Texas Almanac, 2004-2005 Page: 81
672 p. : col. ill., maps, ports. ; 23 cm.View a full description of this book.
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Environment 81
species are found in East Texas.
Timber Growth and Removals
Between 1986 and 1992, an annual average of 691.6
million cubic feet of timber was removed from the inven-
tory either through harvest or land-use changes. Mean-
while, 728.6 million cubic feet were added to the inventory
through growth each year, resulting in a net increase in
timber inventory in East Texas.
For pine, however, slightly more is being cut than is
being grown. An average 530.5 million cubic feet were
removed during those years, while 522.9 million feet were
added by growth. For hardwoods, 161.1 million feet were
removed, while 205.7 million cubic feet were added by
growth.
Other Tree Regions
Compared to commercially important East Texas, rela-
tively little data are available for the other tree regions of
Texas. However, these areas are environmentally impor-
tant with benefits of wildlife habitat, improved water quality,
recreation and aesthetics. A brief description of these
areas can be found in the descriptions of Texas' vegetation
regions preceding this article.
Economic Impact of Timber in Texas
Timber is a major contributor to the state's economy.
The forest-products industry in Texas produces lumber,
plywood, oriented-strand board (OSB), poles, railroad
crossties, wood furniture, pulp, paper and paperboard,
and a host of other products from the timber grown in
Texas forests. Consider these Texas forest-industry facts:
* Texas is one of the top producers of forest products in
the nation. In 1999, it was the source of 3.5 percent of
softwood lumber, 11 percent of structural panels, and 3
percent of paper and paperboard produced in the United
States.
In 1999, timber ranked first in East Texas and fifth
statewide in the value of agricultural production after beef,
cotton, poultry and milk. The delivered value of the timber
harvest was $1.06 billion.
h In 1999, the forest-products industry in Texas pro-
duced and sold goods valued at $9.2 billion, 50 percent of
which came from the paper sector.
* In 2000, the forest industry directly employed 99,300
people: 49,500 in lumber and wood-products industries,
21,000 in the furniture industry and 29,000 in the paper
industry.
The 2001 Timber Harvest
Total Removals
Total removals in East Texas in 2001, including both
pine and hardwood, continued its descent. The total vol-
ume removed from the 43-county region was 674.2 million
cubic feet in 2001, compared to 728.5 million in 2000, a
7.5 percent decline. Included in total removal is timber har-
vested for industrial use and an estimate of logging resi-
due and other timber removals.
By species group, removals comprised 536.1 million
cubic feet of pine and 138.1 million cubic feet of hardwood.
Pine removal was down 4 percent, while hardwood
removal slipped 18.9 percent from 2000.
Eighty-nine percent of timber removal in East Texas,
including 91.1 percent of pine trees and 81 percent of
hardwoods, was used in the manufacture of wood prod-
ucts. This portion of total removal, called the "industrial
roundwood harvest," totaled 488.5 and 111.4 million cubic
feet for pine and hardwood, respectively. The pine indus-
trial roundwood harvest was down 4 percent, and the
hardwood roundwood harvest was off by 17.5 percent
from 2000. The combined harvest was down 6.8 percent
to 599.9 million cubic feet. Top producing counties
included Tyler, Jasper, Angelina, Polk, Newton, Cass and
Hardin counties. Angelina, Tyler, Jasper, Chambers and
Gregg counties experienced the greatest number of cubic
feet per acre of timber harvested during 2001.
Total Harvest Value
Stumpage value of the timber harvest decreased
15.4 percent in 2001 from its 2000 level, to $455.8 million,and the delivered value was down 9.3 percent to $849.2
million. Pine timber accounted for 92.4 percent of the total
stumpage value and 91 percent of the total delivered
value.
The harvest of sawlogs for production of lumber was
down 2.5 percent to 1,486.5 million board feet and com-
prised 40.4 percent of the total 2001 timber harvest. The
pine sawlog cut totaled 1,259.6 million board feet, down
5.5 percent, while the hardwood sawlog harvest rose 17.7
percent to 226.9 million board feet. Cass, Jasper, Ange-
lina, Newton and Tyler counties were the top producers of
sawlogs. See next page for table of sawlog harvest by
county.
Timber cut for the production of structural panels,
including plywood, OSB and harwood veneer, totaled
177.8 million cubic feet and represented 29.6 percent of
the timber harvest in 2001. This was a 10.2 percent
decrease from the 2000 harvest, primarily because of ply-
wood mill closures and the curtailment of OSB mill produc-
tion in East Texas. Pine timber represented 99.2 percent of
volume in this product category. Polk, Tyler, Jasper, New-
ton and Harrison were the top producers of veneer and
panel roundwood.
Harvest of timber for manufacture of pulp and paper
products continued to slide in 2001 after a sharp drop in
2000 and was down 10.2 percent from 2000 to 2.2 million
cords.The roundwood pulpwood harvest constituted 30
percent of the timber harvest in 2001. Pine pulpwood
made up 59.1 percent of the total pulpwood production in
2001. Jasper, Hardin, Angelina, Cass and Newton coun-
ties were the top producers of pulpwood.
Other roundwood harvested, including posts, poles
and pilings, totaled 2.7 million cubic feet in 2001.
Import-Export Trends
Texas was a net importer of timber products to sur-
rounding states in 2001. Net import of roundwood was
10.3 million cubic feet, or about 1.7 percent of industrial
wood production in Texas. Exports of roundwood from
Texas were 75.2 million cubic feet, while imports totaled
85.5 million cubic feet. About 87.5 percent of the timber
harvested in the state was consumed by Texas mills in
2001. The remainder was processed mainly in Arkansas,
Louisiana and Oklahoma.
Production of Forest Products
Lumber: Texas sawmills produced 1,507.6 million
board feet of lumber in 2001, a decrease of 5.5 percent
over 2000. Production of pine lumber dropped 8.3 percent
to 1,293.8 million board feet in 2001. Hardwood lumber
production decreased by 16.1 percent to 213.8 million
board feet in 2001. The following tables present the 10-
year trend in lumber production.
Texas Lumber Production, 1992-2001
*Lumber Production
Year Pine Hardwood
(thousand oard teeth)
1992 1,092,738 138,874
1993 1,244,37 171,976
1994 1,340,882 195,693
1995 1,139,462 159,831
1996 1,248,62 175,570
1997 1,316,762 160,553
1998 1,293,432 191,165
1999 1,279,48 225,570
2000 1,410,99 184,172
2001 1,293,82 213,795
Includes tie volumes.
Primary Mill Residue: Total mill residue, including
chips, sawdust, shavings and bark in primary mills such as
sawmills, panel mills and chip mills in 2001 was 8.5 million
short tons, a substantial increase from 2000, partly due to
adjustments of residue production ratio in 2001 for esti-
mating the quantity of chips and bark. Fifty-six percent of
residue was from pine species and 44 percent was from
hardwood species. Mill residue included 52.5 percent
barks, 34 percent chips, 10.4 percent sawdust and 3.3
percent shavings.
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Alvarez, Elizabeth Cruce. Texas Almanac, 2004-2005, book, 2004; Dallas, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth162511/m1/81/: accessed April 26, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.