Soil survey, Kaufman County, Texas Page: 47 of 80
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SOIL SURVEY OF KAUFMAN COUNTY, TEXAS 45
Other areas occur on the point of highland between the Trinity River
and the East Fork Trinity River. The soil is one of the most extensive
light-colored sandy soils in the county. The relief is nearly level
to gently undulating, surface drainage is very slow, and here and
there water stands on the surface for a few days. Internal drainage
also is slow. Erosion generally is not active in unprotected cultivated
fields. The uncleared areas are occupied by a forest of rather
small and slow-growing trees, mostly post oak and blackjack oak, the
latter being confined largely to the sandy mounds, together with some
red oak and hickory.
Inherently Leaf fine sandy loam is moderately fertile, but, under
the prevailing system of agriculture in which crops are grown with
little attempt at soil improvement, yields are very much reduced.
About one-half of this land is cropland, one-half of which is devoted
to cotton. Corn is next in importance; grain sorghums, sorgo, cowpeas,
and truck and fruit crops are grown on small acreages. The
present average productivity of the cultivated land is low. Cotton
yields about 100 pounds of lint and corn 10 bushels to the acre. The
productivity of new land exceeds considerably that of the old land,
as is indicated by yields of about one-third bale of cotton and 15 to 20
bushels of corn. In places drainage is too slow for the best production
of vegetable and fruit crops.
Cahaba fine sandy loam.-Cahaba fine sandy loam is a smooth
soil developed on high flat terraces of old alluvium. In virgin areas
the topmost 2 inches of the surface soil is grayish-brown fine sandy
loam. In cultivated fields the surface soil is pale grayish-brown acid
light fine sandy loam or loamy fine sand 6 inches thick. This is underlain
by pale grayish-yellow acid loamy fine sand or fine sandy loam,
which grades into the subsoil at a depth ranging from 12 to 24 inches.
The subsoil is yellowish-red friable slightly acid sandy clay and, at
a depth of about 60 inches, gives way to the parent material consisting
of beds of yellow noncalcareous sands and sandy clays of alluvial
origin. The soil has excellent tilth and is easily worked.
Cahaba fine sandy loam occupies small areas on the very high terraces
in the southwestern part of the county and more extensive areas
on the lower terraces. A typical area is 1 mile south of Rosser. Surface
drainage is slow but free, and underdrainage is good. The soil
is not subject to rapid soil erosion when cultivated. The relief is
gently undulating, and the surface gradient ranges from 1 to 2
percent. The uncleared areas support a cover of oak trees.
Cahaba fine sandy loam is potentially a very productive soil. It has
excellent physical characteristics and, where fertilized and well managed,
produces good yields of a wide variety of crops. Most of the
soil under cultivation contains a small supply of organic matter and
available plant nutrients. Under prevailing farm practice the yields
are very low. About three-fourths of the land is in cultivation, most
of which is devoted to general cotton farming. Corn is the principal
feed crop. Small areas are utilized for the production of peaches,
berries, sweetpotatoes, and other fruit and truck crops. The soil is
an excellent site for garden and fruit crops, and these crops are more
important on this soil than on any other soil in the county. Most of
the fields have been farmed for about 50 years without the general use
of manures or fertilizers, and the average acre yields are about 100
pounds of cotton lint and 10 bushels of corn. In the few small areas
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Soil map, Kaufman County, Texas (Map)
Map displays soil types, creeks, lakes, towns, churches, schools, roads, railroads, and Texas Land Office survey lines. Includes legend and symbols. A polyconic projection, North American Datum. "Horizontal control by Texas State Reclamation Department. 10000 foot grid based upon Texas (North central) system of plane coordinates."
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Templin, E. H. (Edward Henry) & Huckabee, J.W. (John Walter). Soil survey, Kaufman County, Texas, book, June 1940; Washington D.C.. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth19775/m1/47/?rotate=90: accessed May 5, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.