Texas Almanac and State Industrial Guide 1914 Page: 9
433 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.View a full description of this book.
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TIME STANDARDS. 9
the distances in terms of the dis-
tance from the earth to sun as a
unit; in the second column are
given the times it takes for light
to travel from the star to the
earth, light going at the rate of
186,000 miles per second; in the
third column are given the times
in years it would take a body
going 1,000 miles per day to travel
from the star to the earth.61 Cygn1 .: ,
Sirius .......
B. Cassiopeial
Vega ..
J. Draconis..
Procyon .....
Arcturus ...
Pole Star...
85 Pegasi ...
Capella .....225,000
445,000
900,000
1.020.000
1,450.000
1.600.000
1.700.000
1,800,000
2,800.000
3,700.000
4,500,000,$
.E A
3.6 56,000,000
7 110.000,000
15 220 000.000
17 250,000 000
23 360.000,000
26 400.000.000
27 425,000,000
28 450.000.000
45 700,000,000
60 925.000.000
70 1,125,000,000STANDARDS OF TIME.
Although standard time, estab-
lished by agreement in 1883, for
convenience of railroads and the
general public, is now generally
used throughout the United States
and Canada, astronomical time is
the official time of Canada and is
used by astronomers in their offi-
cial publications of observations
and other scientific data.
Astronomical time, or mean solar
time, is reckoned from noon
through the twenty-four hours of
the day.
Mean local time was used almost
universally before the -introduction
of standard time. This is based
upon the time when the sun
crosses the meridian and the day
begins at midnight.
Standard Time-By this system
the United States, extending from
65 degrees to 125 degrees west
longitude, is divided into four sec-
tions, each of 15 degrees of longi-
tude, exactly equivalent to one
hour, 7% degrees 30 minutes on
each side of a meridian, commenc-
ing with the 75th meridian.
The first or eastern section in-
cludes all territory between the
Atlantic Coast and an irregular
line drawn from Buffalo to Charles-
ton, S. C., the latter city being its
southernmost point. The second
or central section includes all the
territory between this eastern line
and another irregular line extend-
ing from Bismarck, N. D., to the
mouth of the Rio Grande. The
third or mountain section includes
all the territory between the west-
ern border of Idaho, Nevada and
Arizona. The fourth or Pacific
section includes all the territory ofthe United States between the
boundary of the mountain section
and the Pacific Coast. Inside of
each of these sections standard
time is uniform, and the time of
each section differs from that next
to it by exactly one hour.
TIME DIFFERENCE.
When it is 12 o'clock noon at
Dallas it is at-
Aden, Arabia ....... 9:00 p. m.
Amsterdam, Holland.... 6:20 p. m.
Athens, Greece ........ 7:35 p. m.
Berlin, Germany ....... 6:54 p. m.
Bombay, India .......... 10:51 p. m.
Bremen, Germany ...... 6:33 p. m.
Constantinople, Turkey. 7:56 p m.
Copenhagen, Denmark.. 6:50 p. m.
Dublin, Ireland ........ 5:35p.m.
Hamburg, Germany.... 6:40 p. m.
Havre, France ......... 6:00 p. m.
Hongkong, China ...... *1:37 a. in.
Honolulu, Hawaii ...... 7:29 a. m.
Liverpool, England..... 5:48 p. m.
London, England ...... 6:00 p. m.
Madrid, Spain .......... 5:45 p. m.
Manila, P. I............ *2:04 a. m.
Melbourne, Australia... +3:40 a. m.
Paris, France .......... 6:09 p. m.
Rome, Italy ............ 6:50 p. m.
Stockholm, Sweden.... 7:12 p.m.
St. Petersburg, Russia.. 8:01 p. m.
Vienna, Austria ....... 7:06p. m.
Yokohama, Japan ...... *3:19 a. m.
New York ............. 1:00p.m.
Denver ................ 11:00 a. m.
El Paso .............. 11:00 a. m.
San Francisco ......... 10:00 a. m.
*Time noted is in the morning of
following day.
ORIGIN OF THE CALENDAR:
A curious point in our modern
calendar is the irregularity in the
number of days in the different
months. We could hardly remem-
ber the right lengths if it were not
for the familiar rhyme, "Thirty
days bath September." In the old-
est Roman calendars the months
were of thirty or twenty-nine
days each. But when Julius Cesar
reformed the calendar of Numa
Pompilius he gave them alternat-
ing thirty-one and thirty, begin-
ning with January. February was
an exception, and was given twen-
ty-nine in ordinary and thirty 'in
leap years. After Cesar's death the
month Quintilis was remamed Ju-
lius in his honor. Some time later
Augustus chose the following
month, Sextieis. as his own, and
called it Augustus. But it had only
thirty days, and it was not to be
endured that Augustus should be
inferior to Julius. So the Emperor
took one day from February, leav-
ing it only twenty-eight, and gave
.it to Augustus. This disturbed Ce-
sar's orderly arrangements, and
three months of thirty-one days,
viz., July, August and September,
came together. The extra day of
the last was, therefore, given to
October, and a day taken from No-
vember was given to December.
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Texas Almanac and State Industrial Guide 1914, book, January 1914; (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth117157/m1/27/: accessed April 26, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.