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[Diary Entries, Eugene Houston]
Handwritten diary pages from Eugene J. "Gene" Houston, who served on the U.S.S. Gillespie during World War Two. Ranging from a few words to a few sentences, the entries are dated and mention naval activities in the Pacific Theater.
[Nutrition Course]
Nutritional course pamphlet by the National Defense Program, Syracuse, N.Y. diet plans, food equivalents and substitutions are outlined, including recipes for sour cream dressing; cooked salad dressing; carrot, apple and raisin salad; cabbage, spinach, apple and raisin salad; macaroni, celery, and green pepper salad; potato and beet salad; prune and cottage cheese salad; and tomato and cottage cheese salad.
[Recipes]
Recipe pamphlet by the National Defense Program, Syracuse, N.Y. on how to make cream soups and white sauces. Recipes include cream of spinach soup, peanut butter soup, braised kidney and vegetable stew, liver loaf with crumbs, baked stuffed haddock, fluffy omelet, cheese scuffle.
[Recipes]
Pamphlet from the Nutrition Committee of Onondaga County and Syracuse with recipes for meatloaf with oatmeal, liver loaf with crumbs, liver in casserole, breaded kidneys, and scalloped corn.
[Recipes]
Pamphlet with recipes for peanut butter soup, spinach soup, raw vegetable salad, sour cream dressing, and baked hamburger with vegetables.
[Sugarless Desserts]
Recipe pamphlet by the National Defense Program, Syracuse, N.Y. on how to make sugarless desserts. Recipes include cherry blancmange, cherry sauce, coffee custard, strawberry marshmallow pudding, fruit brown bread.
[University of California Football Ticket]
Football game ticket for the University of California for the season of 1942. Ticket states that football games were 50 cents for servicemen in uniform.
[Doolittle Raid Operation Log, April 18, 1942]
Operation Log from the Doolittle Raid taken from the USS Hornet by then SN Leo R. Cantrell. Written in pencil, the document gives minute by minute detail of the launch, with exact times, and includes launch times for each take-off by plane number
Oral History Interview with Vernon Oates, October 21, 1942
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Vernon Oates. He discusses his childhood, education and growing up during the great depression. He talks about joining the US Army Air Corps, now called the Air Force, and the experiences he had at various different training camps around the country.
[Envelope Addressed to Mrs. Rena L. Wolsheimer and Miss Julio O. Flikke, 1943~]
Envelope from Mrs. F. M. Borey, Washington, D.C. Handwritten in pencil on lower half: '8-28-43 - Gave her names of Mrs. Rena L. Wolsheimer (7-13-43), also Miss Julio O. Flikke, 103 Anne St., Takoma Park, Md (5-26-43) also Mme. [illegible (Carla? Courea?)], 2006 Columbia Road, N.W.'. Front of envelope has been removed by creator.
[Victory Food Specials for 1943]
Single sheet of home front recipes titled, "Victory Food Specials for 1943." Recipes include omelet with vegetables, eggs and spinach, and meat loaf.
[Press Release: Gun Crew on Coast Guard Cutter Campbell Aided in Attack That Sank Sub]
Text of press release dated April 20, 1963 listing the names of eleven service members enlisted in the United States Coast Guard who participated in an attack that resulted in the sinking of a German submarine.
[Envelope Addressed to Cecelia McKie, May 10, 1943]
Envelope addressed to Mrs. William L. McKie, Sacramento, California from Mrs. Leslie D. Ames (Mary C. Ames), Camden, Maine.
["Indian Summer" Social Program]
Program for the "'Indian Summer' Social" that honored the recent graduates and held at Mess Hall 45 at Poston, AZ Relocation Camp. Lists the songs played during the dance.
["Farewell Social" Program]
Program for the "Farewell Social 'Till We Meet Again'" honoring Boyle Heights' inductees, sponsored by the "Boyle Heights Indians" and held at the Block 45 Mess Hall in Poston Relocation Camp. The 'Boyle Heights Indians' were a self-created and named social group from Poston's Block 45.
[Merry Christmas Flyer]
Flyer sent by the Office of Dependency Benefits titled "Merry Christmas and Happy New Year."
[Operations Plans, Iwo Jima, 4th Marine Division]
Document describing the debarkation and approach schedule, air and naval gunfire support, and other plans for the proposed invasion of Iwo Jima, 4th Marine Division.
Tonight At Iwo Jima
Typed document recording the account of Edward H. De Wolf, who served on LST (H) 931 at Iwo Jima, describing the scene in a front line hospital ship following the initial invasion of Iwo Jima. The document graphically describes the assault on that island and the activity on LST (H) 931 during it.
[Radio Interview with Vice Adm. R. K. Turner and Gen. H. M. Smith, Transcript]
Typed transcript of interview conducted by radio interviewer Richard S. 'Cactus' Pryor with Vice Adm. R. K. Turner and Gen. H. M. Smith the day after the Iwo Jima flag raising and consists of commentary about that event and other combat operations taking place on the island at that time.
["Anniversary Waltz" Dance Program]
"Anniversary Waltz" dance program sponsored by; "Tri-V's and COEDS," held at Poston, AZ Relocation Camp.
[Tobacco Ration Card]
Tobacco ration card issued to "Holler, Carl A. F."
[Shoe Purchase Coupon]
Shoe purchase coupon for Carl A. F. Holler and administered by the Office of Price Administration.
Surrender Ceremony - 2 September 1945
Hal Lamar's copy of a document entitled "Surrender Ceremony, 2 September 1945." The document lists a Schedule of Arrivals, Procedure for Assembling, and lists the names of Officers, Allied Representatives, and Japanese Representatives expected to attend. Several diagrams lay out the personnel arrangements on the USS Missouri.
Surrender Ceremony - Sequence of Events
Document describing the surrender ceremony sequence of events on Truk Islands aboard the USS Portland. Document gives instructions on meeting and interacting with the Japanese delegation during the surrender. The appendices illustrate arrangement of personnel.
T-N-T
Typed account "T-N-T" of bombing of USS Marathon at Okinawa on July 22, 1945, written by Kenneth E. Haden of the ship's crew. Included with the document is an envelope addressed to Mrs. Silas Haden with handwritten notes including "Kenneth account of Bombing."
Oral History Interview with John Bumgarner, March 18, 1995
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with John Bumgarner. He discusses his childhood and education and what led him to join the US Army. He describes his experiences as a doctor during World War Two and how he was captured and lived in a Japanese POW camp.
[Honorable Certificate of Service for Mary L. Laager]
Certificate of service for honorable service presented to Mary L Laager, First Lieutenant, Regular Army, listing the dates of service.
Oral History Interview with a Palau Native
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with a native of Palau born in 1917. He lived briefly in Saipan and returned to Angaur, Palau, as a young man. In 1943 when the bombing of Palau first began, he volunteered for the Japanese Navy to avoid starvation, since natives were prohibited from buying imported food such as rice. He boarded a ship that was sunk by an American submarine and spent the night floating amidst 12-foot sharks. In the morning, he swam to a damaged but surviving Japanese ship and repaired their engine upon boarding. He then spent 10 months on an island at a Japanese airbase that sustained daily bombings. When the base was invaded by Australian troops, he hid in the jungle for three months before surrendering. He spent 10 months at a prisoner-of-war camp on Morotai. In 1946, he returned to Saipan and was reunited with his family.
Oral History Interview with Aaron C. Kulow
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Aaron C. Kulow. Kulow grew up in Michigan and enlisted in the Navy in 1942. After training, he joined the ship USS Pollux AKS-4 at Norfolk, Virginia. Initially the ship runs trips down to the Carribbean and Brazil but in 1943 is fitted with radar and sent to the Pacific Theater. In the Pacific, the general stores issue ship visited Australia, New Guinea, the Admiralty Islands, and the New Hebrides Islands. He then returned to San Francisco in 1944 where his wife met him to get married. He left for the Pacific again and in 1945 traveled to the Philippines. In 1945 Kulow met survivors of the Bataan Death March that had been liberated. He remembers going to a friend's burial in the Philippines. On V-J Day Kulow was at Manila Harbor. He left for America in October 1945 and was discharged in New York December 12, 1945.
Oral History Interview with Alex Trentoff
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Alex Trentoff. Trentoff was born to Russian parents who immigrated to Yap during the Russian Civil War. He recalls his childhood in Chamorro Bay as peaceful and easy. His family tended livestock and the island had a rich agricultural foundation. He worked as a domestic servant for a Japanese military officer who may have been an American spy. He remembers hearing the officer speak English with his parents during evening visits. Trentoff followed instructions to lay certain-colored pieces of laundry in specific formations in the field by the officer’s house. He would often see the officer climb a mountain wearing all white so that he would be plainly visible to American planes. The officer’s home was never bombed or came under machine gun fire, despite the rest of the valley being decimated. He also went past the reef and left handwritten messages in a bottle daily. When the war ended, the officer disappeared with American troops and was never seen again. Trentoff trained with the American Navy at Yap, and although he enjoyed the work a great deal, the salaries paid to Chamorros were too low. The cost of living rose with the establishment of the Trust Territory, but Trentoff was still eventually able to retire after working for many years in the construction industry.
Oral History Interview with Alfred Wunderlich
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Alfred Wunderlich. Wunderlich recalls working on restoring the old Nimitz Hotel in Fredericksburg when he was a young man prior to being married.
Oral History Interview with Allan Champion
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Allan Champion. Champion was born in New Guinea in 1905 and spent his career in the Australian civil service. He was stationed at Buna in 1942 as assistant resident magistrate when a B-17 piloted by Fred Eaton went missing. Champion received a coded message instructing him to locate and rescue the crew. He traveled up the Musa River and found them in a small village. He brought them back to Buna and coordinated their safe return. Eaton resumed his missions, signaling hello to Champion whenever he flew over Buna. Champion abandoned his station later that year when the Japanese invaded. After the war, he was tasked with rehabilitating war-torn villages. He retired from civil service in 1960. This interview was conducted in 1988 as part of the effort to recover Eaton’s plane, which is now on display at the Pacific Aviation Museum.
Oral History Interview with Alpha Bowser
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Alpha Bowser. Bowser joined the Marine Corps and completed basic training at the Philadelphia Naval Yard in June 1933. He received further training at fleet gunnery school and attended field artillery school at Fort Sill. In February 1937 he served as Roosevelt’s security guard at Warm Springs and got to know the president well. In June 1940 he returned to Quantico as an artillery instructor. He joined the 3rd Marine Division at Camp Lejeune and was promoted to major. In July 1942 he activated the 2nd Battalion, 12th Marines. He became G-3 of the 3rd Marine Division during the Bougainville operation. On 24 July 1944 he went to Guam as a lieutenant colonel. He landed just after the assault waves with his recon party under heavy fire. He sent for his batteries early and lost 35 men that day. His landings at Saipan and Tinian were much easier, and he lost no men at Iwo Jima. Bowser returned home in June 1945 and was tasked with demobilizing the Marine Corps. He describes the origin and efficacy of the points system. Bowser went on to participate in the planning of the Inchon landing. He marveled at the mobilization of the Reserves, and he served alongside some of the same men in both World War II and the Korean War. Bowser enjoyed a prestigious career and retired as Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic, in June 1967.
Oral History Interview with Alton Halbrook, {1972-03-21,1972-04-18}
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Alton Halbrook. Halbrook joined the Marine Corps in 1938 while enrolled at John Tarleton Agricultural College (Tarleton State University). After training at San Diego, Halbrook was assigned to duty in Shanghai before serving as a sea-going Marine aboard the USS Augusta (CA-31). Due to seasickness, he returned to the 4th Marine Regiment in China. Halbrook shares several stories of duty in China prior to the outbreak of war with Japan. When he asked permission to marry a Greek girl in Shanghai, the Marines shipped him to Cavite in the Philippines in early 1941. Halkbrook was present at the Cavite Navy Yard when the Japanese attacked in December, 1941. He recalls being supremely confident, cocky even, that when it came to a fight with the Japanese, the Americans would prevail easily. His illusion was shattered the day following the attack on Cavite when he was burying his dead friends. During the battle for Bataas, Halbrook hauled supplies from Manila until he was assigned to beach defense on Corregidor. Before Bataan fell, Halbrook volunteered to command a hastily organized unit of Philippine Army riflemen and went back to Bataan. He spent 37 days on the front lines with these troops. Just as Bataan fell, Halbrook escaped to Corregidor. He remained there until that island surrendered. While still on Corregidor shortly after the surrender, Halbrook recalls an incident involving fellow-POW, John David Provoo. Halbrook volunteered for several different work details, including driving Japanese officers and cremating corpses. He describes an incident that occurred while driving General Yamashita around Corregidor. Eventually, Halbrook was sent to Cabanatuan. He also spent some time in Camp O’Donnell, Batangas and Clark Field working various burial, bridge building and airfield maintenance details. Halbrook recalls when the Americans …
Oral History Interview with Antonio Borja
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Antonio Borja. In 1938, Borja left his home in Tinian to attend navigator school in Saipan. He was in school and aboard ships until 1942 but did not graduate, due to the war. He sailed mostly in the Marianas and requested to leave for a vacation in Rota as he became increasingly concerned about his safety aboard ship. He was recruited for the Japanese army in Rota and served for two years in the artillery. When the United States liberated the island, Borja recalls that he was treated well and provided with clothing, food, and healthcare. Presuming that his parents had been killed during the war, Borja was surprised to learn in 1953 that they had been sent to Okinawa. His parents remained there for the rest of their lives, while Borja remained on Tinian.
Oral History Interview with Arleigh Burke
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents a monologue by Arleigh Burke. In March of 1944, Burke was promoted to Chief of Staff to the Commander of Task Force 58, the Fifth Fleet's Fast Carrier Task Force, which was commanded by Admiral Marc Mitscher. Burke shares two versions of his bedtime story on the incident of Turn on the Lights during the Battle of the Philippine Sea. He shares the events that ensued, while aboard the USS Bunker Hill (CV-17), in the Philippine Sea beginning 19 June 1944. He describes the day long battle, also known as the Marianas Turkey Shoot, when the Japanese fleet launched an attack against the US Fleet the Mariana Islands campaign. He provides vivid details of his experiences through this battle.
Oral History Interview with Artie Stocks
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Artie Stocks. Stocks joined the U.S. Marine Corps on 13 September 1940. In December of 1941 Stocks was taken prisoner during the Battle of Wake Island. He vividly describes this event. He was held as a prisoner of war for 44 months. Stocks was discharged in February of 1946. In early 1952 he went back into the Corps and served in the Korean War. And, in 1966 Stocks served in the Vietnam War. He provides some details of these experiences. He retired in October of 1967.
Oral History Interview with August Wickert
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with August Wickert. Wickert joined the Army around February of 1943. Around late 1943, early 1944, they traveled to Italy, where Wickert was captured and imprisoned for 13 months. He shares vivid details of his experiences as a prisoner of war and liberation by the Russians.
Oral History Interview with B. K. Atkins
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents a monologue by B K Atkins. Atkins was the skipper of the destroyer, USS Melvin (DD-680). His ship provided escort support for naval forces. He provides some details of the Melvin. They participated in the occupation of Majuro, Guam, the Caroline Islands, Ulithi and the invasion of the Philippine Islands. Atkins provides details of their involvement in the Battle of Leyte Gulf. They operated with fast carrier attack forces until the final Japanese surrender.
Oral History Interview with Bernard Isaacs
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents a monologue by Bernard Isaacs. Isaacs joined the Navy after attending the University of Wisconsin. Upon completion of basic training, he was sent back to UW to become a medic. However, he asked to be transferred to the School of Athletic Specialists and sent to Camp Lawrence, Great Lakes, where he trained recruits who would become the Navy’s first African-American commissioned officers, also known as The Golden 13. Isaacs was proud that his boot company competed against all-white companies and won the E Flag, or flag of excellence. Isaacs was next sent to OTS at Columbia University, graduating with a specialty in navigation. He was assigned to USS LCI(L)-965, participating in the Philippines campaigns. While in French Indochina, he once flew as a passenger with an ace pilot who kept a cocker spaniel by his side. Isaacs narrowly survived a typhoon at Okinawa, assuming the role of captain and circling the USS Hope (AH-7) until the weather cleared. He went on to China to help evacuate Nationalists before returning to the States. His family had much to celebrate, as his brother, who had been a prisoner-of-war in Europe, also returned home safely.
Oral History Interview with Bernard Peterson
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents a monologue with Bernard Peterson. Peterson joined the Navy in February of 1941. He completed Aviation Machinist School, and joined Torpedo Squadron Three. Peterson, with his squadron, served aboard the USS Enterprise (CV-6) beginning July 1942, supporting landings on Guadalcanal 1942. On 24 August 1942, Enterprise exchanged blows with a powerful Japanese carrier force, and Enterprise sustained severe damage from three bomb hits received during an intense dive-bombing attack. Peterson returned to the US and was discharged in late 1945.
Oral History Interview with Bernard Synder
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Bernard Synder. Synder joined the Navy in January of 1944. Beginning in July, he served as Radarman aboard the USS Roi (CVE-103), transporting supplies to the Hebrides Islands. He was then transferred to USS Chenango (CVE-28), where he remained through his service in the Navy. Synder participated in the invasions of the Marianas, Leyte and Okinawa. He returned to the US and received his discharge in June of 1946.
Oral History Interview with Bill Carty
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral monologue of Bill Carty. Carty was an Australian war correspondent . He discusses how he got t oNew Guinea to cover the war and his relationship General Robert Eichelberger. He discusses his role in the infantry and armor assault at Buna. Carty also mentions meeting John Bulkeley and going out with him on PT boats. Carty made the landing at Hollandia with the 42nd Infantry Division and Eichelberger. Later in 1944, Carty joined General MacArthur for his return to the Philippines and was able to shoot some footage of the general. Carty also discusses traveling to Japan for the surrender ceremony with Eichelberger and meeting MacArthur there. Carty also photographed the reunion between MacArthur and General Jonathan Wainwright. He also managed to travel to Hiroshima and photograph the damage. During the occupation, Carty stayed clse to General Eichelberger and was along for the trip when General Eisenhower toured Japan.
Oral History Interview with Bill Pampe
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Bill Pampe. Pampe joined the ROTC in 1940 and was called to active duty in June 1943. After receiving coast artillery training at Camp McQuaide, he was sent through the Army Specialized Training Program. When the program ended, Pampe was assigned to the Ammunition and Pioneer Platoon, 290th Infantry Regiment, 75th Infantry Division. At the Battle of the Bulge, he delivered ammunition to troops and went ahead of the front lines to lay minefields. After the war, he directed athletic activities at Camp Philadelphia in France. Pampe returned home and was discharged in August 1946.
Oral History Interview with Bill Wasson
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Bill Wasson. Wasson joined the Marine Corps and was trained as a radioman. He served on an amphibious tractor and then was transferred to the 3rd Battalion, 8th Marines. Wasson landed on Saipan and Okinawa and describes the combat that he encountered including having a radio he was wearing get destroyed by incoming shell fragments. He also describes being given the order to relay the message that Okinawa had been secured. Wasson also discusses working with two Navajo Code Talkers. He took part in the occupation of Japan and then left the service.
Oral History Interview with Bill Winnekins
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Bill Winnekins. Winnekins’s older brother John joined the 23rd Marines in April 1943. The two corresponded until his brother’s death, which occurred on D-day at Saipan. His mother never recovered from the loss, and she searched for the exact location of her son’s remains until her death. Winnekins struck up correspondences with members of his brother’s unit and eventually found the burial site in Saipan. He dedicated his free time to helping members of G Company find one another and was honored at a reunion in 1995, where he was presented with a plaque and a 15-minute standing ovation. Winnekins located 150 Marines from the company and has collected many of their oral histories.
Oral History Interview with Bryghte Godbold
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Bryghte Godbold. Godbold joined the Marine Corps in 1939 and received basic training in Philadelphia. He served aboard the USS Pensacola (CA-24) in Hawaiian and Alaskan waters before being stationed on Wake Island. He surrendered to the Japanese on 23 December 1941 and was sent to a prisoner-of-war camp outside of Shanghai. There he served as the recreation officer, managing athletic fields and equipment, as well as the library. Food scarcity depleted the men’s interest in athletics over time, but otherwise conditions and treatment were fair. Godbold spoke very highly of James Devereux, whose character and dress were always impeccable and professional, even during the period of imprisonment.
Oral History Interview with C. Elizabeth Callahan
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with C. Elizabeth Callahan. Callahan was born to Japanese parents in San Francisco. Her name at birth was Cho Elizabeth Ishi. Her parents couldn’t sustain their family in America during the Depression, so Callahan and her sister were sent to Japan in August 1935. When the war broke out, Callahan was caught completely by surprise, due to the extensively censored news available to her. While her parents were sent to an internment camp back home, she watched the Doolittle Raid above her in Tokyo. Food was scarce, and she regularly traveled 30 miles to the countryside where she could barter with farmers. On 25 May 1945, incendiary bombs hit her neighborhood, and she and her sister had to run through fire to escape. They were taken in by friends in the suburbs of Tokyo, and together they heard the emperor’s voice for the first time, as he instructed the people of Japan to surrender peacefully. Callahan found the first batch of occupation soldiers to be extremely friendly, but she felt that their replacement troops, who had not endured the hardship of war, were disrespectful to the Japanese people. Callahan got a job at the 376th Station Hospital and then at Letterman General Hospital when she returned to the States. She completed her career as a teacher at the Academy of Health Sciences at Fort Sam Houston.
Oral History Interview with C. W. Horner
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with C W Horner. Horner joined the Navy in 1938. He served in the Fire Control Division aboard the USS Helena (CL-50). The Helena was moored at 1010 Dock Navy Yard on the base (southeast) side of Pearl Harbor when the Japanese attacked. Horner recalls his experiences through that fateful event.
Oral History Interview with Calvin Graef
The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral monologue with Calvin Graef. Graef was born in 1913. In 1941 he was stationed at Fort Stotsenberg, Philippine Islands with the New Mexico National Guard 200th Coast Artillery. After the surrender to Japanese forces he participated in the Bataan Death March to Camp O’Donnell, then to Cabanatuan. He comments on the treatment of the prisoners and their diseases. Graef was among the POWs placed aboard the Arisan Maru for shipment to Japan. He describes the horrific conditions on the ship and comments on the Japanese guards being young and extremely cruel. Recounting that the prisoners were seldom allowed to dispose of those who died, he estimates 300 to 400 bodies were in the hold when the ship was sunk. He saw the torpedo soon after it was launched by the American submarine and was ordered down into the hold soon after the ship was struck. The guards locked the hatch covers on the sinking ship to prevent any escape by the prisoners. Graef says it was only through American ingenuity and it taking hours for the ship to sink that the prisoners were able to force open the hatch covers. Once on deck they found the ship’s crew had taken all the life boats. He was in the water for hours and any attempts to get aboard Japanese ships in the area were met with long sharpened poles. Early the next morning, Graef swam to a lifeboat and found it occupied by three fellow prisoners. They found their way to a safe-haven. Only nine of the prisoners on board survived the sinking.
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