Texas Almanac, 1945-1946 Page: 78
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78 TEXAS ALMANAC.-1945-1946.
There men back from combat rest while their
training and experience are evaluated and
they are reassigned.
Texas Army Posts and Camps.
Posts and camps in Texas include:
Camp Barkeley, Abilene, Taylor County.-
Army Service Forces Training Center (Med-
ical Department), Medical Administration
Corps Officer Candidate School.
Fort Bliss, El Paso, El Paso County.-
Anti-Aircraft Artillery Training Center, War
Department Personnel Center.
Fort Brown, Brownsville, Cameron County.
-Mostly inactive as of March, 1945.
Camp Bowie, Brownwood, Brown County.-
Armored Forces, Rehabilitation Center.
Fort Crockett, Galveston, Galveston Coun-
ty.-Artillery.
Camp Fannin, Tyler, Smith County.-In-
fantry Replacement Training Center.
Camp Hood, Killeen, Bell County.-Tank
Destroyer Replacement Training Center and
Officer Candidate School, Infantry Replace-
ment Training Center, Southern Branch
United States Disciplinary Barracks.
Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Bexar
County.-War Department Personnel Center
Adjutant General s School, Provost Marshal
General's School.
Camp Howze, Gainesville, Cooke County.-
Advanced Infantry Replacement Training
Center.
Camp Hulen, Palacios, Matagorda County.
-Anti-Aircraft Artillery Training Center.
Camp Maxey, Paris, Lamar County.-Ad-
vaced Infantry Replacement Training Cen-
ter.
Fort Mcintosh Laredo, Webb County.-
Mechanized Cavalry.
Fort D. A. Russell, Marfa, Presidio County.
Camp Swift, Bastrop, Bastrop County.-
Infantry.
Camp Wolters, Mineral Wells, Palo Pinto
County.-Infantry Replacement Training Cen-
ter.
With the exception of Fort McIntosh, all
of these camps have prisoner of war camps
located on their reservations. The following
prisoner of war camps in Texas existed sep-
arately as of March. 1945, and as did the
camps on the large posts they had branch and
side camps established temporarily in areas
of labor shortage
Brady. McCulloch County; Hearne, Robert-
son County, Hereford, Deaf Smith County;
Huntsville. Walker County; McLean, Gray
County; Mexia, Limestone County; Camp
Wallace, Galveston County.
All except Hereford, which had Italian
prisoners, housed German prisoners of war.
The Army's five general hospitals In Texas,
with the treatment for which they are desig-
nated:
Ashburn General Hospital, McKinney, Col-
lin County.-Arthritis, medicine.
William Beaumont General Hospital, El
Paso, El Paso County.-Plastic surgery, deep
X-ray, therapy, psychiatry, phthalmologic
surgery.
Brooke General and Convalescent Hospital,
Fort Sam Houston, Bexar County.-Thoracic
surgery, psychiatry.
Harmon General Hospital.-Medicine, psy-
chiatry.
McCloskey General Hospital, Temple, Bell
County.-Amputations, neurosurgery, neurol-
ogy, phychiatry.
ARMY AIR FORCES IN TEXAS
Texas has been the leading state in devel-
oping airmen for the greatest air force in the
world. The AAF Training Command in Fort
Worth said in an official press release June
18, 1944: "In one way or another, the ori-
gin and control of almost every facet of the
gigantic, coast-to-coast educational system
that provides individual training for the
manpower for United States airpower can be
traced to Texas." Thousands of airmen have
taken some part of their training in Texasand in nine cases out of ten their instructors
learned to teach in Texas.
Topography and climate have combined to
help concentrate training activities in the
state. Minimum of clouds, mild climate and
77,391,536 acres of treeless hills and plains in
the state are major factors.
National headquarters of the AAF Training
Command is in Fort Worth. Commanding
General is Lt. Gen. Barton K. Yount, who is
assisted by some 300 officers and 300 civil-
ians. The Training Command operates a
nation-wide network of flying and technical
schools for training of all AAF personnel-
pilots, bombardiers, navigators, gunners and
technicians. At peak strength in January,
1944, it was the largest single command in
the Army with headquarters outside Wash-
ington, with .more than 1,000,000 men and
women under its jurisdiction. It operated
30,000 airplanes of all types and conducted
training in 450 installations throughout forty-
seven states.
Aviators Trained in Texas.
From Jan. 1, 1942, to May 1, 1944, the
Training Command at Texas installations pro-
duced 44,958 pilots including 647 women
pilots and 2,040 liaison pilots; 12 534 bom-
bardiers, 12,706 navigators 45,249 flexible
gunners 74,022 airplane and engine mechan-
ics, 12,147 pilot training instructors, 1,275
bombardier instructors, 1,372 instrument
trainer instructors and 7,500 glider pilots.
About 3,800 pilots completed postgraduate
courses in transition training at specialized
two and four-engine schools and some 1,500
graduate pilots completed a course in fighter
transition. Another 4,132 fliers have been
graduated from an instrument pilot instruc-
tors' school and 846 from a fixed gunnery
nstructors' school. In its two basic training
centers in Texas, one at Amarillo and the
other at Sheppard Field, the Training Com-
mand has processed 135,009 basic soldiers. At
peak strength in January, 1944, the com-
mand's total military personnel permanent-
ly assigned to Texas stations totaled 101,540,
including instructors, operating and admin-
istrative personnel. They were aided by
31,334 civilians. As of April 30, 1944, there
were 9,282 airplanes of all types assigned to
Training Command fields In Texas, and from
October, 1942, to April, 1944, airmen from
Training Command schools in Texas flew a
grand total of 11,370,194 hours.
Air Training Services.
In June, 1944, the Training Command had
sixty separate activities in Texas, including
twenty-eight major airfields and fourteen
contract flying schools and covering 925,000
acres in forty counties. The twenty-eight
major airfields represent a greater total than
can be claimed by any other state.
To develop close co-ordination of flying
and technical training under five subordinate
commands, the Training Command has di-
vided the United States into five geograph-
ical areas. The Central Flying Training
Command's headquarters is in San Antonio,
covering an area of eleven states. Three of
the four other subordinate commands have
two major stations each in Texas.
Since Jan. 1, 1942, the Training Command
has conducted some fifty kinds of training
in Texas, turning out fighter, bomber, liai-
son, glider and women pilots; bombardiers,
navigators, navigator bombardiers, gunners;
pilot, bombardier, navigator and instrument
pilot instructors; airplane and engine me-
chanics, flight engineers, control tower oper-
ators, mess sergeants, cooks, administrative
officers and others.
Texas in Air Training History.
Texas has had a prominent role in air
training history. The AAF Training Com-
mand, which was established in July of 1943
with Fort Worth headquarters, represented
a merger of the Flying Training Command
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Texas Almanac, 1945-1946, book, 1945; Dallas, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth117166/m1/80/: accessed April 26, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.