scope of surrounding country.
Mileage in running order, 16 miles.
Galveston, Rrazos and Colorado Rail-
road.A
This enterprise is at present in disuse,although
fifteen miles of the road are graded and ironed,
and until recently were operated by the com-
pany. It is a narrow gauge railroad, the ini-
tial point of which is at Galveston. It is con-
structed as far as the Sand Bank, fifteen miles
down the island, where it at present termi-
nates.
Lougview and Sabine Valley Railivay.
Twelve miles of this enterprise is built and
in daily operation, extending from Longview
to Sabine river. The . Longview and iSabine
Valley railway was organized under the gen-
eral law of the state, January 4, 1877, to build
a railway from Longview, in northeastern
Texas, to Sabine pass, on the gulf of. Mexico.
Longview, the initial point, is situated at the
junction of the Texas and Pacific and Interna-
tional and Great Northern railroads. It is pro-
posed to construct this enterprise northward to
make a connection with the St. Louis and
Texas and East Line and Red River railroads,
at or near Pittsburg, some 40 miles distant.
The connections northward will be two to St.
Louis and Chicago, four to the west and south-
west, and one east to Shreveport, on Red river.
At the south end, connection will be made at
Beaumont with the Texas and New Orleans
railroad west to Houston and San Antonio, and
east to New Orleans.
Mileage in running order, 12 miles.
Wraxaliaeliie Tap Railroad.
The Waxabachie Tap is a standard gauge
railroad completed within the past year from
Ennis or Garrett, on the line of the Houston
and Texas Central railroad, to Waxahaehie,
the county seat of Ellis county. It is the pur-
pose of the owners of this road to finally ex-
tend it to the west of Waxahaehie, affording
to the people of a very fertile territory the fa-
cilities of direct rail connection with the main
lines of the state. The Waxahaehie Tap con-
nects at Ennis or Garrett with the Houston
aud Texas Central railroad for all points
north, east, south and west.
Mileage in running order, 12 miles.
Sabine Pass and Northwestern.
The objective point of this enterprise is Sa-
bine pais, on the gulf of Mexico. It is con-
structed from Lawrence to Kauffman, in KaufF-
man county, a distance of 11 miles.
Georgetown Railroad.
The initial point of this enterprise is at
Georgetown, the county seat of Williamson
county, from whence it is constructed to Round
Rock, in the same county, on the line of the
International and Great Northern railroad,
where it makes connections for all points north,
east, south and west.
Mileage in running order, 10 miles.
Texas Transportation Company.
This enterprise extends from Houston to
Clinton, connecting at the latter place with
the Morgan line Of steamships from New Or-
leans and New York. It is an enterprise con-
ducted in the interest of the Morgan freight
n nH passenger transportation lines.
Mileage in running order} 8 miles.
Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad.
This railroad penetrates the state at Red
river, running to its terminal point at Deni-
son. At Denison it connects with the Hous-
ton and Texas Central, the Denison and Pacific
and the Denison and Southeastern railways.
The distance from Red river to Denison is 5
miles, which is all that this line of road oper-
ates within the state of Texas.
WHAT HAS BEEN DONE IN FIFTEEN YEARS.
The above exhibit of actual mileage in run
ning order will show what has been done in
Texas within the past fifteen years in the way
of railroad building. At the close of the war
in 1865 there were but six railroads in Texas
that had track laid in running order, viz: The
Buffalo Bayou, Brazos and Colorado railroad,
from Harrisburg to Alley ton, SO miles; the
Houston and Texas Central railroad, from
Houston to Millican, SO miles; the Washington
County railroad (now the Austin division of
the Central), from Hempstead to Brenham, 30
miles; the Galveston, Houston and Henderson
railroad, from Galveston to Houston, 50 miles
the Texas and New Orleans railroad, from
Houston to Liberty, 40 miies; and the Colum-
bia and Brazos River railroad, from
Houston to Columbia, 50 miles—mak
king a total of 330 miles of railroad
in actual operation fifteen years ago. The
Southern Pacific railroad (now the Texas and
Pacific! was under operation from Shreveport,
La., to the Texas line, but at that period had
not penetrated the state. Now there are
twenty-six different lines of railroad in actual
operation within the state, with a total mileage
in running order of 2556 miles, showing that
since the year 1S65 no less than 2226 miles of
railroad have been constructed and placed iu
running order. Twenty of these roads are stand
ard gauge and six are narrow gauge railroads.
There are few states in the union with a better
record than this. It speaks volumes for the
future of the commonwealth in every direction
toward progress and prosperity, and to all ap
pearances the next few years will witness still
further advances in the important work of
railroad construction.
SOIL A.ND PRODUCTIONS.
Certain portions of Texas are better adapted
to raising cattle and horses, others to raising
bogs, and others again to sheep-raising. The
western counties present a vast expanse of the
finest grazing for stock in America, where
herds of thousands are annually becoming
marketable beeves without any expense the
year round but that of herding and branding.
In those counties are also found some of the
best sheep ranges, where fortunes are being
made on the smallest capital, merely enough to
purchase the finest breeds of rams, by wnich
means the coarse Mexican wool of 25 years
ago has now been generally so improved in
quality as to command three or four times the
price. No forage or feed of any kind is re-
quired to be gathered for winter use; cattle,
sheep and horses feed themselves winter as well
as summer. In the more northern counties,
however, where the stocks are smaller and the
winters colder, many farmers find it better to
have some hay or fodder to feed to their milch
cows and sheep in the worst weather. In those
counties the stock ranges are frequently tim-
bered lands, which afford protection from the
cold.
The cotton region of Texas embraces nearly
all the counties east of the San Antonio river,
and eastward of a line due north from the
town of San Antonio to Red river. But the
counties best adapted to cotton are those on
the Guaaaiupe, the Colorado, the Brazos, Old
Caney, Oyster creek, the Trinity, Sabine and
Red rivers, where, in ordinary seasons, the
yield has usually been almost a bale (500 pounds;
to the acre. There has never yet been culti-
vated one hundredth part of the rich
cotton lands of these counties. The vast wealth
of the cotton region of Texas is still undevelop-
ed, and millions of acres of the finest cotton
lands in the world are still lying useless as they
were 50 years ago. But although the river
lands above designated yield the largest crops
of cotton, yet the uplands in all the counties
designated usually yield from one-half to three-
fourths of a bale to the acre, and their cultiva-
tion is often found to be quite as profitable as
the botton lands, from the greater facility of
cultivation. Taken together, the cotton coun-
ties constitute near one-third of the area of
Texas, and have a larger amount of rich virgin
soil adapted to this staple than probably all
the cotton states east of the Mississippi.
The wheat region of Texas, though it em-
braces some thirty counties, and perhaps many
more not yet settled, is not as extensive as that
adapted to cotton. By this is meant those
counties especially adapted to wheat, the aver-
age yield of which, in ordinary seasons, is
about 21 bushels to the acre. Wheat may be,
and often is, grown to a limited extent in the
cotton counties down the coast, the yield being
ten or twelve bushels to the acre. Rye and bar -
ley are more generally grown, and yield better
in the lower and more western counties than
wheat. Indeed, barley has proved to be one of
the most reliable and profitable products in
most of the cotton as well as wheat counties.
Oats are also quite generally raised in all the
more settled portions of Texas. The wheat
region properly so called embraces chiefly the
northern portions of Texas, Dallas being the
center of it.
That portion of Texas adapted to the com-
mon sugar cane is more limited, and is confined
chiefly to the counties on the lower Brazos and
Colorado, and intermediate region, and to the
lower Trinity. But as cotton has generally
been found to be more profitable, sugar Tas
been cultivated to but a limited extent, one rea-
son for which is probably the heavy outlay re-
quired for sugar houses and machinery. The
sorghum or Chinese cane is well adapted to
nearly all portions of the state, and there are
few settled counties where it is not raised for
domestic use. It is found to be a very useful
and profitable crop.
If there is a family in Texas without chick-
ens, eggs and butter, it is their own fault: that
is, if they have been here long enough to raise
a crop. Tobacco has been raised to but a
limited extent, though before the war several
counties raised it for export, and it is well
known that it may be profitably raised in most
parts of the state" and the quality is said to be
quite equal to that of Virginia. Rice is grown
in a few counties, but only for family use. The
upland rice may, however, be grown success-
fully on the iow marshy and hummock lands
throughout the state.
Sea island cotton has been successfully cul-
tivated on the islands along our coast, and
also on the mainlands bordering on our bays.
But the want of the proper kind of gins, for
separating the seeds from it, render its culti-
vation rather unprofitable, or less so than that
of the short staple cotton. It is, however, ad-
mitted by good judges that, with a reasonable
amount of capital and skill the sea island cot-
ton may be profitably grown along nearly the
whole coast country."
Hops, flax and hemp have been grown, but
only to a limited extent, but sufficiently to
prove that it is only because they have not
l>een cultivated. Buckwheat is also easily
grown, and produces well. Grapes grow every-
where with proper attention, and on our sandy
soils will eventually become a great staple of
the state. It only requires immigrants from
the wine-making countries of Europe, who
understand the business, to make the cultiva-
tion of the vine one of our most profitable
branches of agriculture.
The castor-oil bean, or Palma Christi, grows
with greater luxuriance and more spontane-
ously than the writer has ever known it in
any country; and if there is a market for the
oil, it is predicted that it will constitute here-
after a profitable product for export, and yield
a large revenue to the state. There is scarcely
a product which is not, or may not, be grown
in Texas, as the variety of soil and climate is
such as to adapt the state to both northern and
southern products.
SHEEP HUSBANDRY IN TEXAS.
[ByH. S. Randall, LL.D., author of " Sheep Hus-
bandry in the South," etc.]
After the experience of many years in sheep-
breeding, aud after a close and diligent inves-
tigation, extending to all available sources of
information—many of these the minute and
careful statements of your own most intelli-
gent and candid citizens—I do not entertain a
particle of doubt, first, that you have vast re-
gions in Texas admirably adapted to sheep
husbandry: and secondly, that wool can now
be raised more cheaply in those regions tliau
in any other portion of the globe, where suffi-
ciently good government prevails to make life
tolerable ana secure, and such property as
sheep safe from frequent and extensive depre-
dations. In no such portion of the earth are
lands furnishing perennial pasturage (or the
use of such lands), so cheap. In none ar» the
general circumstances more favorable, the ac-
cidental and occasional disadvantages fewer.
In nearly every particular, Texas possesses de-
cided advantages over our other southern
states, and enormous ones over the northern
aud eastern states.
As between it and the latter, a brief state-
ment disposes ol all controversy. The sheef>-
lands of the northern and eastern states cost,
on an average, thirty dollars an acre, and
sheep are frequently kept on those worth from
forty to sixty dollars an acre. On these high-
priced lands sheep must be fed on dry feed-
hay and grain—about five months of each
year. Expensive shelters must be erected, or
the sheep-farmer will lose the cost of them in
the loss of life and condition in his flocks.
In Texas, prime and desirable pasture-lands
can be bought at two dollars an acre—fre-
quently for considerably less. Hs who owns a
homestead of a few acres can pasture thou-
sands of acres of unoccupied land. The pas-
turage of much of Texas is perennial. Large
and small flock masters have proved this to be
a practical fact.
Your country can not always enjoy this en-
entire priority in the conditions for cheap wool
production. The success of this husbandry in
itself will aid In reducing its profits. Your
shsep lands skirt noble and navigable rivers.
Unlike our rough sheep ranges of the north,
they are topographically adapted to the con-
struction of those railroads which the business
of your state will soon demand. Aa enter-
prising population is pouring m upon you from
other states of the union, and from Europe.
The boy is now born who will see, not only the
good soils in the counties at present organized
in Texas, but in its regions where now roves
the wild Comanche, worth twenty or thirty
dollars an acre. Then the sunny but unarable
slopes of the Alleghanies, in Virginia, the Car-
olinas, etc., may successfully compete with you
in wool-growing, owing to their greater cheap-
ness.
Texai lVfethodist Conferences.
The Texas conferences of the M. E. church
south, for the year 1S79, have all been held.
Members of the church reported as follows:
Texas Conference 8,193 Increase. 842
East Texas Conference.. 14.212 Increase 22S0
North Texas Conference.23.253 Increase.... .2195
N. W. Texas Conference. £6.933 I*crease 2944
West Texas Conference.. 7,170 Increase. 811
79,783 9072
Adding the German conference would give a
total of over 80,000 methodists in Texas.
ships and Shipping.
MARINE STATISTICS OF TUB PORT
OF GA J, VESTON.
Tonnage of the Port for the Year 1879,
with Character of Outbound
Freights.
The following summary, mado up from the
books of merchants and ship-brokers doing
business here, gives a fair estimate of the ton
nage of the port of Galveston for the j*ear
1879. It is the largest exhibit ever before
made during a single year, and shows strongly
the superior facilities of Galveston, the neces-
sity of the port to the interior, and the devel-
opment of a growing maritime commerce.
In the exhibit following calculation has not
been made of a uumber of unregistered coast-
ing craft making regular trips to this port
from adjacent localities, and which aggregate
a considerable tonnage during the year. Other-
wise, the showing will be found exact and ac-
curate :
The books of the first ship-broker called on
show clearances of 121 vessels, viz: 2 steam-
ships, 4 ships, 75 barks, S barkentines, 21 brigs
and 11 schooners, representing a total tonnage
of 56,209 tons. Of these vessels 38 were cleared
for Liverpool. 14 for Havre, 10 for Bremen, 10
for Cork for orders, 3 for Genoa, 2 for Reval,
2 for Bristol, 1 for Naples. 1 for Hamburg, 1
fn»- Whit-haven. Fns.. 1 for Silloth, Eng., 1 for
Riga, 1 for Barcelona, 1 for Gotten burg, 1 for
.4 uerdeeu, 1 for Saiemo, 1 for Glasgow, 1 for
Matanzas, 11 for Philadelphia, 9 for Pensacoia,
7 for New York, 2 for New Orleans, 1 for Mo-
bile and I for Apalachicola. Nationality: Amer-
ican, 27; Norwegian, 72; British. 10; Swedish,
S; German, 2: Danish, 2. The outward freight
of the above tonnage is represented by 136,443
bales cotton, 9508 tons oil cake, and 2015 tons
benes.
The books of a second ship broker show
clearances of 26 vessels, viz: 8 steamships, 4
ships, 10 barks and 4 brigs, representing a
total tonnage of 18,578 tons. Of these vessels,
20 were cleared for Liverpool, 4 for Havre, 1
for Bremen, and 1 for Genoa. Nationality:
British, 16; Spanish, 3; German, 1; Ameri-
can, 6. The outward freight of the above ton-
nage is represented by 57,485 bales cotton, 1640
sacks oil cake, and a quantity of staves.a
The books of a third ship broker show clear-
ances of 45 vessels, viz: 2 steamships, 6 ships,
19 barks, 4 brigs and 14 schooners, represent
tag a total tonnage of 27,293 tons. Of these
vessels, 20 were cleared for Liverpool, 4 for
Bremen, 3 for Boston, 3 for Havre, 2 for Pen-
sacoia. 1 for New Orleans, 1 for New York, 4
for " ... -
and
and _
American, 21; Norwegian, 12; German, 2.
The outward freight of the above tonnage is
represented by 74,695 bales cotton, 503 bbls.
oil, and 1453 tons sundries.
The books of a fourth ship broker show
clearances of 30 vessels, viz: 4 steamships, 7
ships, 16 barks and 3 brigs, representing a to-
tal tonnage of 29,('34 tons. Of these vessels 22
were cleared for Liverpool, 4 for Havre, 2 for
Genoa, 1 for Bremen and 1 for Amsterdam.
Nationality: British, 22; Norwegian, 4; German,
4. The outward freight of the above tonnage
is represented by 79,545 bales cotton, 1665
sacks bat guano and 7386 sacks oil cake.
A fifth brokers business shows clearances of
31 vessels, viz: 23 schooners, 7 brigs and 1
bark, representing a total tonnage of 17,669
tons. These vessels were all of American na-
tionality and bound for coastwise ports. The
outward freight of the above is represented by
6700 bales cotton from Galveston, and 3070
bozsheads sugar and 3060 barrels molasses from
the Teche.
A sixth broker returns a statement of 6
clearances, viz: 3 steamships and 3 brigs, repre-
senting a total tonnage of 3899 tons. Of ttiese
vessels 2 were cleared for Reval, 2 for Havre,
and 2 for Bremen. Three of the vessels were of
British nationality and 3 of German. The out-
ward freight of the above 6 vessels is repre-
sented by 14,732 bales cotton.
The clearances of a seventh ship broker
show a list of 19 vessels, viz: 1 steamship, 1
ship, 11 barks, 1 barkentine, 2 brigs, and 3
schooners, representing a total tonnage of 11,-
112 tons. Of these vessels 7 were cleared for
New York, 4 for Havre, 2 for Cork for orders,
I for Liverpool, 1 for Reval, 1 for Riga, 1 for
Barcelona, 1 for Cronstadt and 1 for Falmouth
for orders. Nationality: American, 8; Brit-
ish, 2; Spanish, 1; German, 2; Norwegian, 6.
The outward freight of the above 19 vessels
is represented by 35,584 bales cotton.
in organ Line of Steamships.
Statement of Number of Arrivals of Steamers
of Morgan's Louisiana and Texas Railroad and
Steamship Company at Galveston. Texas, with
Aggregate Tonnage Thereof, During the Year
Ending December, 1879.
Months.
January
February
.March
April.
May
June
J uly
August
September
October
November
December
Total
So of
Arrivals.
34
31
34
29
30
29
25
8
8
10
36
41
Aggregate
Tonnage.
37.400
34.101)
37.400
31.900
33.000
31.900
2S.050
13,400
13,400
15,600
39.600
45,100
361,450
JVlallory Liue of Steamships
between New York and Galveston is composed
of six vessels, viz: Colorado, 2764 tons; Rio
Grande, 2556 tons; State of Texas, 1548 tons;
Carondelet, 1508 tons; San Antonio, 1412 tons;
City of Austin, 1294 tons. During the year
the number of trips aggregated by all of these
steamships amounted to 53, representing a com-
bined tonnage of 98,050 tons. The outgoing
freight for New York, transported by the"Mal-
lory line is represented by 84,787 bales cotton,
4421 bales hides, 2719 blids. sugar, 3562 bbls.
Mexican honey, 298 bales scrap iron, 12,638
pks. merchandise, 385 bbls. tallow, and $235,400
as the value of Mexican silver ore and bullion.
rscapit c lation.
No. of
Steamships—Morgan line 315
—Mallory line 53
—Foreign 20
Ships 22
Barks.,
Barkentines 9
B'jSS 44
Schooners.
Total 646
The aggregate of tonnage represented by
above 646 arrivals during the year amounts to
623,344 tons.
WOOL GROWING IN TEXAS.
[H. J. Chamberlin, of Bell county, in Burke's
Texas Almanac. 1
Texas is now regarded as the third largest
wool-growing state in the union, having nearly
or about four millions of sheep, and perhaps
before another issue of the Almanac Texas
will rank first in the production of tnis great
staple in the world. Not only has it been
proven that Texas is to lead in the quantity of
sheep and wool grown, but also in the raising
of superior thoroughbred animals, possessing
individual merit surpassing any on the face of
the globe for weight of fleece and other desira-
ble qualities. The hap hazard, slip-shod, pen-
ny-wise-and-pound-foolish methods of raising
sheep in Texas has yielded to skillful breeders
of the very best animals and producers of wool
who know to a certainty that their flocks
bred to thoroughbred stock, possess-
ing requisite wool-growing qualities
and vigor of constitution, are to tliem more
valuable than mines of gold, and the care of
them as pleasant and healthy as any vocation
they could undertake. About all the popular
breeds of sheep known are successfully grown
in Texas. The nature of the large, long-
wooled breeds, together with the great distance
from our mutton markets, has caused them to
be but littie grown. Some persons have been
prejudiced against merinos by the use of, or at-
tempt to breed, sheep brought into the state
and called thoroughbred animals that were bad
grades, not possessing either constitution or
merits; also by the purchase of stock in such a
pampered condition that they were better
adapted for quiet security in a box, caVetally
fed, than for use or profit. It is no wonder
that sensible persons become disgusted with
such stock. Tne Spanish merino, or as we gen-
erally term them American merinos, on ac-
count of the great changes wrought in them
since they were imported trom Spain to America,
some seventy years ago, can be grown in large
herds; they are easily controlled, excel any
sheep in the production of wool and make very
good mutton; hence they are most grown on
Texas ranqhos. The improved coftdibonAf the
wool market has gl ven a nfff TfEpetus 'to tile"
sheep growing business. Some men, of course,
in their zeal to acquire a fortune without labor
or much time, win rush Hito tins business aud
make a shipwreck of it. Diirfug last winter a
great many sheep died, and in some instances
nearUr whole flocks were lost. These sheep
generally belonged to adventurers, above re-
ferred to, were in charge of men not having
experience, or practical judgment, or perhaps
bad driven long distances and went into winter
in very bad condition. In no instance didjl
learn of any serious loss among stock well
herded and supplied with such necessary things
as are possessed by almost every dock mas-
ter. In central Texas, although the grass
cropped from the prairies by the sheep will
sustain them tolerably well, yet experience
has taught me that a little grain or cotton
seed, principally fed during December and
January, is an expense doubly repaid by an
increased amount of wool and more valuable
lands the following spring. Abundance of
good sheep-grazing lands can b9 had con-
venient to the long lines of railroad that cross
and intersect our state, near communities
having good society, with church and sc&ool
privileges, at from two to five dollars per acre;
and further out, in new counties and distant
from towns, good rancho land can be had in
quantities as low as fifty cents per acre. Upon
these millions of acres of unoccupied lands,
nowhere surpassed for stock-raising purposes,
we give a welcome hand to all honest immi-
grants, whether they come to invest their
capital or by their stroag arms aid us in the
development of our great Lone Star State, and
assure to them the peaceable enjoymeut of ail
the good things their capital or labor may pro-
cure.
^ - - rr . - -a >
A Rich Mineral District. *
Burnet county, situated 25 miles northwest
of Austin, across the great dividing ridge be-
tween the Brazos and Colorado rivers, is well
drained by the numerous tributaries of these
streams, affording not only an abundant sup-
ply of lasting water, but also numerous water-
powers, among them the great marble falls of
the Colorado. The county is elevated 750 feet
above the level of the sea, and in bealttifulness
is not surpassed by any portion of the world.
It has been much resorted to by invalids, who
have been areatly benefited by their .sojourn.
Excellent building rock and cedar fencing tim-
ber are abundant. The tar or petroleum
springs, lead and iron ore, and strong indica-
tions of gold and silver, are evidences of inex-
haustible mineral wealth.
A SCRAP OF EARLY HISTORY.
In 1765 the population of Texas, confined
almost entirely to Adaes, San Antonio, La Ba-
hia, with a few at Nacogdoches, Orquisaco and
Mound Prairie, is said not to have exceeded
1500, one-half of whom were Indians domicili-
ated.
During the American revolution, which com-
menced about this time, Texas remained quiet.
But when Spain declared war against England,
in 1119, Don Jose Galvez, then governor of
Louisiana, engaged in active hostilities, and
received a few recruits from Texas, who aided
in the victories at Natchez, Fort Amity, Fort
Charlotte, Mobile and Pensacoia. After the
close of the war in 1783, Galvez continued to
figure prominently in the negotiations between
Spain and the United States, relating to the
navigation of the Mississippi, and meantime
his uncle, Gardoqui, was sent as the first minis-
ter from Spain to the United States. Galves-
ton received its name from Galvez.
Previous to and during the American revo-
lution, an active trade was carried on by the
Spanish settlement at Natchez, through Nacog-
doches, to the interior of Texas, and it was
through those engaged in this trade that the
surpassing beauty and fertility of this country
became known to the Americans, and attracted
many adventurers, from time to time, from
the United States; and it was thus that Texas
was more than a half century later revolution-
ized by the same race, (carry.ng with them the
same principles of civil liberty) that bad pre-
viously wrested the English colonies from the
parent country.
Toward the close of the eighteenth century,
the Indians began to be exceedingly trouble-
some to the settlements and missions in Texas,
and in 1785, the troops at the Alamo were com-
pelled to retire within the mission walls for
their own security; but it was about this time
that the Alamo had ceased to be a missionary
station, and received the name by which it has
since been known, having previously been
called the mission of San Antonio de Valero.
It was then only a place of worship, but a
town had grown up round it, and it had a sep-
arate organization as such. In 1790, the few
remaining inhabitants in Adaes were removed
to San Antonio and were given irrigable lands
to the north of the Alamo.
Herrera,the minister of the Mexican patriots,
having learned from the pirates of Barrataria
the capacity of Galveston harbor, determined
to take possession of it, and he accordingly
sailed to the island and landed on the 1st of
September, 1816, having with him commodore
Aury in command of a fleet of twelve or fif-
teen vessels of the republics of Mexico, Vene-
zuela, La Platte and New Grenada. On the
12th of September a government was organ-
ized, and Aury was choseu governor of Texas
and Galveston Island, taking an oath of allegi-
ance to the republic of Mexico. The several
other departments of government were organ-
ized and officers elected; and Aury's vessels
were sent out to cruise against the Spanish
commerce, which was done so successfully that
the whole gulf was swept of the shipping of
the mother country. Meantime another promi-
nent personage became associated in this at-
tempted revolution. This was Xavier Mina,
who had distinguished himself in the peninsu-
lar war against France, and in consequence
was compelled to leave his country. He first
entered into an arrangement with Toledo to
wrest Florida from Spain, but Toledo having
deserted him and gone over to the king of
Spain, he sailed to Galveston to co-operate with
Aury and Perry, and landed here on the &4th
of November, 1816. At this time Texas had
nearly been depopulated by the wars, and
there were not more than 200 Spanish troops m
the province. Aury's cruisers, however, made
Galveston prosperous for the time. Among
the prizes taken were many Spanish slavers:
but as there was no market for slaves in Texas,
they had no other alternative but to find a
market for them in the United States, though
contrary to law to introduce them there. One
mode of landing them there was by water,
through bayou La Fourche, and the other by
land, from point Bolivar to Alexandria, etc.
The Barratarians who were in the service of
Aury took them in by the former route; while
companies were formed in Louisiana who re-
ceived them either at Sabine, point Bolivar or
Galveston, took them to a custom-house officer
in Louisiana, denounced them as imported
slaves, had them sold under the law by the
marshal, repurchased them and pocketed half
of the purchase money as informers. They
then sold them to the planters. They bought
them in Galveston at one dollar per pound, or
an average of $140 each.
The rich prizes taken by Aury enabled bim
to pay off fc is officers and men punctually, and
to send supplies to Bernardo Gutierres, who
was then stationed as agent, at Natchitoches.
Aury was also in constant communication with
the patriots in Mexico. The forces in Galves-
ton consisted of 300 or 400 men under Aurv, be-
sides his fleet; and there were 200 under Mina,
while Col. Perry commanded 100 men at Boli-
var point. They sailed or marched to take
part in the war of Mexico against Spain.
But a few days after Aury and all bis men
had sailed from Galveston, Lafitte and his buc-
caneers arrived and took possession.
By the close of 1817, Lafitte's followers, in
Galveston, numbered about 1,000 men, com-
posed of refugees from justice, and the victims
of oppression from other countries. Among
his most confidential lieutenants were Jim
Campbell and Churchhill, the latter of whom
died in Galveston but a few years since. They
were both well known in Galveston for many
years, but were neither of them disposed to be
communicative touching the history of their
career with Lafitte. The town built by Lafitte
on the ruins of that of Aury, was called Cam-
peachy, and, for a time, it is said the society
was very good, enjoying many of the luxuries
and refinements of larger cities. About this
time Gen. Lallamand, who had commanded
the artillery under Napoleon, came to Galves-
ton with about 100 Frenchmen, and proceeded
a short distance up the Trinity, where he built
a fort, with a view of cultivating the soil, but
was induced to abandon the enterprise by the
hostility of the Spaniards. His followers re-
turned to Galveston, and a part of them re-
mained with Lafitte. Lafitte's house, in Gal-
veston. was painted red aud had a fort around
it. The buccaneers were finaily driven away
by a naval vessel of the United States.
"THE WHEAT REGION. "
A HOME FOR IMMIGRANTS.
No portion of the southern or western states
possesses so many attractions for the immi-
grant as northwestern Texas. Blessed with a
climate of Italian beauty, and of remarkable
healthfulness, possessed of a varied and fer-
tile soil, and supplied with an abundance of
wholesome food at low prices, the seekers after
new homes for themselves and their
posterity will find in it a "promised land"
equaling their most sanguine expectations.
The only disagreeble feature of our climate
is the 44 nortuers,'' which, in a greater degree,
are common to all the prairie states west of
the Mississippi river. These winds are preva-
lent only during about three months of winter,
and occur on an average nbout once in two
or three weeks, during the months of January,
February and March, lasting from one to three
days. The temperature, during these 44 north-
ers," is not often lower than 32°, the lowest
having occurred in January, 1856, when the
thermometer indicated a temperature of 9° at
sunrise on the 28th, and 42J at midday. In the
intervals between the 44 northers," "the ther-
mometer ranges from 56° to 70% and at these
times every description of farm labor can be
carried on. The temperature of spring and
autumn is moderate, and that of summer is
not excessive, the heat at midday rarely going
beyond 90". Nowhere else is the temperature
so equable as here, and the changes from one
season to another are so gradual that they are
scarcely observable.
Land is cheap, and can be obtained in quan-
tities to suit almost any means. The farms
are usually made upon tracts of from <540 to
1280 acres, from 50 to 100 acres of which are
under cultivation, the rest lying idle or serv-
ing as public pasture: and there is scarcely
any owner who is not willing to sell off a por-
tion of his land. The prices asked for unim-
proved land vary greatly, but good land with-
in three or four miles of almost any town ran
be had at from $2 to $4 per acre, sometimes
even less. Improved farms, of course, com-
mand higher QgureSvbut the most of them can
Tat this time be bought at from $8 to $15 per
acre.
Those immigrants who are unable to pur-
chase land. «*an obtain employment at good
wages. Farm-laborers, particularly, are
greatly in demand. There never has been a
time since the settlement of the country that a
white, laborer or mechanic, of industrious
-habit*, Juocbsen nnabid to obtain work at re-
munerating prices.
As in all new countries, where agriculture is
the chief pursuit, it costs but little to obtain
iand wholesome food in northwestern
Texas. Flour at $3 per cwt.; beef, the fattest
and of the finest flavor, at 2% cents per pouud;
pork at 5 cents per pound; fat mutton at 7£
ceafs per Quarter; and milk and butter for the
trouble of taking care of the cows, constitute
the basis of a bill of fare which any one can
obtain here at all times. Then we have honey,
equaling in flavor that from Mount Hymettus,
peaches ami other fruits in their season, and
that delicious nut, the pecan, which costs
nothing but the trouble, of gathering; and
there are none so poor but they can obtain an
abundance of all that has been mentioned.
The future of the "wheat region'' can
hardly be estimated. The golden lands of the
Rocky mountains contain no such mines of
wealth as the broad prairies of Texas: and
when the placers, gulches and quartz veins of
Idaho, Montana and Colorado shall have
ceased to yield their yellow dust, northwestern
Texas will be on the high road to a wealth
and '.power the future of which can scarcely
be realized.
Prices of Stock, Tool®, Provisions, etc.,
in Texas.
Spanish poniss, broken and unbroken.
sell at $10 00© 20 00
Good, large American horses are
worth .. 75 000100 00
Mules, well broken 75 00&I25 00
Beef cattle, three to five years old,
sell at 15 00® 20 00
FatCQwg, fpr beef....* 15 00<& 13 00
Mitch eowMd caff(young) 12 00Q> ^0 00
Choice beof is had in most Texas mar-
kets at 4®Sc per *>
Good, clear, bacon sidfes 3&15c per Ik
Average priae forlorn, about 40c per bu
oats. *' 33c per bu
Wheat sells according to quality, local-
ity and facility for shipping, at— 75c£$l 15bu
Texas flour sells according to grade
perlOOfcsat $3 50 & 5 00
Sweet potatoes per bushel ... 30©.50c
44 *4 in winter and spring per
bushel 50c®S1 00
Irish potatoes per bushel 75® 1 50
Pork, per lb 3«v^6c
Lard, per lb 9^1 *U
Butter, per !> 1.^30
Stock hogs, each 1 50^3 00
Sheep 0 00<&3 00
Oxen, per yoke 40 00^50 00
Brick, delivered, per 1000 6 00^10 00
Family implements and machinery, groceries and
Erovisions are as cheap as in any southern state,
a dry goods there Is but very little variation from
the prices in the northern cities.
RIVERS AND WATER-POWER OW
SO UTH WESTERN TEXAS.
About fifty miles northwest of Austin, in
the western part of the county of Burnet, is
the eastern boundary of a low range of Azoic
mountains, consisting of granites and the
older rocks of tne geologists, which extend
west-southwest through the county of Llar.o in-
to geologically unexplored regions. These
mountains give rise to most of the rivers of
southwestern Texas, several of which, in un
derground streams, go many miles southward,
ar^i burst torth into large springs of water, re-
markable for clearness and transparency.
Thus the Sau Marcos, a tributary of the
Gaudalupe, first shows itself to our view, and
then flows on with a rapid current to mingle
its waters with the gulf. These mountains are
probably from fifteen hundred to two thou-
sand feet high, for they have not yet been ac-
curately measured; however, the height of the
barometer indicates that the springs at the
head of the San Marcos are about one thousand
feet above the gulf. This gives a fail of water-
sufficient for ail practical uses, and the volume
of water is enough to propel the largest ma-
chinery; besides, it is constant, being little
alfected by the drouths of summer or the
colds of winter. Nor is the fall of water con-
centrated at or near any one locality, but ex-
tends gradually down the stream to its junc-
tion with the Gaudalupe. The Comal, which
unites with the Gaudalupe at New Braunfels.
has a similar origin. This last river, with its
branches, affords a large and permanent system
of water-power of unequaled beautv. combin-
ing all the advantages needed for profit, health
and pleasure to the manufacturer or operative.
The climate is tempered in summer bv cool
breezes from the gulf; nor is the cold of
winter sufficient to require the doors
and windows of the rooms occupied by the ope-
ratives to be Kept closed. It is well known
that the crowded, ill ventilated rooms of many
of the manufactories of Europe, and of the
northern states bring disease 'and death to
thousands of workmen, thus entailing loss
upon the manufacturer and laborer. Here,
constant cheap water-power can be used in-
stead of steam-power. Here there is the great-
est abundauce of the raw material at hand,
whether cotton, wool or iron be desired. The
growth of wool is already a leading agricultu-
ral business in Texas, especially the western
part of the state. Cotton is the staple of east-
ern Texas, and the cotton lands of the lower
Brazos and Colorado rivers are unsurpassed
for their productiveness. There is an iron
mountain in Llano county, the magnetic oxide,
or magnetite of the mineralogists, whose ore
yields upward of 75 per ceut. of metallic iron,
and a similar iron ore abounds in various parts
of that county, affording more than enough
ore to supply the southern country. Brown
coal (lignite) of a good quality exists in exten-
sive beds in Bastrop and Caldwell counties,
scarcely 100 miles south of the Llano iron ores,
while in the vicinity of the brown coal-beds,
iron ores of an inferior quality abound, some
of which are hermatites, affording from 20 to
50 per cent, of metallic iron, which last, in
most countries, is considered a good yield. The
southern market now has. and will have, a
constantly increasing demand for all goods
made from cotton, wool or iron, particularly
this last, for railroads, machinery, agricultu-
ral implements, etc. Capitalists and man-
ufacturers, who are not tied to any one locality,
need only to be informed of the great advan-
tages presented by western Texas for manufac-
turing, to be induced to go there and engage in
business.
Renting: Lands in Texas.
Where the landlord furnishes the land and
improvements only, and the tenant ths team,
tools and provisions, the landlord receives from
one-fourth to one-third of the crop, and the
tenant has the remainder. Where the land-
lord furnishes everything necessary to the
making of the crop except the provisions for
the family of the tenant, the crop is usually
divided equally between the parties. The two
systems of leasing offer industrious poor men,
and especially those with considerable families,
golden opportunities to become independent
and the owners of farms at an earlv day.
Thousands of men in Texas, who are to-day
independent, and the owners of fine farms,
made the first step towards success by renting
land in the manner described, and many of them
purchased farms with the profits of a single
year's lease. Of course it is more profitable
for a man to buy land, and improve and work
his own farm if hs has the means to do so. but
for those who are destitute of capital, and are
possessed of industry and some knowledge of
farming, the system of renting land for a
share of the crop can not be too highly com-
mended.
The Gonzales Inquirer of December 20,1879
says: Indifferent orchards in Gonzales there
are pear and apple trees in full fruitage of the
second crop, which bids fair to mature and
make good fruit.
sja John C. Hall & Co. u|a
GENERAL
22d and Mechanic Sts.,
GALVESTON.
First-Class Companies Only.
Losses adjusted and paid promptly
Risks written in all parts of tne
state at the lowest rates.
Meuard, Gurnard & Turner,
STATE AGENTS FOR
MANHATTAN LIFE IIS. CO.
OF NEW YORK.
galveston.
C. M. MASON,
Insurance,
176 Strand, Galveston, Tex.
MENARD & GUINARD,
li\ 1 L>,
™ INS
Hloody & Jemison Building,
galveston, texas.
Honey Insured in Registered Letters*
THE NATIONAL 811 OF TEXAS,
GALVESTON".
AUTHORIZED CAPITAL, $500,000.
Capital Paid in
Surplus Fund
$100,000 00
• 50,000 00
Collections made on all accessible
points. Exchange on all principal cities bought
and sold. Loans made on first-olass Securities
»I. KOFPEKL, President.
J. J. HENDLEY, ROBT. J. JOHN.
Vice President. Cashier.
FIRST NATIONAL BAM
OF GALVESTON.
UNITED STATES DEPOSITORY.
Capital Paid In, $200,000 00
Transacts a General Banking Business.J^Foreig-n
and Domestic Exchange bought and sold.
Special attention given to Collections throughout
the State.
JULIUSJRUNGE, President.
C. G. WELLS. WSL GARLICK,
Vice President. Cashier.
BALL, HUTCHIXGS & CO.,
BANKERS,
GALVESTON.
n. o. lauve.
c. H. HUGHES.
TEXAS BANKING & OUS. C-0.
galveston.
CASH CAPITAL, - - $200,000.
r. S, WILLIS. President.
W. R. McALPINE. Vice-Prxsidixt.
N B. SLIGH, Cashier.
t. w. folts.
jno. r. dox>"an*
FOLTS & DONNAN,
BROKERS, EXCHANGE DEALERS AND GEM AGENTS,
Austin, Texas.
Dealers in Securities and Land Certificates. Busi-
ness with all the State Departments and collections
solicited and prompt report made. Sizht collec-
tions remitted for by draft on New York or Galves-
ton at current rate of exchange.
WM. R. JOHNSON,
^Notary Public,
COMMISSIONER OP DEEDS,
United States Commissioner.
WRsbfnston Hotel,
Galveston, iexas.
RICE & BAULARD,
PAINTS AID OILS,
WINDOW GLASS,
Artists' Colors and Tools,
WALL PAPER AND WINDOW SHADES.
TAMT1NE & MURPHY'S COACH VARNISHES,
Wax-Flower Materials, Emblems, Etc.,
GALVBETMfe —
LAUVE & HUGHES,
Fire and Marine Insurance,
office cotton exchange building,
GALVESTON, TEXAS.
fire:
INSURANCE CO. of N0TJTH AMERICA. ROYAL INSURANCE CO.. LIVERPOOL.
LONDON ASSURANCE CORPORATION. C03iMERC1AL UNION ASSURANCE CO.
NEW YORK UNDERWRITERS AGENCY. LONDON .V LANCASHIRE FIRE INS.C0.
HAMBURG-BREMEN FIRE INS. CO. CONNECTICUT FIRE INS. CO.
AMERICAN CENTRAL INS. CO. NORTH WESTERN NATIONAL INS CO.
SHAWMUT INSURANCE CO.
marine:
TEXAS BRANCH OF INSURANCE COMPANY, OF NORTH AMERICA,
AND
ORIENT MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, OF NEW YORK.
Marine Certificates of Insurance, covering Cotton by rail and water, from any point in tho
btate to port of destination.
Loss, if any, payable, at the option of the assured, in London, Paris, Antwerp, Bremen and
Hamburg.
SANBORN & WARNER, manufacturers' sole agents for THE
STATE OF TEX_S, FOK
STEEL BARB FENCE .WIRE
G[ALVAfflZED™jAPAHHED.
J®
Made from two No. 1 '2 Steel Wires, guaranteed tensile strength of one galv.-mized liariu w ire 14961
Iu>u I* strongest and most effective Barb Wire made. Its sales are live times greater than:
that of all other wires combined.
The improved 4"Polntod Rarb "Wire, as shown above. Galvanized or Painted, at ?Iantifac**
turer® Prices. Send for Samples and Prices, now in effect, before placing vour orders
MAIN OFFICE AND DEPOT—HOI'STON. TEXAS.
BRANCH DEPOTS FOR NORTHERN TEXAS-R. V. TO.!IPKI\S, DALLAS.
•• : -- —itVERS HROS., SHERMAN.
J. 8. BROWN &
HARDWARE MERCHANTS,
strand, galveston. texas
Offer Interior Merchants SPECIAL ADVANTAGES in the following Lines of Goods:
Milburn Wagons, Carts and Buck board Huskies,
\m} STEEL. CASTINGS, KAILS. SADDLERY. TINWARE, WOODENWARE. MANTELS, CRATER
Wagon and Bugsry Materials, Paints. Oils. Varnishes, Brashes, Rubber Belting,
AND THE LARGEST ASSORTMENT OF
TABLE AN I) POO K E T CUTLERY
EVER EXHIBITED IN TEXAS.
Sole Agent for LYON'S PATENT HEEL STIFFENERS at Manufacturers* Prices.
The Milburn Wagon Co
MANUFACTURERS OF
FARM AND SPRING
WAGONS,
BUGGIES AND CARRIAGES
toledo, oiiio.
DAN S. MALYEN, Agent for Texas.
PIAN OS—$200.
THOS. GOGGrAN & BRO,
galveston,
IMPORTERS, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS • IX
ACC0RDE0NS, VIOLINS, STRINGS, ETC. STATE AGENTS F0®
WEBER, warn AND EMERSON HIM
and MASON & HAMLIN ORGANS. State agents for the ORGUINETTE, the greatest musical wondfif
of the age; anybody can play it. Send for circulars^iid^prioc list^ro^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ J"* RO
Piano and Iflusic Dealers, Gal veston, Texan.
W. H. NICHOLS & CO.,
Commission Merchants
galveston, texas.
POSTOFFICE BOX 452. STRAND. SEXT TO CORVER TRE5IOST STREET1,
CONSIGNMENTS, ORDERS AND CORRESPONDENCE RESPECTFULLY SOLICITED. REFER TO
T. "W. Peirce, Esq., Boston; W. M. Rice, Esq., Dunellen, N. J : George Sealy, Esq.. Galveston, Texas
Importers and wholesale dealers In
| J. C. G0RHAH,
'' 1CEDT FOR IISTJTE OF THIS
tin plate,
TINN ERS' TOOLS AND STOCK,
Plain and Stamped Tinware,"
HOUSEHOLD GOODS GENERALLY.
Manufacturers of the Celebrated
J)
AMERICAN,
IMPROVED PRIDE OF TEXAS,
NEW PUOT,
And a full line of first-class Cooking and Heating
Stoves, Grates, Mantles, Etc. Send for Prices.
BRIDGEF0RD & CO.
Salesroom—Galveston, Texas*
Foundry—IiOnisTille, Ky.
AGENTS FOR THE CELEBRATE! ERINLEY PLOW.
W. SELKIRK & €0.,
Ill'
And
iilr
House-Furnishing Hardware.
Oil AND LOYAL ACORN
Stoves.
i, WOOBEWARE, CUTLERY, ETC.
Orders from tbe Interior Solicited.
169 and 171 Tremont Street,
GALVESTON.
k
Gas Fitters and Plumbers,
112 FostofBce St., Galveiton,
Plain MiKialvanizedWronght Iron Pipe
Steam & Malleable Fittings,
Sheet Lead aud^Lead Pipe,
GAS FIXTURES, PI MPS. GAUGES AP COCKS
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
Job Work Promptly Attended To,
BERNARD H. SCHMIDT.
OFFICE AND SALESROOM, 34 MAIX ST.
HOUSTON, .... TEXAS.
Iros and Steel Rails and Fastenings. Cars. En-
gines and Railroad Supplies erenerally. Merchant
Bar Iron and N'afls. Eureka Fire Hose Co. s
"Eoreka," "Paragon" and ''Red Cross"
Fire Hose. Rathbone. Sard A Co.'s Stoves and
Ranges. Purchasing Agent in Old Rails, Car Wheels
Axles. Cast and Wrought Scrap. Iron.
Shipments from Factories and TCIIls
Direct.
OF THE
AND
SECIILER&Co.,
CARRIAGE BUILDERS,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
A DEPOT F(
these Wagons and Carriages
at Austin, where orders mil
,V3
ve d and
THE SALE
es has been
be receivei
promptly attended to.
Persons wishing it. may have their goods shipped
direct from tho manufactories.
Liberaitliscouuts given to dealers.
THE CELEBRATED
Abbott & Downing* Concord Buggy
is always on hand and for sale.
i&Bteairts
M. P. HEJViVESSY,
manufacturer of and dealer in
Stoves, Tinware,
HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS, ETC.,
11? TREMONT STREET. P. O. BOX 60S.
Galveston, Texas.
♦< SI L0UIS,M0.>
I1T1 ICE CO,
Dealers i\ bostox ice as#
agents for Anheuser-Busch
Brewing- Association.
I St. Louis Celebrated LAGER BEER kept in k*
vaults at a temperature of 40 degrees Pahrenheit.
Price, $5 per half barrel and 50 per quarter b*^
rel.
TEX A S CONSOLIDATED ICE C05IP»N*
galvestox texas.
TilEO. h THOMPSON,
(Successor to DAVID WAKELEE)
208 Strand, Galveston, Texas.
A FULL STOCK OF
SHIP CHANDLERY
and
NAVAL STORES
ALWAYS ON HAND,
Consisting, in part, of CANVAS and DUCK, PAINTS-
OILS. BOATS, OARS and SPARS. MANILA,
HEMP and WIRE ROPE. BLOCKS and
SHEAVES for Ferries, Presses, etc.
Sails Tents and Tarpaulins made to order.
Orders from the interior solicited, and will recetas
prompt attention.
E. S. WOOD & SON,
(Established 1840)
IMPORTERS OF
FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC HARDWARE,
STBA>D, GALVESTON.
COAL! COAL!
Foreign and Domestic Coal.
Georgia Creek Cumberland Black-
smith COA£< a Specialty.
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL,
COUNTRY ORDERS SOLICITED.
I. ff. IMfiOSH, Galveston.
POWELL & GAGE,
DALLAS, TEXAS.
LAND LOCATIXfi MEMS.
We are thoroughly acquainted with the Publie
Lands of the state, having surveyed and located
mauy colonies, stock ranchosand farms.
Oar TOap of the State Sent Free.
e. if. powell. X. L. OAQ*.
GEO. H. HENCHMAN,
Roseud&le and Portland
CEMENT, PLASTER
FIRE BRICK. CONCRETE PIPE and CHIMNEYS.
Largest Stock of
BUILDI.NO MATERIAL
In the State—50 Tons pure W 1. Asphalt
Sole Agent for Baylor's Portland
GULVVSOM.
i it*
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The Galveston Daily News. (Galveston, Tex.), Vol. 38, No. 241, Ed. 1 Monday, December 29, 1879, newspaper, December 29, 1879; (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth464579/m1/4/: accessed March 28, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Abilene Library Consortium.