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El Correo. (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 1, No. 12, Ed. 1 Thursday, July 8, 1858
Weekly newspaper in Spanish from San Antonio, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with advertising.
El Ranchero (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 1, No. 1, Ed. 1 Friday, July 4, 1856
Weekly newspaper in Spanish from San Antonio, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with advertising.
El Ranchero (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 1, No. 2, Ed. 1 Friday, July 11, 1856
Weekly newspaper in Spanish from San Antonio, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with advertising.
El Ranchero (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 1, No. 3, Ed. 1 Saturday, July 19, 1856
Weekly newspaper in Spanish from San Antonio, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with advertising.
El Ranchero. (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 1, No. 5, Ed. 1 Monday, July 28, 1856
Weekly newspaper in Spanish from San Antonio, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with advertising.
Margarett Muniz - Mexican Consulate at El Mats!
Group of adults and children sitting at long tables in restaurant.
Margarett Muniz - Mexican Consulate at El Mats!
Group of adults and children sitting at long tables in restaurant. One woman standing behind center table.
Margarett Muniz - Mexican Consulate at El Mats!
Group of adults and children sitting at long tables in restaurant.
Elisio Galindo
Photograph of young woman. Photograph of Elisio Galindo, a young woman of Van Horn,TX
Ponce Villalobos, Jr.
Photograph of man. Photograph of Ponce Villalobos, Jr. of Van Horn,TX
Ester Galindo Villalobos
Photograph of seated girl wearing lace headdress and shawl. Photograph of Ester Galindo Villalobos, of Van Horn, TX
Ponce Villalobos, Jr.
Photograph of boy with dog. Photograph of Ponce Villalobos, Jr, of Van Horn, Texas, with dog, possibly 1925.
Ponce Villalobos, Jr.
Photograph of young man. Photograph of Ponce Villalobos, Jr. of Van Horn,TX
Ponce Villalobos
Photograph of man. Photograph of Ponce Villalobos, of Van Horn, TX, 1911.
C.B. Villalobos with child
Photograph of man with baby. Photograph of C. B. Villalobos of Van Horn, TX with unidentified baby.
[Mexican Family Sits to Eat #2]
Postcard image of an unidentified Mexican family -- two women, one young female, and a man -- seated in a semi-circle on the dirt ground in front of their tent. On the ground in front of them, there is a cup near the man's feet (at left), a stack of homemade tortillas on top of one of the larger cooking pots, and a coffee pot. The postcard is post marked March 13, 1914, El Paso, Texas. The postcard reads: "Note the 'shoes' on the man. The whole family wore the same kind. Tortillas (corn or flour - water & salt) for dinner. A small ball of dough is slapped into a pancake and cooked on a piece of tin over a camp fire". The postcard is addressed to Mrs. Henry Horne, Hallowell, Maine, Loudeu Hill.
[Mexican boy with his donkey]
The postcard caption reads: 'Scene along the march of the U.S. Soldiers in Mexico'. The scene in this photograph was somewhere in Mexico. An unknown Mexican boy stands next to his donkey as he poses for this photograph. The donkey was saddled up for riding. Over the right shoulder of the Mexican boy there stands an Army supply wagon that is harnessed to two mules. An old adobe home, perhaps the home of the Mexican boy and his family, is visible in the background. This was most likely a small ranch. A U.S. Army Soldier is riding the wagon with the two mules. And at least 4 other U.S. Soldiers are visible in this photograph.
[Refugees Attending Mass]
Postcard image of Mexican Refugees attending outdoor mass at the refugee camp in Fort Bliss, Texas, ca. 1914. Most of the men and women in this photographic event are kneeling. Visible in the background are the tents that housed the refugees. According to research, the 'Mexican War Refugee Camp' (31° 49.335′ N, 106° 25.728′ W), was located inside of Fort Bliss, Texas near the present day location of the Fort Bliss Museum - 1735 Marshall Rd, Fort Bliss, TX 79906. More details about the history of Mexican War Refugee Camp can be found on the Historical Marker Database at: https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=94263 This postcard is addressed to: Miss G. M. Horne, Box 365, Portland, Maine. The message reads: 'Squaring up for their cussedness.' W [signed Walter Horne]. From vocabulary.com Cussedness - deliberate and stubborn unruliness and resistance to guidance or discipline.
[Mexican Refugees Arrive in El Paso, Texas]
The back of this postcard reads: 'Four thousand, nine hundred eighty-seven Mexican Refugees arrived in El Paso, Texas [sic] yesterday & today. Probably one thousand of them women & children. The most pitiful sight I ever saw in my life. They are now in a govern camp at Fort Bliss, Texas [sic]. This is one of a number of photos I will send you. Look it's [sic] good news today.' This postcard is post marked January 23, 1914, El Paso, Texas and it was mailed to G.M. Horne in Portland, Maine. The author of the postcard is Walter Horne.
[Mexican Women Traveling on Railroad Cars]
Postcard caption reads: Mexican Family Traveling. Riding Box Car and Rods. Box car rods were part of the undercarriage of the box cars. The women in this photo are not refugees of the Mexican Revolution. The women in this image were most likely traveling with their husbands in support of the Mexican Revolution. Many ordinary Mexican women and wives supported the Mexican Revolution by traveling with their husbands and supporting the Revolution by taking care of the everyday needs of the men and of the families that traveled along with the men. The women were supporting the Revolution by cooking, cleaning, and by taking care of the wounded. Entire families would travel and support the Mexican revolutionaries. There are plenty of details in this photo. One woman is combing out her hair while the woman next to her (left image) smiles at the camera - a pair of women's legs dangle (women's boots) from out of the right side of the box car door. Beneath the deck of the box car three rifles (left side) are stored at the ready. Outside of the box car, two young Mexican boys (wearing sombreros) are seen facing each other. One of the boys is holding his hands together. The creator of this image did not provide a location or a date for this event. The women who actually fought in the Mexican Revolution were known as Adelitas.
[Two Mexican Women Making Tortillas]
Postcard image of two indigenous Mexican women baking tortillas. In this image we see two indigenous Mexican women (perhaps a mother and her daughter) smiling at each other as they are photographed baking tortillas. A stack of tortillas cools off in front of a wooden prep board. Three young boys stand behind the women as they look on and smile. We can assume that the boys are the sons of the woman that they are standing closest to - the woman facing the camera. And the woman not directly facing into the camera may be the daughter of the other woman. The creator of this image did not provide information about where this event took place nor of the names for this Mexican family. This is most likely a Mexican refugee camp. There are several similar looking U.S. Army 1920 ca. period tents in the background. The back of the postcard reads: To Miss Gena Olsen, Hillside Street, Ridgefield, Bergen Co, New Jersey From Galveston, Tex. Aug 1, 1914, Thanks for [sic] nice letter. We leave tonight & I hope to see you next Sat. The boat will be nearly finished when we get back. Hope [sic] you feel good. Best regards to all from your Papa.
[Mexican Refugees on their way to the United States]
According to the author's written caption; the event in this photographs is that of a group of Mexican Refugees on their way to the United States. The author, Walter Horne, does not provide any information for the exact location for this event - neither has a date been provided. We can only assume that this group is somewhere in Mexico. The image shows a long line of groups of families traveling on their mule drawn wagons. Mostly mules can be seen harnessed to these wagons. No exact information is provided from where in Mexico these refugees are coming from, nor is their any information about their final destination. The weather must be cold because some of the men are wearing thick wool coats and the three women in the first wagon are using blankets to keep warm.
[Children of the Mexican Revolution]
Postcard image of an unidentified group of a children going about their daily lives during the Mexican Revolution. This image features four young girls, two young boys, and a young female who is facing away from the camera. The two boys appear to be in good spirts as they are smiling at each other. The young girl at the far right is using a wash basin. There is no information about the identities for the children in this image nor any information on the exact location of this event. This postcard was mailed by Walter Horne to his mother Mrs. Horne who was living in Hallowell, Maine.
[Mexican Prisoners Under Guard at Fort Bliss]
The postcard caption reads: Mexican prisoners under guard at Fort Bliss. These two U.S. Army soldiers are transporting these men in this open wagon to an unknown location - presumably in the direction of Fort Bliss, Texas. According to the information from the postcard, the men in the back of the wagon are Mexican prisoners. Three of the 'prisoners' are holding shovels and one man is holding a broom. This group of men or 'prisoners' is most likely part of a wok detail. Two mules are pulling the wagon. The soldier in the foreground is holding a Springfield style rifle. Some of the men in the back of the wagon appear to be holding cans of paint. This postcard is addressed to G.M. Horne in Portland, Maine and was sent by Walter Horne himself.
[Outdoor Cooking Scene in Mexico]
The postcard description reads: 'Typical Scene in Mexico. Wounded Soldier'. An unknown man and an unknown woman, resting in front of a standing railroad car, pose for this fortuitous moment in time. The author of this postcard notes that the man is a wounded Mexican [sic] soldier. The woman is grinding maze into flour as evident in this picture. Some already made bread is seen in front and to the side of the metate. The woman is using a traditional Mexican metate (or mealing stone) to process and grind maize to process into flour for either use in bread making or for use in making tortillas. The metate stone rests in front of her knees. Traditional Mexican metate stones were made from volcanic lava rocks. Also visible in this picture is a Dutch over and a tin metal container - both were used to make bread in filed like conditions.
[Bidding Farewell to their Native Land]
Postcard image of an unidentified woman and two small children standing along the Rio Grande river. According to the caption, the family is looking back towards El Paso del Norte and are bidding farewell to their native land. El Paso del Norte is now known as Ciudad Juárez. There is no corroborating information about the identities for this small family. We also do not know if the woman is the mother, grandmother, or someone else related to the children. The family appears to have all of their belongings with them. Two men can be seen in background. The Mexican Revolution displaced many families along the U.S. Mexico Border and some families never returned back to their beloved homes.
[Mexican Women - Cooking]
Postcard photograph image of Mexican women. According to the creator of this postcard, the Mexican women are preparing food and cooking. A young girl is also part of this group of women. On the back of the postcard: '(One of many groups of women who follow up the Mexican Army, preparing dinner. Note the pool of filth - the flies don't show.) Will write soon. Very busy just now. Soldiers pay day tomorrow. Hope you are ok, I am. Yours, Walter.' This postcard was mailed to Mrs. Henry Horne, Lauder Hill, Hallowell Maine. This postcard is post marked El Paso, Texas, September 2, 1912. This postcard has a 1 cent green Benjamin Franklin stamp on it. The Benjamin Franklin stamp is ca. 1909. There is advertising on the wall behind the women.
Child Wearing Cowboy Hat
Photograph of a small boy viewing several photographs in front of a house. He is standing behind a wrought iron gate wearing a cowboy hat, short-sleeved shirt and shorts.
Portrait of Federica Abreu and Grandson
Photograph of Federica Abreu with his grandson Alfredo. Federica is seated to the right of Alfredo, wearing a short-sleeved polka-dotted dress. Alfredo leans in towards his grandmother, looking up at her. He wears a white short-sleeved shirt with a pen in his pocket, white belt and white pants.
Portrait of Alfredo Abreu
Photograph of Alfredo Abreu sitting on a cushioned bench. He is facing forward with both of his hands resting on the bench. One leg is bent and tucked underneath the other. He faces forward, wearing a white shirt-sleeved shirt with a pen in his front pocket, white belt, and white shorts. His short socks are marked with several stripes, and rise to his ankles from white athletic shoes.
[American and Mexican Air Force Officials Holding Mexican Air Force Flag]
Photograph of American and Mexican Air Force officials holding a Mexican Air Force flag. Brigadier General J. E. Chaney is one of the men pictured
Mexican Americans in Texas History: Selected Essays
Book containing eleven essays from the Texas State Historical Association's "Mexican Americans in Texas History" conference. The essays discuss the history of Mexicans in Texas, their social and political culture, and conflicts with Anglo-Americans.
[Piñata Making]
Color photograph of two women holding finished piñatas at the 7th Annual Texas Folklife Festival. On the left is Desy Perez, the assistant of the woman on the right, Guadalupe De Pena. Desy is holding a pink and green unicorn piñata, while Guadalupe is holding a piñata that looks like Raggedy Ann. Behind them, a few finished piñatas hang in the background.
[Women Making Pinatas and Cascarons]
Color photograph of the pinata booth where Guadalupe De Pena (left) and Desy Perez (right) teach visitors how to make pinatas and cascarons. Their booth is one of many at the 7th annual Texas Folklife Festival. On the table before them are some finished pinatas, some egg cartons filled with paper cones, and a few Coca-Cola cups.
[Mexican Folk Dancer]s
Color photograph of a group of women lined up on a stage, performing a Mexican folk dance in traditional Mexican dancing costumes, which are colorful, voluminous dresses trimmed in lace. They are performers at the 7th annual Texas Folklife Festival.
[Mexican Folk Dancers]
Photograph of Mexican Folk Dancers performing at the Texas Folklife Festival in San Antonio, Texas. In the photograph, the dancers stand on-stage, wearing colorful dresses as they twirl their skirts around for festival participants.
[Mexican Folk Dancer Posing for Photo]
Photograph of one of the Mexican folk dancers at the Texas Folklife Festival. The young girl is smiling and wearing a traditional Mexican dress decorated with lace and ribbon around the neckline. The dress is blue with purple, pink and yellow ribbons. She is also wearing a colorful braided yarn headband.
[Mexican Folk Dancers Performing]
Photograph of two Mexican folk dancers performing at the Texas Folklife Festival. A young boy and girl, dressed in traditional Mexican clothing, are dancing together onstage. The girl is wearing a red and green dress with decorative bead work and embroidery. She is wearing red, green, and white earrings and a red, green, and white bow on her head. The boy is wearing a red suit with white trim, and a red sombrero. Another boy dancer in the group is partially visible behind the girl.
[Young Spanish Folk Dancers]
Photograph of the Spanish folk dancers performing at the Texas Folklife Festival. A group of young girls are dancing onstage wearing big colorful skirts and cropped blouses with big sleeves that tie at the chest. They are twirling their skirts with one hand and waving their other hand in the air. Some spectators are visible offstage in the background.
[Young Mexican Folk Dancer Posing for Photo]
Photograph of one of the Mexican folk dancers at the Texas Folklife Festival. The young girl is smiling and wearing a long purple and orange floral-patterned skirt with a matching cropped top. She is also wearing a green sash around her neck, purple earrings, and a purple flower in her ponytail.
[Argentine Folk Dancers]
Photograph of an Argentine folk dancer at the Texas Folklife Festival. She is smiling and raising a stick up in the air. She is wearing a woven headband, a white shirt, a black vest with silver studs, and a red silk scarf. Her face is speckled with glitter.
[Woman Making Chalupas in Mexican Food Booth]
Photograph of a woman making chalupas in the Mexican food booth at the Texas Folklife Festival. She is wearing a white dress embroidered with yellow and red flowers, gold earrings, and a gold chain necklace. She has dark hair that is pulled back with a red bow. She has a large bowl of some ingredient in front of her.
[Mexican Tortas]
Photograph of a man preparing sausages for Mexican tortas at the Texas Folklife Festival in San Antonio, Texas. The man wears a Coors brewing hat with a white striped shirt and khaki pants. He uses tongs to turn over the three rows of sausages cooking on the grill.
[Chalupa Preparation]
Photograph of festival participants preparing chalupas in the Mexican Food Booth at the Texas Folklife Festival in San Antonio, Texas. A woman wearing a polka dotted blouse and denim skirt wears plastic gloves over her hands as she puts meat on a baked tortilla. Next to her, a man wearing a red, white and blue hat with a blue shirt and jeans, puts lettuce and tomatoes on a baked tortilla.
[German Sausage]
Photograph of a woman preparing German sausage at the Texas Folklife Festival in San Antonio, Texas. The woman, wearing a pink floral dress with white lace trim wraps a piece of sausage in a paper towel. She stands in front of a table covered with a vinyl tablecloth and a pressure cooker.
[Guacamole Preparation]
Photograph of a woman preparing guacamole at the Texas Folklife Festival in San Antonio, Texas. The woman, wearing a brown and white shirt and a brown headband, slices the top of a tomato into a bowl of guacamole. A pile of tomatoes and avocados is placed to the right of the bowl of guacamole.
[Mexican Food Booth]
Photograph of women preparing flautas in the Mexican food booth at the Texas Folklife Festival in San Antonio, Texas. One woman rolls meat into tortillas while another woman pulls a flauta from the fryer. Festival participants are visible behind the booth, sampling vendor fares.
[Mexican Food Booth]
Photograph of a man grilling beef in the Mexican food booth at the Texas Folklife Festival in San Antonio, Texas. The man wears an orange shirt with checkered pants and a white apron as he turns steaks on an open grill.
[Two Female Argentine Folk Dancers]
Photograph of two Argentine folk dancers at the Texas Folklife Festival. The two girls are posing with their fists up in the air, each clutching a stick and crossing arms with each other. They are wearing white shirts, dark vests, scarves around their necks, and decorative headbands. Their pants are cut diagonally from the mid-thigh on the outside down to the inseam near the knee, to reveal long white bloomers that come down to mid-calf. They are also wearing boots with spurs and long pieces of cloth draped over their left shoulders. An animal skin drum is on the ground in front of them.
[Zaragoza Guajardo Next to Log Cabin]
Photograph of musician Zaragoza Guajardo, fiddle player with the Devine Music Makers, at the Texas Folklife Festival. He is standing with his arm propped against the side of a log cabin where a cow skull is hanging. He is wearing a white shirt and gold-rimmed glasses. He has a receding gray hairline and dark eyebrows.
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