Labor Messenger (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 23, No. 6, Ed. 1 Friday, May 3, 1946 Page: 1 of 4
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1946
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Volume 22—Number 6
HOUSTON, TEXAS, FRIDAY, MAY 3, 1946
12.00 PER YEAR
Seeks Million New Members
labor that Major Gen. John Hilldring, assistant secretary of i
Department, the Govern- ,
in home construction.
READ CAREFULLY
in the Pacific Coast states have
inflation in real estate, the agen
rolls.
Delivers Stinging Rebuke At Critics Of
tion of temporary wage inequities in
mented by further data from 469
or more
in population and <379 smaller cities
The survey, disclosing what Na-
W. Wyatt described as inflation
ticipated," was made by presidents
tarian state, the individual is told where he must work. There
That is putting it in terms anyone should understand.
hundred years ago than our cities are like those of 1846.
Board simultaneously or within a
applications jointly with a number
Labor
convention.
and
visited
(Continued on Page 4)
outstanding one.
creasing preMiura for an early
PROCLAMATION
Employment service to the States,
What has really happened to war Earnings Tumble .31 Per Cent
lished this week.
' formerly earned, and even those
ages
service also has been arranged by
(Continued on Page 4)
in 411.
year ago.
I proval.
Millenium Is Not Here
But Better Times Are
Survey Shows One-Fourth
Of War W orkers Jobless
Others Forced To Take Low-Paying Jobs;
Half Fail To Return To Former Homes
by AKTHUR D. Hill. Jr., newly-
appoiated fu-tim chairman of the
Wage Adjustment Board of the
me basic
■ rstand
agement
Drive Will Be Directed By Leaders Of
I welve State Labor Federations
state, has laid down the policy that labor unions must be
organized in Germany and Japan and protected until they
become strong enough to protect themselves.
! to cure
ting the
le basic
must do
along the lines Johnston spoke is proof that big business
well as big labor has progressed.
Green Asks Senate To Restore
Attempts of union foes to blame
j wages of the building trades for the
high prices of homes were upset
this week by President William
Green of the A FL, which has been
s striving for years to bring home
ownership within the reach of wage
est inter-
age rates
make up
I likewise
vernment
deal with
year when he appears before the
Senate Banking and Currency Com-
mittee.
Meanwhile there were indications
that President Truman will veto
the OPA extension measure if it
goes through the Senate in the
in Feder-
to all the
act them-
restraint
eks and
s are de-
ay preju-
will cer-
sion pro-
st depend
&
-«j
2
One of the biggest problems of the reconstruction of Ger-
many and Japan is means to establish safeguards against
totalitarian movements of the future. It is considered neces-
sary to keep those countries policed by Allied troops until such
safeguards have been established.
Enclosed you will find credential blanks. The one
to be retained by your elected delegate, and bp ’
agent," said Johnston. "Be has the right to choose, the right
to make his own decisiens.put he does not have the right to
ride roughshod over the rights of others. What I’m saying is
vention.
Sec. 6. Convention committees shall be limited to fifteen (15) mem-
i indus-
I on the
I
he map.
em?
lr that
di-ca-
I
le-all for
toped by
tried by
he War
ffect of
the situ-
ted leg-
s troub-
time to
ing the
“%
T
With best good wishes to your entire membership, we remain,
Fraternally yours,
EXECUTIVE BOARD of the
TEXAS STATE FEDERATION OF LABOR.
A. S. McBride, President
Zannie E. Moore, Vice President, First District
Bryan Wingo, Vice President, Second District
May 11—Truck Transportation.
Members of the Teamsters Union
will be interviewed from an over-
the-road lunchroom stop in the
Chicago area.
of labor.
Mr. Green, Secretary-Treasurer
George Meany, Vice President Wil-
liam L. Hutcheson, John L. Lewis
and other members of the AFL
Executive Council, will address the
conference, along with officers of
Office of
HARRY W. ACREMAN,
5)
Official Newspaper of HoustonLabera
Official Representative^or~the A
and suburban areas.
try which will permit faster pro-
of the war workers were still un- of those were found to be unem-
employed and looking for jobs.. ployed. and their earnings, on the
Only 15 per cent held positions in average, dropped only 10 per cent,
the plants that employed them a compared to 31 per cent for the
Labor Unions To Aid Liberalizing
Germany And Japan
Capitalism, as we Americans understand the term, has cessing and eliminate...temporary
changed and progressed in this country as our democracy has unionsandtcontr"crrs
©1
“r"Vgd
' i I
Commerce, last night expounded some good Americanism at E
the chamber’s annual dinner in Atlantic City, N. J. In doing' Speedier processing of applications
so, he pointed out the newness of the American system and i for wage adjustments and elimina-
the decadent age of totalitarianism.
“Under progressive capitalism, the individual is a
9
1
i
- Washington, D. C.—In a stinging
In every part of the country. the ■ rebuke to the House for what he
specify a definite period during
which agreement, if approved, will
be in effect, and strongly urges
! that such agreements shall be of at
said.
“The House bill, if left unchang-
ed, threatens to force the cost of
living up to unprecedented heights
and to endanger our entire econo-
my. It is likely to usher in an era
of unbridled profiteering at the ex-
I veterans' housing, long-range hous-
l ing legislation, revision of unem-
ployment compensation, the much-
discussed national health program, j
and broadening of the social secur- I
I ity structure are some of the vital
issues awaiting action.
Board. Correspondence has been
heavy, and collections have been
somewhat better than usual.
i Politics
Candidates for major state of-
fices are, for the most part, pretty
well known at his time, although
The Nation and our City are faced with an acute hous-
ing shortage that is adversely affecting the welfare of
our people, in particular the returning veteran and his
family. Government bodies at all levels are working to
find solutions to the many problems involved in the
dilemma occasioned by the present shortage. The best
thinking of public officials, the building industry and
private citizens is needed to assist in promoting imme-
date, realistic action to alleviate as soon as possible this
emergency and,to lay plans for future action that will
make possible a decent home for all American citizens in
keeping with the high standards of living inherent in the
American way of life. In order to promote interest in the
serious housing problems and to encourage community
action in its solution, the week of1, May 5-11, 1946, is
hereby declared “Houston Housing Week.”
The citizenry of Houston is urged to participate in the
educational activities of this Week to the end that our
community may promote necessary action to more
quickly solve the problems peculiar to the drastic hous-
ing conditions with which we are presently faced.
City Hall
Houston, Texas
April 30, 1946
one of them wag a heel. Why
should I think my judgment is any
- .=-
v‘T .
uzenzzuezm
CONVENTION CALL Pay Myth Exposed Big AFL Campaign in South
State Federation Of Labor n rice omes c- 1 nx-n-
OPA Controls Killed By House
cy» report revealed, has reached J
A»oIG4h
§92′9
I ORGANIZED \ Z
(31 MAY. 13 £
\03
ironed out differences - job waiting for him, with all bene-
i fits of union wages and eonditions. I
formal announcements have not
been made in many instances. We
partment of Labor gave some sig-' dustries had to take jobs at con-
nificant answers in a report pub- siderably lower pay than they
Stabilization Board ruled this week submitted to conciliators wind up
when it forbade the Grand Photo in settlements.
Products, Inc., Cleveland, from In 448 of the 524 cases where
safely. But to undertake such a
move now, when production of
many necessities of Jlfe is still far
below consumer demands, is an
open invitation to suicidal inflation.
“Therefore, the American Feder-
ation of Labor calls upon the Sen-
ate to reject the House bill and to
■ I c , mr • P -J’ -vuuEI axu l ne
L. Googe, AFL southern represent- Union Label Trades Department.
I ative. I The Spring meeting of the AFL
. Executive Council will be held here
immediately following the confer-
ence at Asheville and presumably
will consider ways and means of
supporting the southern drive with
------- ---- —---, ------ — -- — ---- ----- ---- Reemployment of more than 600
Our Lord chose 12 disciples, and abandoning the lunchee which had strike votes had been taken in of its members who have been in
of different unions in an area,’’ Mr.
Hill declared, “coordination of the
applications in the matter of sub-
mission to the Board is believed to
be in no way burdensome or diffi-
cult of achievement. The local
building trades councils and con-
tracting associations, which are
frequently active in fostering all of
the applications which come from1
H. pay reductions without official ap- ciliators
“far worse even than had been an-
At a week end meeting Atlanta,
AFL southern leaders completed
plans for the third biennial South-
ern Labor Conference to be held
May 11 and 12 at Asheville, N. C.
----| The organizing drive will be
ing that inflation already has hit launched at this conference, which
Radio Program
Each Saturday
’ Forthcoming radio programs in i
i the “Cross Section—AFL” series
broadcast each Saturday at 3:45
p. m., Eastern Time, over the na- j
been served for many years. The March, the report declared. agree- s — - :__ •.u ______gu:
। board acted under a section of ments were effected without work the union. Eighty per cent have re-
better, or that the percentage of wage regulations which prohibit stoppage Out of 483 others, con- turned and each member found a
Since many contractors submit (15) votes, whether represented by three delegates or one
lienti.....inti" "ith - LABEL LEAGUES: Each union label league shall be entitled to five
(5) votes.
5
free the building industry are the objee-
tives of new procedures announced
Ie‘s a wage cut if an employer ren, chief of the U. S. Conciliation
I drops free lunches he has been giv- Service, shows that nearly 90 per
he was named co-chairman ing workers. So the National Wag* cent of the nation’s labor disputes
jp-* -avvuHIVI, anu visivea are now at that period between the
Houston in the interest of prepara- j “trial balloon” stage and the cam-
Sec. 29. All delegates must present credentials in person to the ere-
developed. It is no more like the American capitalism of a win "endeavor"to submitto the o^TO^inlx aporpeseeraed
1 J J XI ---- -i 1h ha "nin Tnn3 la. . .... Of their credentials by the secretary of their local union or central body.!
as | a single area are particularly urg- •
ed to cooperate in securing compli- :
ance with the new procedure. It is
not the Board’s intent to urge em- ]
ployers and labor to change their i
traditional collective bargaining:
relations but it is our hope that I
the Board’s decisions may be more
equitable by concurrent considera-
tion of several cases in the same;
l area.®
I The new program is the result ■
I of action by the entire Board, pub-
lic, industry and labor members.
“The Board also feels,” Mr. Hill
)
I
------- . --------- Washington, D. C—Plans to । triet councils and state federations
in accordance with the Constitution of the Texas State Federation of I earners. launch the most intensive organiz- 1 - . .
. .. . "" He said the cost of labor in the Iing.drive ever undertaken in the
! price of the average home I south by the trade union movement
Ever since the spring of 1946, the j still employed in the sathe plants i least one year's duration” Fre, I nncheg
department has been keeping tab were largely down-graded to lesser- The new Chairman of the Wage ’ 1‘ ’ —uMI 11e
on a cross-section of 2000 war! rated jobs. ! Adjustment Board was formerly
workers who had been employed in | On the whole, the employed i Assistant Solicitor of Labor in
in a report showing that homes Honing in the South, city and dis-1
that sold for $6000 or less in 19401 —..... —---—--
042
$obzos\
-( ORGANIZED \ Z I
)
*x36/
ordnance, aircraft and shipbuilding workers were earning SI per cent charge of the Wage Determination
plants. Also, for comparative pur- less than in the spring of 1945— and Wage Adjustment Branch of
posces, it checked the progress of and most had much less purchasing the Solicitor's Office. In October,
poses, it checked the progress of power than in 1941 because of 194.3, he was named co-chairman
war industries. higher living costs, tax deductions ! of the Board and now becomes its
its latest study, the department and other new burdens. full-time chairman.
said, disclosed that five to seven Employes in non-war industries
months after V-J Day. 25 per cent'fared much better. Only 6 per cent
be™ selected from the duplicate credentials in «e office of the Execu- skyrocketed an average of 96.3 per
Uve Secretary four (4) days prior to the opening date of the convention.
he can go around the corner and find a new boss. In a totali- thurD. Hill, Jr., former Assistant
Solicitor of the U. S. Department
i , , ... of Labor, announced a hew proced-
IS only one DOSS. It 8 the state itself. If he gets in Dutch with I ure for filing applications for wage 5013. ve nuvvu • saxy a pruxy vove unless ne is a res
his boss, he is sent to the salt mines.’* adjustments in the building indus- credited’delegate from his own union or from a central body.
WOMEN’S AUXILIARIES: Each woman’s auxiliary shall be entitled
to three (3) votes, regardless of membership. < .
LOCAL UNIONS: Each local union shall be entitled to one (l) vote cities alike, the report stated,
for the first ten (10) members or less, and one additional vote for each 1 ------------
alverngoomhonennyenemberahoptzrtheinnen nmpmbeang ' Vital Issues Imperiled
Conyention. ... If Congress Quits Soon
We anticipate meeting your delegates during the convention week •
and.asku.zour.cooperation in making the Forty-eighth Convention an Washington, D. C—Many issues tions for the coming convention. |
~ - highly important to organized labor i
face a tie-up in Congress under in-
summer adjournment.
Minimum wage legislation, the
I projected loan to Britain, extension
of price control beyond June 30,I
strike control legislation, House-'
Sec. 25. (a) The president shall appoint a committee of three persons, into every section of the nation,
one of whom shall be a woman, as an auditing and credentials commit-1 but the northeastern area, extend-
tee, whose duties it shall be to audit the books and accounts of the exec ing from Maine to Wisconsin, has
utive secretary. The committee shall compile the credentials so as to | experienced price increases slight-!
have them in readiness to be able to report at the first day’s session. | iv below the national „erac
The committee shall be selected from the credentials in the hands of the i ’ •
rtearyimzerctavenndnaidycemoakys XTO opehangoz “Ehe’con- report declared, inflation has been I termed a vote to "strangle price
vention. | greater for low-priced homes control" at the expense of the
(b) The committee shall inspect each delegate and any made delegate ( $6000 or less) than for medium- American worker, AFL President
not having at least five union labels or female delegate not having at | priced homes ($6000 to $12,000),, William Green appealed to the Sen- i
least three union labels, shall have their credentials submitted to the j and there have been accelerated ■ ate to rescue this legislation and
Convention for consideration. The credentials committee shall report price rises on all property—homes, approve an extension of controls I
to the Convention all delegates not having the required number of labels undeveloped land and prepared | for a full year,
when making their report. Each bona fide label of every craft must lie,building lota- since V-J Day - -
counted, unless it is obvious to the committee that the delegate is en-I This information, the agene
deavonng to defeat the purpose of this law. l.nia . 7 I. . a I
Sec. 27. DELEGATES: Representation in this Federation shall be one ? based upona a.d etailed,
(l) delegate from each local union, regardless of membership up to 100 gion-bY region examination, aug
members, and one additional delegate for each additional 100 members mantedNy further data 40
or majority fraction of 100 members; and three delegates from each citiesm70.or them 100,000.
central body; and one delegate from each union label league; and one ‘
delegate from each properly accredited women’s auxiliary.
One delegate may cast the entire voting strength of his union. A dele- _______________„
gate may claim membership in only one union, each additional union tional Housing Expediter Wilson
shall count aS a proxy, and no delegate shall be allowed to vote more —
than three proxies. Unions with a membership of 75 members or more,
shall not be allowed to send a proxy vote. Proxies cannot be issued by a
local union to a delegate residing in another town or city than that in
which his union is located, except proxies carried for local unions in ad-
jacent towns or cities having a population of less than 5000, and no dele-
gate shall be allowed to carry a proxy vote unless he is a regularly ac-
Program; Urges Year’s Extension
ost fre-
April is
uence of
March 21
Hauses of
ach par-
Rouble is
Rious pay
wo rkers.
ring the
nd upon
lr living
Irtime is
I shrunk
luf a me-
I an hour,
I dropped
le loss of
ne-and-a-
ut $8 is
I him $32.
In able to
lefore the
I present-
things he
at means
In da rd of
If and his
Ie things
his stage
To entitle your delegate to a seat in the Convention, your local must
have paid its per capita tax for the first quarter of 1946. Local unions , c .. y N..
not now affiliated with the Federation may seat delegates by paying per I III lation Is ( ited
'capita tax for the second quarter of 1946. Attention is respectfully , . .
directed to the Federation law governing representation and voting ill qtygiy( -y}gpg
strength in the Convention, and poll tax requirement for delegates. ©
EXCERPTS FROM THE FEDERATION LAW
---------- W ashington, D. C.—Grave warn-
Conciliators Bom Score
Washington, D. C—A “box-
score” presented by Edgar L. War-
Office of
THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
702 Littlefield Building — Austin 15, Texas
Austin, Texas, April 24, 1946.
Roy Jones, Vice President, Third District —-------- -------
George F. Webber, Vice President, Fourth District approved bill to return the U. S.
Fred J. Carr, Vice President, Fifth District ”—'.... 1
Alfred L. Bailey, Vice President, Sixth District
John W. Hays, Vice President, Seventh District
H. H. Matthews, Vice President, Eighth District
B. F. McClellan, Vice President, Ninth District
B. A. Gritta, Vice President, Tenth District
______ Mrs. Ethel Burch, Eleventh Vice President
HARRY W. ACREMAN. Executive Secretary.
Additional credential forms will be furnished upon application.
Address AU Communications to Room 70.3. Littlefield Building.
Austin 15, Texas.
_ e E-1 e J V4 -ue 0c union or central DodY- i 1 . , ,, . . ,
Credentials must contain space in which the financial secretary of the ed that Whie loW-Priced homes
nffilintej----a:---h-‘ -hi” l . .. . have gone up 65.1 per cent in price, Office of Field Representative Walker has
medium priced homes ($6000 $ 12,- HARRY W. ACREMAN, lieen traveling in the western part
000) have risen 57 per cent. Raw) Executive Secretary of the state, as well as attending
-rung - _ a I land has jumped 60.1 per cent, and Texas State Federation of Labor 'meetings of th Wage
CENTRAL BODIES: Each central body shall be entitled to'fifteen fully prepared building Jots have: 7103 Littlefield Building - ’ -
Ri vAtag urhethap panwnenm+aa ke +hwa. ac1---i— - -— ' a .1: 4 - r
gone up 61.8 per cent. The figures Austin 15, Texas
demonstrate that inflation has oc- April 30, 1946.
curved not only in a few overcrowd- To All Affiliated Organizations,
ed big cities, but in arge and small Greeting:
~icin- -11- -----—* --t-2 April has been a normally busy
month in the State office. During
the month, your secretary attended
the Louisiana State Federation of
Sec. 5. All resolutions must be in the hands of the Executive Sere- in that inflation already has hit launched at this conference, which
tary before the adjournment of the afternoon of the first day, and must the real estate market was sound- will be attended by delegates from
be in duplicate. Delegates desiring to introduce resolutions later than ed by the National Housing Agency 8600 AFL local unions now func-
the time specified must first gain the unanimous consent of the con- in a report showing that homes tioning in the South, city and dis-1
mm6ed -e-weem - and -7 per cenk, । 1:3: e
depending on location and other wuam Green.
v n conditions. . 1 he main g0al of the campaign
ru In 77 groups of industries costs is to.enrol 1,000,000 new members, __________
of labor exceed 30 per cent of the n A*L unions, in the next vear, Mr. I the Railway Employee Department,
e marked Moriginal" is value of the product, he pointed ( ureen said. The drive will be di-1 the Building and Construction
to De retained by your elected delegate, and by him presented to the ! out, stressing thst in all of these I rcted entirely by the executive of- Trades Department, the Metal
Committee on Credentials at the Convention. The one marked "dupli- a larger proportion of the purchas- i ficers of the 12 State Federations Trades Ji Guvern-
cate should be mailed to the Executive SecreUry as soon as your dele er's dollar goes to labor costs than of Labor in the South and George ment Employes Council and the
gate is elected. 11 -- A' ----- .... _ . . _ .
reasonable interval of time all ap- ----------------r---— -------— -uue, „ ui
plications pertaining to each craft affiliated organization shall certify the actual membership of the organ- have gone UP 651 per cent in Price,
angusthentslsariricatnonacforwbih cso. The voting strength in Convention shall be determined as
.... ] 1O10W S .
ranted in a single area.
which Mr. Wyatt 15 •Fadmin Report Of Officers State
The 19*40-1946 Comparisons show- Fe de ration Of Labor
assistance from the national organ-
ization as well as all affiliated
unions.
The Southern Labor Conference,
(Continued on Page 4)
Organized labor has had its development during that century
and business and industry have adapted themselves to the
newer, better times just as labor has.
No longer is industry 100% opposed to labor and its aims.
It was much less than a hundred years ago. But" now most
industrialists work with labor in a relationship that cannot
be understood by the capitalists and workers of countries like
Russia.
Don’t misunderstand us. We know the millenium is not
here, nor is it just around the corner. It is unreasonable to
think that human relationships will be perfect as long as
human beings lack perfection. But labor-management rela-
tions have definitely improved with the passage of years and
the speech of a president of the U. S. Chamber of Commerce
workers since V-J Day? The De- Those who drifted into other in-1 added, “that the parties should
“C A — continue OPA for another year
"American workers are deeply (without cripnling amendments»
cyfdfsapbtitedby thenaettotorthet A He win pee:
House of Representatives in adopt-, sent detailed testimony in favor of
ing amendments which would extending the OPA act for another
strangle price control,” Mr. Green
heels has decreased ?—John
Curtin,
Hon wide Columbia Broadcasting
System, are listed below for the in-
formation of trade unionists every- To ALL AFFILIATED ORGANIZATIONS,
where so that they can make ad-GEETING: .. _
vance plans to tune in: ' r I ------.....77 -----1 • EAud olue reuerauon ox
May 4___Printing Trades John ' Labor, Section 39, and by the authority vested in the Executive Board,, ..________ ___...
It is one of the greatest compliments ever paid organized B Haggerty, president of the I. we herewith submit.the.official call for the Forty-eighth Convention of sale price of the average home I South by the trade union movement
....... - .......... "UrnaX.^ed^iX Trades T^UX'moX^^ ranged between 24 -nd 29 Per cent, | wer.announced by AFL Presidene
Association; and Oscar White- i ness of the Convention is completed
house, secretary of the union em-j The Rice Hotel has been selected as Convention Headquarters. F •
ployers of the Printing Industry of I information regarding hotel rates and accommodations will be found on
America, will talk from a printing I the back of this call.
It is an acknowledgment of something that organized labor plant in Washington, D. C. | " 1 " *
- . , - form adopted by the House, which,
of Feder.! Home Eoan banks, rePenThe Ameratn*Fedgratsomet inestrongrovolt mrtallystripped
gional managers of the Home Own-1 Labor does not believe in the per- —
that man is more important than the machine or the products; l’. s. DEPARTMENT or LABOR.
of the machine. The primacy and dignity of man come first.
That’s the American concept. It’s the newer concept. In con-1 Labor Department
trast, is the older, or totalitarian concept of the primacy of re ■ ■ ■ I ■.
the state. ' 1o HelP Adjust
“That’s the difference between Russia’s economy and the, W acre Inequalitv
American economy. Let me state the difference simply. In a 5 *
democratic capitalism, the individual can jump from job to Appointed full-time chairman of
job if it suits his pleasure. If he gets in Dutch with his boss, 1116 Wage Adjustment Board, Ar-
$ Council^S^^fiiliated Organizations
‘drejgn of. Labor in Houston
Sec. 24. Any union in arrears six months shall be suspended and can , , f g J ana on-
be reinstated only by payment of arrearages and the current quarter in - - ° Pen eent
full. Local unions one fiscal year in arrears shall be dropped from the
Wine, Liquor Union
Puts 200 Veterans
into Jobs
New York City.—More than 200
veterans with no previous expert- j
ence in the trade: have been put on j
the job at the full union scale by |
the New York City Local No. 1 of
the Wine, Liquor and Distillery
Workers (AFL).
- . . . . The vote to send the HU to the
era Loan corporation, regional ex- ] petuation of government controls. | Senate was 355 to 42.
--------------- uu a casual vouy. pediters of NHA and insuring of- We favor the abolition of the OPA OPA Administrator Paul Porter
Sec. 28. No central body shall elect as delegate to the Convention of fices of the Federal Housing Ad- as soon as such action can be taken | (Continued on Page 4)
the Federation any member of a local union that ia not affiliated with I ministration, all constituents of —--------------------------—------------------------- ■
the Texas State Federation of Labor.
has long known: That labor unions are bulwarks of
democracy.
Hitler knew the danger the unions presented to the Nazis.
One of the first organizations the Nazis broke up in Ger-
many was the labor movement. Hitler knew that as long as
workers banded together they would fight for their rights.
He broke up the unions before he broke up the churches,
which were equally abhorrent to his philosophy.
General Hilldring divided the program of objectives into
two parts: 1. Demilitarizing the two countries, and 2, build-
ing up democratic systems strong enough to prevent control
from returning to war-bent leaders. In putting the second
part into effect, he demanded that workers be encouraged to
form strong unions. When this has been done, Germany and
Japan will have taken a long step toward democracy.
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Labor Messenger (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 23, No. 6, Ed. 1 Friday, May 3, 1946, newspaper, May 3, 1946; Houston, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1551833/m1/1/: accessed May 25, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; .