Photograph of a historical marker commemorating the last battle of the Civil War. The text reads: "At This Site -- The Last Battle of the Civil War, Known as Palmito Hill, was Fought by Confederate Troops Under Colonel John S. (Rip) Ford and Union Forces on May 13, 1865, 34 Days After Lee's Surrender at Appomatox -- Erected by the State of Texas -- 1936"
Photograph of historical marker entitled: "Battle of Palmito Ranch." Text reads: "The last land engagement of the Civil War was fought near this site on May 12-13, 1865, thirty-four days after Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox. Col. Theodore H. Barrett commanded Federal troops on Brazos Island 12 miles to the east. The Confederates occupied Fort Brown 12 miles to the west, commanded by Gen. James E. Slaughter and Col. John S. (Rip) Ford, whose troops had captured Fort Brown from the Federals in 1864. Ordered to recapture the fort, Lt. Col. David Branson and 300 men advanced from Brazos Island. They won a skirmish with Confederate pickets on May 12. Barrett reinforced Branson's troops with 200 men on May 13 and renewed the march to Fort Brown. Confederate cavalry held the Federals in check until Ford arrived with reinforcements that afternoon. Ford's artillery advanced and fired on the northern end of the Federal line while the cavalry charged. The Confederate right charged the southern end of the Federal line and captured part of the Union infantry. Barrett ordered a retreat toward the U.S. position on Brazos Island. While the Confederates reported no fatalities in the Battle of Palmito Ranch, the Union forces reported four officers and 111 men killed, wounded or missing." Dated: 1966, 1990.
Photograph of Historical Marker entitled: "Site of Camp Belknap." Text reads: "In May 1846 when war was declared against Mexico, the U.S. Congress authorized the raising of 50,000 volunteer troops to supplement the regular U.S. Army. General Zachary Taylor was quickly inundated with volunteer soldiers arriving at Brazos Santiago, and was forced to place them in temporary encampments. Camp Belknap, located on this site, was established in the summer of 1846. The camp was located on a long narrow rise of land, measuring about 2 miles in length and one-half mile at its widest point. It was the first high ground encountered after leaving the Gulf Coast. Thought to be the largest encampment for volunteer soldiers, troop estimates total 7,000-8,000 men including several regiments from eight states. Soldiers suffered exposure to the elements, unsanitary living conditions, overcrowding, biting insects, thorny plants, and disease. Many died a premature death, often resulting in one two two funerals daily. No enemy attacks took place despite one false alarm. During August and September most of the volunteers were moved upriver either to camps nearer Matamoros, or further to Camargo. The camp was completely empty by December 1846." Marker is dated 1996 in the lower-right corner.
Southward facing photograph of the 1923 Point Isabel Coast Guard Building located on South Padre Island. A small historical marker on the opposite side reads: "The Federal Government has operated a coastal installation at Point Isabel since 1852. This structure is the third permanent building erected here, one of a line of nine stations established along the Gulf of Mexico from Florida to the Texas-Mexico border. Originally consisting of a main floor, attic, and lookout tower, all elevated off the ground on wood and concrete pilings, the structure served as barracks and headquarters for the U.S. Coast Guard unit that patrolled the coastline and conducted sea rescues. (1988)"
American Sign Language interpretation of Dr. Torget's lecture on Spanish exploration, covering: (1) The Aztecs and Cortes, (2) The Debacle of Cabeza de Vaca, (3) Coronado's Expedition, (4) De Soto's Expedition, (5) Transforming and Abandoning Texas. Video contains picture-in-picture rendering of slides and original narration.
American Sign Language interpretation of Dr. Torget's lecture on Spanish exploration in Texas, covering: (1) The World that Silver Made, (2) Presidios and Missions, (3) La Salle and the French Threat. Video contains picture-in-picture rendering of slides and original narration.
American Sign Language interpretation of Dr. Torget's lecture on Spanish colonization in Texas, covering: (1) First Attempt of Missions, 1690-1693, (2) Second Attempt, 1716-1722, (3) Life on the Spanish Frontier, (4) Arrival of the Comanche, (5) Texas by 1800. Video contains picture-in-picture rendering of slides and original narration.
American Sign Language interpretation of Dr. Torget's lecture on the end of Spanish colonization and rule in Texas, covering: (1) Texas by 1800; (2) Major Problems for Spain in Texas: [a] Louisiana Purchase, 1803, [b] Mexican War for Independence, 1810-1820. Video contains picture-in-picture rendering of slides and original narration.
American Sign Language interpretation of Dr. Torget's lecture on the end of Spanish colonization and rule in Texas (continued from part 1), covering: (2) Major Problems for Spain in Texas: [c] Increased Indian Raids 1814-1820, [d] Invading Americans, 1819-1820; (3) Mexico's Dilemma of Independence. Video contains picture-in-picture rendering of slides and original narration.
American Sign Language interpretation of Dr. Torget's lecture on Mexican independence from Spain, covering: (1) The U.S. Land Crisis, (2) Moses Austin's Zany Scheme, (3) Do We Let in the Americans?, (4) Founding the Austin Colony. Video contains picture-in-picture rendering of slides and original narration.
American Sign Language interpretation of Dr. Torget's lecture on Mexican governance of Texas, covering: (1) Establishing the Austin Colony (2) Mexico City, Centralism Vs. Federalism, (3) The Problem of Slavery, (4) The Constitution of 1824, (5) A Rebellion in East Texas. Video contains picture-in-picture rendering of slides and original narration.
American Sign Language interpretation of Dr. Torget's lecture on the factors leading to revolution in Texas, covering: (1) A Ridiculous Rebellion in East Texas, (2) Constitution of 1827, (2) Decree 56, Thwarting Mexican Law, (4) Law of April 6, 1830. Video contains picture-in-picture rendering of slides and original narration.
American Sign Language interpretation of Dr. Torget's lecture on the factors leading to revolution in Texas, covering: (1) Disturbances at Anahuac and Velasco, (2) Texans as Ardent Federalists, (3) The Quest for Separate Statehood, (4) Cotton Boom!, (5) Chaos of 1835, Revolution Begins. Video contains picture-in-picture rendering of slides and original narration.
American Sign Language interpretation of Dr. Torget's lecture on the Texas Revolution, covering: (1) Chaos of Late 1835, (2) Battle of San Antonio. Video contains picture-in-picture rendering of slides and original narration.
American Sign Language interpretation of Dr. Torget's lecture on the Texas Revolution (continued from part 1), covering: (3) Siege of the Alamo. Video contains picture-in-picture rendering of slides and original narration.
American Sign Language interpretation of Dr. Torget's lecture on the Texas Revolution (continued from part 2), covering: (3) Aftermath of the Siege of the Alamo, (4) Massacre at Goliad, (5) Runaway Scrape, (6) San Jacinto. Video contains picture-in-picture rendering of slides and original narration.
American Sign Language interpretation of Dr. Torget's lecture on the founding of the Republic of Texas, covering: (1) What does the Republic mean to Texans?, (2) What Will Texas Become?, (3) Forming a Republic. Video contains picture-in-picture rendering of slides and original narration.
American Sign Language interpretation of Dr. Torget's lecture on the Republic of Texas, covering: (1) Presidency of Sam Houston, (2) Failures of Houston, (3) Presidency of Mirabeau Lamar, (4) Failures of Lamar. Video contains picture-in-picture rendering of slides and original narration.
American Sign Language interpretation of Dr. Torget's lecture on the annexation of Texas, covering: (1) Republic of Texas on the Brink, (2) Playing the Annexation Game. Video contains picture-in-picture rendering of slides and original narration.
American Sign Language interpretation of Dr. Torget's lecture on the U.S.-Mexico War, covering: (1) James K. Polk Gazes West, (2) Polk Provokes a Fight, (3) War in Northern and Central Mexico, (4) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, (5) Mexican Cession. Video contains picture-in-picture rendering of slides and original narration.
Video of Dr. Torget's lecture on the U.S.-Mexico War, covering: (1) James K. Polk Gazes West, (2) Polk Provokes a Fight, (3) War in Northern and Central Mexico, (4) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, (5) Mexican Cession.
Video of Dr. Torget's lecture on the end of Spanish colonization and rule in Texas (continued from part 1), covering: (2) Major Problems for Spain in Texas: [c] Increased Indian Raids 1814-1820, [d] Invading Americans, 1819-1820; (3) Mexico's Dilemma of Independence.
Video of Dr. Torget's lecture on Spanish exploration in Texas, covering: (1) The World that Silver Made, (2) Presidios and Missions, (3) La Salle and the French Threat.
Video of Dr. Torget's lecture on the Republic of Texas, covering: (1) Presidency of Sam Houston, (2) Failures of Houston, (3) Presidency of Mirabeau Lamar, (4) Failures of Lamar.
Video of Dr. Torget's lecture on Mexican independence from Spain, covering: (1) The U.S. Land Crisis, (2) Moses Austin's Zany Scheme, (3) Do We Let in the Americans?, (4) Founding the Austin Colony.
Video of Dr. Torget's lecture on Texas prehistory through Spanish exploration, covering: (1) The Land and the Rivers, (2) First Settlers before 1500, (3) Indians of Texas by 1500.
Video of Dr. Torget's lecture on Spanish colonization in Texas, covering: (1) First Attempt of Missions, 1690-1693, (2) Second Attempt, 1716-1722, (3) Life on the Spanish Frontier, (4) Arrival of the Comanche, (5) Texas by 1800.
Video of Dr. Torget's lecture on the factors leading to revolution in Texas, covering: (1) A Ridiculous Rebellion in East Texas, (2) Constitution of 1827, (2) Decree 56, Thwarting Mexican Law, (4) Law of April 6, 1830.
Video of Dr. Torget's lecture on the end of Spanish colonization and rule in Texas, covering: (1) Texas by 1800; (2) Major Problems for Spain in Texas: [a] Louisiana Purchase, 1803, [b] Mexican War for Independence, 1810-1820.
Video of Dr. Torget's lecture on Mexican governance of Texas, covering: (1) Establishing the Austin Colony (2) Mexico City, Centralism Vs. Federalism, (3) The Problem of Slavery, (4) The Constitution of 1824, (5) A Rebellion in East Texas.
Video of Dr. Torget's lecture on the Texas Revolution (continued from part 2), covering: (3) Aftermath of the Siege of the Alamo, (4) Massacre at Goliad, (5) Runaway Scrape, (6) San Jacinto.
Video of Dr. Torget's lecture on the founding of the Republic of Texas, covering: (1) What does the Republic mean to Texans?, (2) What Will Texas Become?, (3) Forming a Republic.
Video of Dr. Torget's lecture on Spanish exploration, covering: (1) The Aztecs and Cortes, (2) The Debacle of Cabeza de Vaca, (3) Coronado's Expedition, (4) De Soto's Expedition, (5) Transforming and Abandoning Texas.
Video of Dr. Torget's lecture on the factors leading to revolution in Texas, covering: (1) Disturbances at Anahuac and Velasco, (2) Texans as Ardent Federalists, (3) The Quest for Separate Statehood, (4) Cotton Boom!, (5) Chaos of 1835, Revolution Begins.
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