Photograph of a donkey, loaded down with supplies, lying on a desert floor. Mountains are visible in the background. A handwritten note on the back of the photo reads: "Mexico - Revolutios - dead."
Photograph of a large group of Federal soldiers in formation. The soldiers are dressed in dark uniforms and caps. They have bandoleers of ammunition strapped across their chests and rifles at their sides. The photo was taken in the courtyard of a large building. There are two dogs lying on the ground near the soldiers furthest from the camera.
Photograph of a unit of Federal soldiers marching down the street. They are wearing U.S. style tunics and trousers and pith helmets. Two women with large satchels are walking alongside the soldiers. People gather alongside the road to watch the troops march by to their next location.
Photograph of a Federal unit in formation. The Federals are wearing dark colored uniforms and caps. The majority of the soldiers have strings of ammunition across their chests. Their rifles are held on the right side of their bodies. Two dogs are lying on the ground.
Photograph of two men in uniform and staff from the Juarez Mayor's office. The group was photographed in front of the Mayor's office in Juarez, Mexico. The three women and two men photographed alongside the Federals are unidentified.
Photograph of Federal soldiers resting by a train. The group in the center of the photo, with most of their backs turned to the camera, appear to be in the process of cooking. This unit's uniforms include white pants, white or gray hats, a satchel, and a long black overcoat. An individual in the foreground, who is looking directly into the camera, appears to be a boy in his teens.
Photograph of Federal soldiers standing by for orders. Several homes and structures are visible in the background. Most of the Federals are standing by their horses as another Federal, perhaps an officer, walks by examining them. Two Federals on the left hand side of the photo are standing next to some artillery pieces. The soldiers' presence has drawn a crowd of local men and young boys. The Federals appear to be dressed in a khaki dyed cotton uniform.
Photograph of Federal soldiers loading equipment and attaching harnesses onto horses for travel. The Federals photographed appear to be an artillery unit. There are a few cannons and other machinery visible in the photograph. A few young boys can be seen looking on.
Photograph of two horse-drawn field ambulances being followed by a dozen or so officers mounted on horseback. Right behind the officers are several companies of infantry soldiers and more wagons. Electric and telegraph lines/poles can be seen on both sides of this road.
Photograph of field artillery cannons. These artillery pieces were brought in to protect the town of Columbus, New Mexico after the raids by Mexican rebels. These small but effective cannons were ideal for combat in the desert because of their mobility. In the background a "mule train" carries additional supplies. Beyond the pack animals and on top of the mesa, U.S. Soldiers can be seen using signal flags to contact a distant signaling post.
Photograph of a revolutionary soldier on one knee, ready to fire. His hat lies on the ground directly behind him. Two other soldiers, on the left side of the photo, lie on the ground. One appears to be reloading his rifle, while the other is holding a pair of binoculars in his hands.
Photograph of soldiers practicing at the rifle range. There are many men laying down on the ground, holding rifles and pointing down range. The soldiers are wearing military uniforms and hats. In the background is a stadium seating area.
Photograph of seven DH-4 (De Havilland) airplanes flying over Fort Bliss, Texas. Below the planes, soldiers can be seen walking, riding, and standing as they watch the planes fly by. Military buildings and vehicles are seen scattered below on the ground. The Franklin Mountains are in the background. Information on the back of the photo states that the "Fly-By" over Fort Bliss was done in honor of General John J. Pershing's return to Fort Bliss after his service in World War I. The photo was taken from below the Officer's Club on February 2, 1920.
Photograph of Francisco Ignacio Madero Gonzalez. Sitting next to Madero, wearing a black coat, is Federico Garza. Across from Madero and Garza is "Soldier of Fortune" Guiseppi Garibaldi. Francisco Madero served as Presidente of Mexico from 1911 to 1913. Madero was betrayed by General Victoriano Huerta and was executed on February 22, 1913. This photograph was taken at Madero's camp in Ciuadad Juarez, just across the river from where Smeltertown would have been located.
Photograph of Pancho Villa. This is a rare photograph of Francisco Villa. General Villa is the man who is standing on top of the first railroad boxcar. The photograph is rare because Villa appears to be smiling. The men who are riding on top of these railroad boxcars are Villista revolutionists. Villa’s men and supporters became known as Villistas. Strewn among the men is a mixture of hammers, shovels and rifles. At the end of the first boxcar there is a small white wooden crate. The label on the crate reads: Alaskan Salmon. Although there was probably no salmon in the small crate, the crate was most likely used as a storage container by the man lying down nearest to the crate. The exact location of where this photograph was taken is not known.
Photograph of Francisco Villa and his officers. The gentlemen from left to right are Rodolfo Fierro, Francisco "Pancho" Villa, Tomás Urbina, and Captain Juan Garcia. The first three gentlemen in this photograph are wearing pocket watches.
Photograph of the funeral for Abraham Gonzalez. The funeral took place in the parlor of the Governors Palace at Chihuahua. The casket is surrounded by officers and military advisers. Text underneath the photograph reads: "Abraham Gonzles [sic] lying in state, governor of the state of Chihuahua."
Photograph of dead revolutionaries stacked on top of one another on a wagon. A body that has yet to be picked up is on the ground to the right of the wagon. All of the deceased have had their shoes removed. Other revolutionaries stand solemnly.
Photograph of the rebel general, Agustin Estrada. Estrada was a general in Pancho Villa's rebel army, the Division del Norte (the Division of the North). Estrada was appointed garrison commander in 1912. He participated in the Battle of Celaya, April 6-15, 1915, fighting under Villa against Alvaro Obregon. Villa's cavalry suffered large losses in the battle, General Agustin Estrada was one of the casualties; he was killed leading his cavalry brigade against Obregon's forces.
Photograph of General Carranza and officers standing in front of a train car. All the men are wearing hats and outdoor suits. General Carranza has a long white beard and is standing in the center of the group.
Photograph of General Emilio P. Campa standing next to a telephone. General Campa is seated on an old 'La Nacional Jabon (soap)' box. Campa is also holding an edition of the El Paso Herald newspaper in his hand. The Newspaper's date is not known. The newspaper's title reads in part: "Incendiary Circulars Are B...." The El Paso Herald first went into circulation in 1881. In 1931 the El Paso Herald merged with another local newspaper, the El Paso Post, and the two merged to become the El Paso Herald-Post. The El Paso Herald-Post ceased operations in 1997. A variety of weapons and ammunitions can also be seen in this photograph.
Photograph of General Emilio P. Campa talking into a telephone. There is a small unidentified electronic box with a hand crank next to the telephone pole.
Photograph of General Emilio P. Campa. General Emilio P. Campa is the 10th man from the left. General Campa was one of Orozco's subordinate commanders. Some of the men in this photograph were the personal bodyguards to General Campa. General Campa and General Salazar were good friends with Pascual Orozco and fought against the Constitutional Army. The Constitutional Army was formed in March 1913 by Venustiano Carranza. Some of the weaponry seen in this photo includes bolt action Mausers, repeating Winchester rifles, long swords, handguns and bandoliers ladened with ammunition.
Photograph of General Funston. He is wearing his military uniform and hat. He has two stars on his right shoulder to represent his official position. The General is standing in front of a building that has a window. Accompanying information states: "Portrait of General Funston. General Funston has a highly distinguished and decorated career with the United States Army. He was best known for his role in the Spanish - American War and the Philippine - American War. He received the Medal of Honor for his actions in the Philippine - American War."
Photograph of General Hugh L. Scott meeting with General Francisco Villa. In the photograph, there are six men walking away from a trolley car. According to accompanying information, Scott was sent to El Paso by President Woodrow Wilson to meet with Villa.
Photograph of General Hugh L. Scott and W. F. Cody ("Buffalo Bill"). The men are standing outside of General Scott's house. The General is wearing a uniform and Cody is wearing a suit; both are wearing hats. Behind them, a child is standing on the front porch.
Photograph of General Hugh Lenox. Scott. General Hugh L. Scott (September 22, 1853–April 30, 1934) established his headquarters at Fort Bliss, Texas in 1913. Hugh L. Scott was in charge of the of the El Paso Military District until 1914.
Photograph of General Joseph T. Dickman at Fort Bliss, Texas. Dickman is shown with other officers riding on horse back. The officers are wearing military uniforms and hats. Fort Bliss is in the background along with automobiles to the left of the image. There are also two children watching the officers riding down the dirt road.
Photograph of General Chao stands second from the left in front of a staircase. Chao later became governor of Chihuahua, Mexico. The two men on either side of General Chao and a military officer are wearing suits and holding guns.
Photograph of General Maximo Castillo. The other intellectual general was Jose Isabel Robles. Castillo would eventually break off from Villa and would operate as a separate fighting force. After the break from Villa, Villa had men sent after him to deal with him. Castillo once captured Villa's wife, Luz Corral. Castillo's specialty was in robbing and taking over trains in which Americans were traveling on. There is a blurred train trestle in the background.
Photograph of General John J. Pershing and fellow army servicemen on horseback in formation. The group appears to be part of a presentation of some sort. In the background, automobiles are lined up from side to side, indicating Pershing and staff has an audience. In the far distance, the outline of the Franklin Mountains is visible. A note on the back of the photo states that this photo of Pershing was taken on his first visit to El Paso after WWI in 1920.
Photograph of General Venustiano at the race track. He is standing on a balcony, looking down at the track. On the right side of the general is a line of woman. Below the general is a dining room with tables and chairs.
Photograph of General Venustaino Carranza with local leaders of the revolution. Some men are wearing suits and ties, while others are wearing military uniforms with hats. The general is greeting one of the local leaders.
Photograph of General Venustiano Carranza standing in a crowd of people in front of a train wearing his military uniform and hat. There are people in the train leaning out the window look at the General. The General is being greeted by people outside of the train.
Photograph of General Antonio I. Villareal and a group of his men. All of them, with the exception of one, are on horseback. Accompanying information also states that this photo was taken in February of 1911, before the attack on Ojinaga, Mexico.
Photograph of General Roque Gonzles Garza and General Blanco-Rual Madero. The men are standing in front Mexican soldiers that are on horses. In the foreground, a third man is reading from a piece of paper.
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