Texas Almanac and State Industrial Guide 1933 Page: 339

                                
THE TEXAS ALMANAC--I33

and sandy soils. Live oak, mesquite and pecan aIm-
bers. Production of petroleum and gas.
Cotton, 12,500 bales; corn. 461,394 bu.; grain
sorghums and truck crops. Total crop value, $1,404,-
513. Large cattle raising industry; bogs, dairying
and poultry raising. Total live stock value, $2,223,009.
Goliad (1,424), county seat, is principal market.
One of State's oldest towns; famous as place of
slaughter of Texas patriots under Fannin.    Old
mission ruins near.
GONZALES,-In South Texas. Created in 1836
from original county of Texas. Organized in 1837
Named for Raphael Gonzales. Area, 1,020 sq. mi.
Pop., 28,337.  Pop. per sq. mi., 27.8.  Assessed
val., $11,773,848.
Undulating coastal plain, at altitude of about 200
to 300 feet. Rainfall, 31.5 in. Coastal clays, loamns
and sandy loam soils. Mesquite, live oak and pecan
timbers; part prairie. Production of petroleum and
natural gas. Brick produced from clay. Fuller's
earth.
Cotton, 25,000 bales; corn, 890,603 bu ; heavy
commercial pecan shipments; truck crops; tomatoes,
roasting ears, pure-bred cotton seed. Total crop
value, $2,348,806. A leading turkey raising county;
dairying, cattle raising.  Total live stock value,
$3,006,127.
Gonzales (3,859), county seat, has large poultry
packing industry, cotton mill, brick plant. broom
factory and other industries. An old town estab-
lished during the Spanish era and noted for manner
in which it is laid out about squares. Several hy-
droelectric plants are located near this city on the
Guadalupe River. Nixon (1,037) and Waelder 1,048)
are other market and shipping centers.
GRAY.-In Panhandle Plains.     Created in 1876
from Bexar County. Organized in 1902. Named for
Peter W. Gray. Area, 899 sq. mu. Pop., 22,090.
Pop. per sq. mi., 24.6. Assessed val., $23,931,100.
Partly on high level plains, partly in breaks, at
altitude of about 2,800 to 3,250 feet. Rainfall, 21
in. Chocolate and gray lams and sandy soils. Pro-
duction of large quantities of petroleum; covers part
of world's greatest gas field.
This county has developed agriculturally in recent
years. Cotton, 7,500 bales: wheat, 2,201,440 bu.;
oats, 124,043 bu.; corn, 67,932 bu.: melon and truck
crops grown on sandy lands.    Total crop value,
$3,136,569.  Cattle raising, dairying, poultry and
hog raising making rapid progress; much home can-
ning in 1932. Total live stock value, $1,505,307.
Pampa (10,470), county seat, is wheat market and
shipping point and distributor to oil and gas-produc-
ing region. Refineries, casinghead and carbon black
plants in and around the city. New rail outlet com-
pleted last year. Highway program under way in
1932 will be completed in spring of 1933, giving
Pampa seven paved outlets. McLean (1,521), Alan-
reed and Lefors are other commercial centers of the
county.-
GRAYSON.,-In North Texas. Created and organ-
ized in 1846 from Fannin County. Named for Peter
W. Grayson. Area, 942 sq. mi. Pop , 65,843. Pop.
per sq. mi., 69.9. Assessed val., $37,939,549.
Level to rolling surface, largely on black land
prairie, but northern fringe in sandy lands along
Red River, at altitude of about 725 feet. Rainfall
37.2 in. Black waxy, loam and sandy soils. Post
oak, pecan, walnut, ash and other hardwoods. Most
of county open prairie. Clays, cement materials,
silica, natural gas and mineral waters.
This is a leading agricultural county of the State.
Cotton. 52,000 bales; corn, 1,259,208 bu.; oats,
1,340,491 bu.; wheat, 234,964 bu.; feed and forage
crops, peanuts, melons, grapes and variety of truck
crops are grown. Large nursery industry. Total
crop value, $6,946,250. There is a large dairying
industry in the county and much poultry raising
Home canning has become a large industry. Total
live stock value, $2,520,119.
Sherman (15,713), county seat, is a city of diver-
sified, industrial, commercial and civic interests.
Several large flour mills located here; also cotton
mill, hardware and 'gin manufacturing industry;
cotton oil products refinery, big garment making
industry, foundry and machine shops: milk products
plant and other industries. For diversity and vol-
ume of manufactures it is outstanding among the
cities of its size in the country. Also an educa-
tional center, with Austin College, Kidd-Key Col-

lege and St. Joseph's Academy. Has excellent rail
and highway connections.
Denison (13,850) has railroad shops, large cheese
and milk products industry, pecan and peanut shell-
ing and roasting industry, cotton mill and other
industries. The recent opening of free bridges at
two points north of the city on the Red River has
widened its trade territory.
Tioga (591) is known for its mineral waters.
Whitesboro, Whitewright, Van Alstyne, Collinsville
and Gunter are other trade centers in this populous
county.
GREGG.-In East Texas     Created and organized
min 1873 from Upshur and Rusk Counties. Named
for Gen. John Gregg. Area, 312 sq. ml. Assessed
val., $76,740,033.
Rolling to hilly wooded plain, at altitude of about
350 feet. Rainfall, 42.7 in. Some alluvial soils in
bottoms, but largely sandy clay soils.  Shortleaf
pine, variety of oak, gum, hickory and other tim-
bers.  World's greatest oil pool centers in this
county, more than 80,000,000 barrels being produced
in 1932 under severe proration; lignite, iron ores and
excellent clays found. Since the discovery of oil
in January, 1931. this county has developed phenom-
enally; population now between 60.000 and 70.000,
according to estimates; was only 15,778, according
to census of 1930. Population per square mile now
about 100. The wealth of the county has increased
tenfold or more during the last two years  Cotton,
7,500 bales; corn, 114,942 bu ; peaches, sweet pota-
toes, berries, melons, peanuts and other truck crops
grown.   Total crop value, $1,394,415.  Dairying,
swine raising, poultry raising.  Total live stock
value, $477,921.
Longview (about 20,000 in 1932, although only
5,036 in 1920), county seat, is the center of a great
oil industry, with several refineries and oil field
supply houses. It was an industrial center before
discovery of oil and has farm implement factory,
lumber and box and crate factories, cotton oil mill
and other industries. Civic development has been
rapid, new public buildings have been constructed
and hundreds of homes and private commercial
structures erected.
Kilgore (10,000 population in 1932, was unincor-
porated village in 1930) has grown phenomenally
with the discovery of oil and has a number of oil
field industries and distribution houses. Gladewater
(unincorporated village in 1930: now has several
thousand residents) is a thriving oil center. Willow
Springs is a new oil center between Gladewater and
Longview.
GRIMES.-In South Central Texas. Created and
organized in 1846 from Montgomery County. Named
for Jesse Grimes. Area, 812 sq. mi. Pop , 22,642
Pop. per sq. mi., 27.9. Assessed val., $10,455,080.
Rolling surface with a few hills, at altitude of
about 200 feet. Rainfall, 40 5 in. Alluvial, loam
and sandy clay soils. Pine, post oak and miscella-
neous hardwood timbers.   Production of fuller's
earth. Excellent brick clay and lignite deposits.
Cotton, 22,000 bales; corn, 282,661 bu.; truck
crops grown for local markets. Total crop value.
$1,825,607.  Cattle and poultry raising, dairying
T tal live stock value, $1,704,988.
Anderson (650), county seat, is an inland town
serving central part of the county as retail market
Navasota (5.128) has several industries, is shipping
point with excellent rail connections.
GUADALUPE,-In South Central Texas. Created
and organized in 1846 from Bexar and Gonzales
Counties. Named for Guadalupe River. Area, 703
Sq. mu. Pop., 28,925. Pop. per sq. mi., 41.1. As-
sessed val., $18,400,990.
Rolling surface, at altitude of about 450 to 575
feet. Rainfall. 28 in. Both loam and sandy soils
Live oak, pecan, post oak and mesquite timbers
Partly open prairie. Production of about 6,000,000
bbls. oil in 1932. Lignite and brick clays.
There is a diversified farming industry. Cotton
28,000 bales; corn, 1,423,711 bu.; a leading pecan
shipping county: large truck production. Total crop
value, $2,610,415, Cattle raising, large dairying and
poultry raising industries. Total live stock value,
$2,239,285.
Seguin (5,225), county seat, is manufacturing and
market center.   Lutheran College located  here
See note at top of page 328.