Civilian and Gazette. Weekly. (Galveston, Tex.), Vol. 19, No. 42, Ed. 1 Tuesday, January 13, 1857 Page: 1 of 4
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fi'Mwif,
B. Nichols
Í-' .. - .Íív
IIS- ~,W., ■
ItFebster,
8, with Passengers
. y, brought
• large lot of freight
i day; carrying
- wbfeh lost a
cleured at New York lor
3 Ove
an arrived at New York from
20th ul\
ledit-
gh the
Bud too
verflow
resem-
lt him. Su-
' . t an off-
I of the bat-
, even in his own
i his own empire.
>, the bust,
nomy ofNapole-
EC0S0MÍ.
not too long to be
There ia a very great
^OQnd, wholesome
be Boston Trav-
rity of
pervades too generally
' oportion to their
i h— hnon
of Cotton received at Houston last
Í bales. The whole amoant re-
. t. to-fat Jan. was 29,285 bales,
in haud Jan. 1st, 2,6U bales. Middling
quoted, at that place, last Thursday, at
[ @ 11% cents per lb.
t^T" The steamship At antic, Capt. Sheppard,
from Brazos Santiago for New Orleans, via ludian-
oiu and Galveston, arrived this morning.
Pabsensebs.—L. and W. H. Stevens, H. E. Wood-
hi.use. Perez, Mr.Kuepp, Charrie, Penilias and 7
ou Deck—Also $63,000 in Specie.
. By the Atlantic we:baAe the Brownsville Flag
of January 8th, which has bééu doubled in size,
improved in appearance, and is again printed in
English and Spanish. There is-no news, however.
The Hon. Edwin B. Scarborough, editor of the
Flag, is a candidate for re-election to the State
Senate, a position he has faithfully aad creditably
filled for iour years, and to which we hope he may
be returned.
Gen. J.M.J. Carabajal, of Hidalgo county, had
been on a visit to Brownsville. He emerged from
his retirement, enjoyed in poverty since the failure
of his revolutionary scheme, to aid Vidanrri in bis
late successful negotiations.
Thanks to Mr. Hughes of the Louisiana,
and Mr. Marks, of the Daaiel Webster, for late files.
JI^T We were pleased to greet in our sanctum,
daring the week, our friend Asa M. Lewi , Esq., of
Bren ham, now in attendance upon the courts in
this city.
menscly (
, and should be
¡or; it seems to
• by ooonties,
, would be most
beneficial to the
supplied, by direct
of the patent and ma-
we should prefer as perhaps
ving employment to our own
ihanies. With one ;ef these ma
ly of our interior towns, they
at greatly rudueed rates
their prosperity would be im-
Planters. by their use, would
ly their own residences,
add barns, on-teiras so
introduction of superior
ig dnrnbility with ntili
on the subjeot
. W We have reoeived, the first number of the
Washington (Texas) Democrat, by J. Liulefleld, a
very neat paper to which we extend the hand of
fellowship.
be enabled to erect not
but negro houses,
cheap 'as 'to ji
houses and oabbn
tycomfort and
Persons
known Mr. Eldridge long and well, and can un-
hesitatingly recpmmend fiiqiio thepeopleof Texas
as a practical man, a gentleman and strictly honor
able and reliable in all matters of business. He
formerly resided much in Illinois and Kentucky,
atad has also seen something of Texas and- Loui-
siana He would not engage in an enterprise of
this kind unless convinced of its„utility and claims
to public patronage. We depart from our'usual
custom in thas endorsing unqualifiedly the intro-
ducer of what may be termed " A Yankee inven-
tion," hut we do so first because, from descriptions
we have of the modus operandi, we have great con-
fidence in Jts adaption to the wants of Texas ; and
secondly, because of the intimate knowledge wla
have of Mr. Eldridge's sterling qualities, and his
sound, practical judgment, knowing that in trans-
acting business wittihim no one need fear being
swindled.
Exaggerated Bukobs of negro disturbances have
lately been fife at the South—in Texas as well as
elsewhere. The Hnntsville Recorder has been fur-
nished with a circumstantial account of a contem-
plated insurrection movement in Houston county,
to the effect that a trusty and truthful negro man
revealed to some gentleman that " if they would
go to a certain house, they would End 125 stand of
arms, and if.they would watch the house they
ih the white- men engaged in it. They
did so, found the bouse and afms as described by
the negro man. They watched and eaught 'the
men the negro told them were at the head of the
insurrection." The name of a preacher is given as
one of the white-men implicated, and the whole ac(-
count seems plausible ; but the Printer, published
in Houston county, and with every means of ob-
taining correct information, says': " There have
been no insurrections, and no attempts to organize
for one, and all the stories about fire-arms and
powder discovered, negroes and white men bung,
&o., &c., are fabrications out of wholecloth.V.Many
other similar reports are equally groundless.
nary sugar oaue of the South. There is no
peot of such a renult. Both plants are alike ad-
apted peculiarly to warm climates, where they
aloné attain perfection, though each if planted
nually. will attain a certain irrowth. and are
susceptible of ninny useful purposes when grown
farther to tho North. The Patent Office Report of
1854, gives the following ioeount of the Chinese
oane: •
The Sorgho Sucre is a plant which, on rich land,
growB to.tbe height of from two to three or more
varde. Its steins are straight and Biuouth, having
' eaves somewhat flexuous and failing over, greatly
resembling Indian corn in appearance, hut is more
elegant in form, It is geuerally cultivated_iu hills
containing 8 or 10 «talks each, which bear at their
tops a conical panicle of den-e fl wert", greeu at
first but changing into violet shades, ami finally
into dark purple at matnrity. In France it is an
annual, where its cultivation and period ol growth
correspond with those of Indian corn ; but .from
observations made by M- Vitmorin, it is conjec-
tured that, from the vigor and fulness of the iower
•talks, in aaturuo, by
ng the winter, they would pro
the followirg spring. If cultivated in our South-
as many nations as civil
' 'anees, the friiits
indomitable en-
á wasteful
the, vast amount of
the balance of
; us, and we are con-
The people of
nent at the ex-
the men and women
make the tour
are the most profita-
wicants of costly arti-
the world. The ven-
to our shores and
of us, in the same
Tax Stats vs. John Babnett.-—The Richmond
Reporter says Judge Bell, upon the application of
the Defendant in the above entitled case, granted a
continuance, andadniitted him Co bail in the sum
of thirty thousand dollars.
Col. Jas.Reily, of Texas, has been admitted-as an
Attorney before the U. S.jGourt of claim , at Wash-
TttaSfBrvf-
ingtuil. 'Llliiullu ulHHlias will fi&d him a fa tbful
and efficient representative of their interests in that
Court, or the'transac|ion of other business at'Wash-
ington.
U-—^—. ,
Kyle's Texas Expbxsb.—Wo invite attention to
Mr. Kyle's advertisoirfknt in our paper. The Ex-
press has been in operation some time, and baB
faithfully performed itsdnties. Business men may'
safely entrust their business to it.
The papers of thi State, to some extent", are
canvassing names for he next' Governorship of
our State. The Dallas Herald and Lamar En-
quirer have hoisted the name of Col. Middleton
T. Johnson, of Tarrant. Lieutenant Governor
KunnelB, of Bowie, has warm friends all over the
State, who will urge his claims before the conven
tion. . The name of Gfen. J. P. Henderson, of
Harrison, has also beenjsuggested, but we have seen
no indication of his wilingnees to enter the field-
bv tbe'
ol our
i far be-;
f Europe,
any" tune in
ces, we jjer-
nflux of
wei
Jeflly
is
of ' the nobili
sing an ann
I would be au ample
nomy of dress and
uriiishingof the dwel-
i many of the houses ofour
re barely able to supply the
• families by the the elo-
t tó their business. A friend of
not long since several
i the vicinity of some of the landed,
of fWland whose ample rent
have warranted a high style of
t the simplicity of
i were much
■ ladies
than
They
substantial
ue clothing
r great occasions.
, instead of be-
bw years for
was the
families for
cen-
' wealth
ern States, it is probable that thu roots would send
forth new shoots in spring, without protection, in
the same mahnei it is supposed congener, the
Dourah Corn. Aocording to the experiments of M.
Ponsart, the seeds vegetate better when but slightly
oovered with earth.
The great object sought in.Frauoe tn the cultiva-
tion of this plant is the juice contained in its stalk
which 1'urniBhes three important products, namely,
sugar, which is identical with that of cane, alcohol,
and a fermented drina analogue to cider. This
juice is nearly colorless, and consists merely of
sugar and water. Its density varies from 1.050 to
1.075, and the proportion of sugar contained in it
from 10 to 16 per cent., a third part of which is
sometimes uncrystallizable. To this quantify of
unorystalizable sugar, this juice owes its facility of
readily fermenting, and consequently the large
amount of alconol it produces, compared with the
saccharine matter, observed directly, by the sac-
charouietre. In so far as the manufacture of sugar
is concerned, this plant appears to have but little
chance of successin Northern climate, as a large
portion of that which is uncrystallizable is not only
a loss to the manufacturer, but an obstacle to the
extraction of what is cryBtallizable. Yet it would
bé very different in the warmer climate of the South
where sugar caue is difficult to be obtained, in re
quiring protection from frost. From experiments
made by M. Viimorin on some dried stalks of
Sorgho sent from Algeria, it proved that the pro-
scuppebnoñg Wine.—Our good friends, R. & J.
Ware, Kuhn's Row, 8trapd, have placed npon our
table a bottle of Native Scuppernong Wine, from
the valley of the Ohio, a sample 9f_aJalUUut
sale in their establishment. Had it been any of the
strong drinks, oriordinary produce of the' vine, we
could not have tested its qualities. But, however
opposed to KnowiNothiogism in other respects, we
are favorable to (he doctrine of nativity in wines.
So, with dismounted hats, coats off and sleeves rol-
led np, we threw: down the glove to the Scupper-
nong^ and into it-'we pitched—slightly. And, to
i)Se a quaint phrase of the redoubtable Steve, of
constabulary celebrity, we " thort it was sumthin'
gude." Indeed it'is good—its grip, its vim and its
exbilerating diffusiveness, commend it to those
who would drink and be invigorated thereby. Tbe
Messrs. Ware have also just reoeived a splendid ac-
cession to their general stock of staple and fancy
groceries—preserves, sweetmeats, jellies, cordials,
<fec.
Houston Peice-Cdebent.—Tljere is now issued
from the Telegraph office a weekly report of the
markets', under the above caption. It evinces in-
dustry and intelligence in the preparation of ma-
terial and will doubtless be interesting to people
abroad, while it is subservient tothebnsiness inter-
ests of our flourishing sister city.
la. The Professors jof Baylor University have
issued a prospectus : >r publishing a monthly
periodical, to be styled he Texas Literary Journal.
Success attend their effu
The Texas Ranoeb.—By an almost inexcusable
¡nadvertenoe, resulting, however, from engage-
ments, we have failed CO n9tice tbe faot that oar
foiiiher townsman a l; contemporary, Joht M
Gibson, had becorao t 19'editor of the Texas Ran-
ger^ a paper enjoying 1 liberal patronage, and hon
drable position in the rich county of Washington,
he Ranger has encountered a singular succession
misfortunes, but lirougb the energy of Mr
isncaster, has risen 1 bove them, and now flour-
ishes. The accession ol the racy, disoreet and experi-
enced pen of Mr. Gibipf to its editorial colmnns,
must add much to its ligor and useful ness. He is
worthy of the supporaof the reading pubiio; and
we trust his labors at Hrenham may prove equally
advantageous to himself and to his patrons.
The Tap Road, to connect the city of Houston
with the Harrisburg Railroad, seven milea in length,
coet $121,589—of which sum $26,968 was raised by
individual Bnbscriptiou and tbe balance, $94,571
by money borrowed upon the bonds of the city.
The Chairman of the FinanceCommittee of theoity
corporation pays the receipts of this road in Decem-
ber were $602 against $600 expense.
and A. Dudley Mann, are
in the Southern Com-
are self appointed, so
Gen. Hugh MeLei
the representatives 0"
mercial Convention.
far as we know.".
We blip the above- frlm the miscellaneous col-
umns of the Houston Telegraph. It does Gen. Mc
Leod injustice. He wa<iappoinied, in accordance
with the circular requestbf the executive Southern
Committee, to represen^ Galveston in tbe Con-
vention .
Eligibility .—In our h
error in stating that the
of this city, was ineligibli
Judge of the State Mjj|
ing a member of tbé- Lej
tion provides that no
shall be eligible to any ol
may have been increased
until his Legislative
is the caso with regard
and the Supreme Court;
not a member when tb
made, having been éli
time afterwards, and tl
not apply to him. We met
rect the error, the facts
oally, as the Judge is not
Tas Daniel Wx
J. Lefevre, arrived ate
noucced in Our last.
for by our oiti
hich, when the
vessels for the I
_ expected. The Webster i
ww#*hdte.
r stormy 1
issue, we committed an
Leslie A. Thompson,
the office of Supreme
of course, to bis be
ature. The Constitu-
ir of the Legislature
tbe salary of whioh
he was a member,
have expired. Such
present legislators
<ige Thompson was
of salary wan
If a vacancy some
he inhibition does
mere ly to oor-
lortjrat practi-
lip, Capt.
%, as an-
ras anxiously
1 of anew line,
bring in their
t's Bay route, mnch
s, thorough buil'
best and quick-
waters. Shehas
aentsuccess. Her
ia large, and all in
the trade in which
9t over' a heavy lot
, of passengers, and on
la. We repeat the hope
kept up, without any
Üvilian have stolen
ig appropriated our al-
and times of holding
little time, and
1 our neighbors ap-
■a were not aware
¡3f The city of Houston last year expended
$10,285 in building and snpplyiilg machinery in
tbe improvement of the navigation of the bayou.
The Finance Committee say that the Dredge Boat,
upon whioh, since July last, $5,657,23 has been ex-
pended in building a ne w hull and putting her
machinery in perfect order, is now ip a much 'bet-
ter condition, in all respects, than when she first
commenced work in the Bayou.
The Louisville Journal recently reported the ar
rest of a negro preac ier at Madison, Indiana,
charged with having run off several negroes from
Kentucky. The Democrat says that tbe party ar-
rested "is the Rev. Wo. Anderson, who took the
stump lor Morton against Wizard in Indiana, at
the late election. * * It was only á few weeks
ago that Anderson was an employed advocate of a
cause espoused by a leading party journal here. He
is now on the way to Frankfort," (the penitentiary.)
fiecent geological explorations are said to
hasadeveloped great mineral resources in Georgia.
In roe district known as th Cherokee country the
fact has been ascertained tftát oopper, lead, and its
usual concomitant, affór, exists, and to an extent
which invites enterprise and capital. The princi-
ple vein is fully a mile in length, running on
ground exoelléutly situated for mining purposes.
Tbere:are three other parallel veins, with indica-
tions of being equally rich in lead, copper, and sil-
vers Every year furnishes fresh evidences of the
importance of geological surveys by State antbori-
flj
Neobo Pbkachkbs.—The New Orleans Creole,
an ''American" paper, says that there are some
three or four negeo Ohnrohes in that city, with
abont'lOOO members and ten preachers, which are
totally independent of our Southern denominations,
and under no supervision of the Methodist, Pres-
byterian, or Baptist ohurcbes in New Orleans.
And, what is stranger still, these free ilegro con-
gregations are presided over by free negro preach-
ers, sent here by the Indiana Annual Conference
rib the minutes of that Conference, the ap-
pointment of these free negro preachers to the
ohnrches in New Orleans, figure prominently. In
consequence of the apprehensions excited in the
pnblic miud by these facts, the city authorities have
lately closed all the negro churches. In consequen-
ce of this ciranmstance, the resident ministers of
the M. E. Chnrch South at N. Orleans, have pnb
lished a card saying:
' There are three churches in this city for oolored
people, and only three, in connection with and nn
dor the supervision of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, South. For the order, regulations and
teachings in these three, our church is responsible,
and nut for any others, how rouoh so ever they
For five days the weather has been cold
alike in name."
driaiing and luggy—awful:
The amount of coil
ilea.
ay, the son shines;
ved at Richmond waa
of extending the culture of
commendatious bestowed upon this
of the newspapers, many persons
bend that its introduction into tbe oobn
interfere materially with the growth of tbe
experimented upon tbe juice at Matal, Bbys that the.
proportion of crystalizable sugar quite predominates
where tbe olimate allows tbe plant fully to mature,
The chief advantage o; the Sorgho, as a sugar
plant,is the facality of its cultivation and the easy
treatment ol thejuice.* it is thought that the rough
product may surpass that of tbe sugar caue in those
countries where tbe latter is an annual, and like
which, its stalks.ánd leaves will furnish an abun-
dance ol nutritiousforage for sustaining and fatten
ing animals. As the molasses, too, is identical
.with that manufactured from the oane, it may be
used in the distillation of rum, alcohol, and the
liquor called "tafia," which resembles brandy.
Last year (1856) Messrs. Battey. and Peters, in
Gorda «our ,y, Georgia, jrodutfed from one eigh th of
án acre of this pane fifty-eight and one-half, gal-
ons of syrup, for whioh they have been offered
sixty cents per gallon ; a quantity of corn
for poultry, Ac., and a targe' amount"Sí. excellent
fodder. Ex-Go v. Hammond has also tried the
plant, and gives it as his opinion that, on an acrc
that will make a bale of cotton. 80.000^ to 40,0Qq
p.hp ywrb. b growu; -5 tit* "will yield 2 gal-
lons of juice, and bix gallons of juice one of syrup,
equal to the best molasiwa—about 288 gallons of
sy rup to the acre.
The mode of cultivation is the same aB that of
Indian oorn, and it requires to be well worked and
kept free from weeds.
TbiB grain ripenB in the South of Frunce in
September, and thiB is also the most favorable
time to commence gathering it.Cultivated under
favorable circurnatancea, it will yeld fifty bushels
of grain and twenty-six hundred gallons ofjuice to
tbe acre.
From all we have Been, we do not believe that
this plant will ooine into general use. for the pro-
duction of sugar , but it may be valuable for the
other purposes named—particularly for forage.—
The papers, and persons interested in selling tbe
seed, give many glowing aooounts of its sugar pro-
ducing qualities ; but as muoli was said a few
yeare aince, in favor of a plan, for supplying the
Country with sugar from cornstalks,
. ,, patronage wielded by this government 1 ' You ory different question from rendering it profitable.
valuable, xwt for ilu, fiuuiUm. uf tlu^negro, and you abridge xbis plant of the cactus tribe is cul ivated in Mex-
Hortbern Children.
While the following paragraph, from the N. Y.
Evening PoBt, presents a pleasant picture for phi-
lantbopio contemplation, it must also strike the po-
litical philosopher with singular force. The south-
ern statesman will find consolation in the reflection
that the benevolent, elevating Character of south-
ern institutions has never, and probably never will,
create the necessity for shipping boat loads of poor,
starving children to distant parts, to be apprentic-
ed out under a servile syBlem, analogous to Mexi-
can peonage, or British collierism. Northern eo
ciety has already, in the int'anoy of oue Govern-
ment, proven prolific in these unfortunate produc-
tions of youthful dependence anddegradatibn. The
philosophic pen of Van Evne has repeatedly pre-
sented this unwelcome comparison to the Northern
mind, and the day is hastening when they must
realise its force ; but the present excited state of
their minds forbids candid reflection on so impor-
tant and painful a subject. The Post says :
Yesterday, in the forenoon, Mr. C. C. Tracy, 01
the Newsboys' Lodging House, left Mew York with
a company of forty children, varying in age from
ten to Alteen yearB, and chiefly gathered from the
Children's Aid Society and the House of Industry
at tbe Five Points, it waa a pleasant scene, us they
were assembled at the.. Hudson River Railroad de-
pot, in Chambers street, from which they took
their departure; ' They were comfortably clothed
and were so. perfectly happy together, that ever;
one whb was fortunate enough to witness their de
light felt a corresponding feeling. It was sufficiei
to know that they were rescued from the evil whi<
beset thein, and tbe worse fate which impended,
to make the spectator feel and rejoice intently i>t
their escape. Among them were some noble loot-
ing boyB, worthy of the dsstiny to which they n/w
look forward with a hope that cheers and mates
tbem happy* Mr. Tracy has already secured hojbes
for tbem, and they will soon be what differenyin-
fluences and culture can make them. Comfortably
attired and well cared for, they anticipate a glad
termination to their jouihey, and as the cars mpved
away, they, were singing their Song of the
with all the spirit of a Christmas party carolii'g on
a pleasant family excursion to a friend's dwáling
San Aston 10, Texas.—The following pjpasin^
picture of the chief (own in Western Te
take from the San Antonio Herald:
The first impression that, strikes a straiger on
entering San Antonio is its entire dissimilarity to
all other cities or towns. This, indeed, Ihe real-
izes before he en ten it. If the day be nir, and
he enter from any of the roads leadingírom the
coast, (and doubtless the same might |e said of
any other route,) he will behold when he shall
have ascended to the top of the rim < > he basin
as it were, in which San Antonio is aftuatad, as
beaatiful a sight-as ever eye need hp delighted
witb. At this distance—about two miles—the
bouses appear tj> be most compactly ind regularly
Sgt, and all thit meets the eye are ff a perfectly
white color. The outline of the romantic San
Antonio, with, its golden colored jfoilage, as i<
winds its serpaitine coúise along pe streets al-
most on a l<vel with the hpusel, and through
the very hear) of the town, add/ much to the
beauty of thq picture. Indeed, ais river consti-
tutes of itself a remarkable curiAity, in addition
10 its being a blessing of incalculable value'.
Within threemilea of its head «ring, it here rung
a rapid, trai^lucent volume; hfdf as large as tbe
Potomac at harper's Ferry, or (he Arno at Flo
rence, and is unvarj ing as time Its^f. From this
stream th^re are irrigating eau^s extending
out of the
. „
Mb. Rusk. Well, sir, fortunately wa are not I issues presented, and their jqdgment is
mueh afraid of dogs. If the Senator hasnotehanged with hopefulness, as that of a tribunal, which the
any opinions l am glad of it ; but I hope be will enemies of the South reoognize as authoritative and
take away'an expression which is offensive to those obligatory, to give us peaoe ou gome of the most
^jg " ~ '* " ' dbtraoting of these queationa s, ""
The case, as onr readers know.ia that, of a negro,
named Dred Scott, in Missouri, who sues for bis
freedom, on the ground that he had been vol-
untarily taken by his owners into the free State
of Illinois, where slavery is abolished by the con-
stitution, and into a northwestern territory, irom
which slavery was excluded by act of (Jongrosa,
whioh act is contained in the section of the Mis-'
souri bill of 1830, called the Missouri Compromise,
by whioh slavery was prohibited jjorth of the par-
of 860 80'. The case raises the preliminary
of us who do not believe that slavery is snch a blot
as he supposes.
He speaks of the political, power of slavery to
which be objects. Let us examine his own argu-
ment for a moment. Three-fifths of the Slaves are
counted In making an apportionment of the mem-
bers of Congress. They are counted in South Caro-
lina. Suppose one-fifth of them move into Kansas;
are any more counted there f No. Then this is a
mere pretext. The transition of slaves from one
section of the oonntry to .another does not increase
the [lolltioal power of slavery one iota. Will biB
constituents who read his speech believe that it does?
I do not suppose that they will; they oannot
Mb. Fessbnoen: Allow me to ask the Senator a
question simply in relation to his last point f
Ma. Rusk. Certainly.
Mb. Fessenden. If a certain portion of theslaves
of Sonth Carolina be taken to Kansas, and in cOn-
sequenee of It Kansas beoomes a slave State, is. not
the political power of slavery in the Senate of the
United States thereby increased ?
Mb. Rusk. As a matter of course.
Mb. Fkssenoen. Very wall.
Ma. Rubk. But that is a begging of tbe question,
because the broad ground is put tb tt it is a great
increase of the political power of slavery. That I
take it, then, is a species of clap-trap, used for the
same purpose that tbe word "freedom" is, to appeal
to the passions of the people in one section of the
country to array them in hostility to another.
The gentleman from Ohio said that freedom and
slavery cannot exist together. 'The Senator from
South Carolina, I think, answered him very well oy
reference to the aotion of the framers Of the Consti-
tution. When pressed on the point, he Bays that
his meaning is that they oannot exist together in
the Territories. What is the distinction between a
State and a Territory in this respect! Mark you, he
is a great Union man j he is for preserving the Un-
ion, and throwing tbe responsibility of its dissoln
tion on the Southern States. Now, pray what is
the difference between slavery in the Territories and
Blavery in the States ? He says the fact that slaves
are an element of political power is tbe most offen-
sive part of slavery, not'only to him, bnt to the
whole Northern mind. Then the Constitution is
offensive and you make the broad declaration—such
is the language, and there is uo way of esoape from
it—that tne Constitution under whioh you live and
whioh you have sworn to support, is offensive to you
and to the Northern mind 1
But, sir, this talk of freedom and slaveryJa clap
trap. A great deal of misohief has been dons in the
name of liberty by appealing t" the angry passions
of men when their reason baa escaped. All the ele-
nent harangues that have been made about free
Kansas are in fact for the freedom of the negro ánd
the abridgment of. tbe freedom of the white man.
Mb. Fessenden. How do you make that out ?
Mb. Rusk. I will show you. The ¿jeople go to
Kansas ; if they are free they have a right to choose
their own institutions ; if they haveiierfeot liberty,'
they have a right, when they go títere, to form a
State government and choose their own institutions,
and you have no power to take preliminary steps to
infringe that right. We have offered to submit that
nestion to the supreme Court ofthe United States,
iouhave refused to accede to the submission. Then
ou must be the guardian of th« people of Kansas ;
on muBt determine for them/whether tney shall
>ave slavery or not ; you, livi/ig a thousand miles
>ff and having a Presidential Candidate to elect, not
looking so much to their interests as the control of
the government of these Stutes ■ and the immense
into inquiry .._
tionality of the Missouri compromise, and by con-
question ofjurisdiction, whether a negro is a citi-
zen of the United States, within the meaning ofthe
constitution, so as to entitle him tb sne in the Fed-
eral Court. It also involues the much contested
question of the right of transit and temporary res-
idences, for slaves, in the free States, and, most of
all, in view of the preeent agititations of the pub
lie mind, and their effisctp on the country, it brings
' ^¡AAtutnn t lio AA'hcfitn ■
¡isióñ, the Óísnstitu-
. .iromise, and by con-
sequence, the power of Congress to abolish slavery
in the Territories.
If the case is dismissed on the plea to the juris
diction, that the negro cannot sue, the remaining
points may be passed over with only a few dicta,
and perhaps without any examination at all by the
oourt. We should regreat thiB very much, since it
is desirable, in every point of view, that a fixed
point may be reaobed in the-law on the snbject,
that men's minds may have a resting-place or a
new and distinct point of departure for the future.
A very general willingness has been expressed by
the disputants in Congress to abide by the decision
of the court, with tbe exception that in a portion
of the ultra Anti-Slavery faction the court has
been made the subject of some severe denunciation,
on tbe presumption, from its known components
and the tenor of former judgments, that the de-
cision will be in favor of tbe Southern interpreta-
tion. But these demonstrations of violent opposi-
tion will fail to weaken essentially tbe moral power
which snch a decision of this august court would
give to the conservative elements in the country
over the factious and the revolutionary.
If the court should only dismiss the oase for
want of jurisdiction, because the negro is not a
citizen in tbe view of the Constitution, leaving the
other questions untouched, a strong point will still
have been gained. There is a great deal of vital
importance to these iasuea in tbe inquiry whether-
a negro whom a State may choose to make a oiti-r
zen is entitled under the federal compact to be.
looked upon as the equal of white citizens of other
States in the relations of the several States, and
especially of the free States and the Blave States,
with each other. An authoritative disallowance
of this fallacy will serve a high national purpose,
tend to make the intercourse between the States
more harmonious, and strengthen the bonds of
brotherhood.
In the meanwhile the judgment of tbe court on
these points is waited for with an intense solici-
tude, and witb the fervent hope that it may be
made the means of pacifying contentions and ad-
ding new strength to the Union.—Pícayun .
before .„
of South Carolina, had
the whole South; and for onThe
pared to endorse his views. The si
involving tremendous consequences,
reflection was necessary.
Mr. Kichardson, of Maryland, said he was not
prepared to advocate commerce in slaves. ~
hoped this firebrand would not be considered
Mr. Gholson, of Virginia, was opposed tota
the su ject up now, unless now to discuss witE
the world the moral question. If the South
pressed the revival of the slave trade, it would
drive away many now with us. He regarded it
as a direct attdck upon the Union.
Mr. Goulding, of Georgia, made a fiery speech,
jielending thfi renewal of tha slave trade.
was from God; and he (Gotilding) was
defend it in all its bearings. It conferred equal
blessings on both races. Was it a greater crime
to tear the husband from his wife in Virginia to
WQtk a cotton field in the South, than to purchase
a negro in trica and Christianize and civilize
him? Now was the time to decide the question,
and assert our righis before tbe whole werld.
Messrs. Cropper'and Green, of Virginia, endorsed
Mr. Gouldiug's views.
Mr. McLeod, of Texaa, pledged his State to the
extremes! views urged to-day. Mexico falling to
pieces by our side, we must introduce there our
peculiar iustitutiou, and counteract European in-
trigues ; negro labor was necessary to the 'devel-
opment of that region.
Tbe motion was taken up and lost: yeas 16,
nays 68. South Carolina, Texas and a part of
Louisiana only voted in the affirmative.
the freédom of the white m/in. You say to Kansas,
"We will mould your institutions to Buit us, and
you shall not have the privilege of moulding them
to suit yourself." That/s the effect; that is the
fiwnifr ■ . ■ - J ^ i'i;
ou contend for another doctrine which I hear
strenuously insisted upon here; and that is, that
slavery does not, by vytue of tbe Constitution, go
to a Territory. You ¿ave high names for that
doctrine; but do yol believe it ? Your actions
contradict it. If you jo believe, why do you agitate
tbe country and endanger the Union by attempting
to engraft such a prohibition in a law ? If the
Constitution prohibits a man from taking his slave
to a Territory, why not rest upon tbe Constitution?
Let some of you whb wiBb to have peaoe and quiet,
and to get rid of tus eternal quarrel, draw up some
rnstrtiraeiit by which the:question of slavery going
into Territories ofjlhe United States shall be left to
rest solely upon th) rights of the citizens of the Union
under the Constitution, and I will vote for it to
morrow,; but you Will not do this. Yon were tested
upon that point/eight years ago. The lamented
Senator whose death was annonnced yesterday by
his oolleague, aid another who is about to follow
him from this Wdy—not by a natural, but by a po-
litical death, atirbich your party seem to exult, be
cause, in mV opinion, he stood up for the Constitu-
tion of the Uuifed States—those Senators came for-
ward with a proposition for tbe organization of
Territorial gwernmenta, known as the Clayton
compromise hill, by which it was declared that the
Territorial Legislature should neither establish nor
prohibit Blanry, but that the question Bhould be
eft ;to tbe jtjdieiary, with the right of taking an
appeal direftly to the Supreme Court to test the
point whetoer, by taking a slave there, he re-
mained property or became free. That proposition
was rejectia. It was voted against by your party,
andi defeapd. by them in the other House. There
was; an ewy way of compromising this difficulty.
I do ndt intend to use the language to which I at
first adveted, if I can avoid doing so ; but 1 oannot
make stibng promises, for I am eubjeot, like other
men, to passions and excitements; but I trust in
Ood tint this elegant language of "falsehood,"
"libel,Í "slander," and "vituperation," as applied
to onennother here, or as applied by one branch of
our Government towards another, will cease. Cer-
tainly the ideas sought to be conveyed oau.be an-
nounfed in more appropriate and less offensive
language.
Tbe Cocliineal Plant.
The last report of the Paten Office relating to
agriculture directs some attention to the cultiva-
tion of the above plant. The fact is, there i« no
difficulty connected with its cultivation ; it grows
abundantly in Florida and Texas; but that is a very
)ur Customers (or Cotton—1856.
Bales
Tolbreat Britain Direct... .1,986,809
Bntish Poasessions.... .... 9,958
Fiinee.:. ;...... 482,254
Bimen^.. 186,054
Sfain. 188,021
iá................... 10,585
;en ........ 87,624
<nmark 2,422
amburg.,.............. 84,192
Holland........ .... ..... 28,789
elglum........ ........ 50.279
■rdinia. 89,747
'Austria 40,149
Mexioo.:. ...... ...... 24,746
Miscellaneous 8,046
Total................... 2,991,175 $128,882,851
Value.
$85,179,208
499,896
21,195,546
4,288,497
5^ 1,617
514,161
1,652.049
127,790
1,469,758
1,252,242
2,198,060
1,596,757
« 1,724,599
628,058
844,228
Where our Foreign Sugar comea From
1856.
Cuba «16,868,599
Porto Rico
Phillippine Island.;
British I West Indies. ...'..
Dutch East and West Indies .*....
Brazil.......... - •••
China, i.
Miscellaneous........
8,289,152
780,921
681,109
23S,176
498,605
887,281
206,560
.<22,400,853
81,504
68,109
Total Import Brown Sugars
White Clayed or Powdered..-...... ....
Loaf and Refined...,........... ■.....
Cuba Molasses.... .$8,510,609
Other Molasses............., 824,059-^4,884,668
Total Sugar and Molasses...
..$26,864,684
Vaice or Whabveb.—The city of Houston de-
rives more revenne from wharfage than any other
source as the report of her finances for the past
year shows—her revenues being
Froni Wharfage....;..... $15.019 86
" i Taxes ........... 4,790 97
■' I Fines.. ..V... ........ ....... 285 00
" Licenses........... 2.675 47
" ! Market 1,089 15
j $28,810 45.
icO and Honduras for the sake of the insect or bug
which feeds upon it, and which is employed for the
purposes of dyeing '•«•"tinn",—"'* ' 1
mrBttraou wool. It is sold at present for about
one dollar and a ha f per pound—retail price—and
is an expensive article. It íb employed with a
mordant of the chloride of >in and cream tartar in
dyeing, and with alum for making fine carmine
inks, and lakes for painting. The colors produced
from it are very briliant aud beautiful—no other
known red coloring drug equals it. Were it chea-
per, more of it, no doubt, would he employed, and
it would save a great amount to the Country every
year, as lac, which is imported from the East In-
dies, is now used extensively as a substitute for it,
simply because it is cheaper, although it requires
four times more of it to produce as intense a color
id it is not so brilliant then.
But can we cultivate the Cochineal cheap ? that
is the question. The. dye drug is the iuBect, not
the plant. Now the insects are sm ill—only about
the size of large rose bugs—therefor , when they
are dried it takes very many of them to make a
pound. Without cheap labor to attend the plants,
smoke the bugs, and gath¿r them in sheets from
the catcus, there is no use of attempting to. culti-
vate the plant for tbe insect. The cultivation of
the Cochineal in Texas is simply a question of eco-
nomy, not of climate or soil. The Indians are the
only persons employed to collect those insects in
Mexico, and they labor for a few cents a day.
The Important Slave Case on Tbial in Wash
ington.—The Washington correspondent Of the
Baltimore Sun gives that paper a brief history of
the important case now being tried before tbe
United Stotes Supreme Court, in which Dred Scott,
colored, eues for freedom. He says:
Dr. Edmondson, of the U. S. Army, removed
with a slave (Scott) from Missouri to Rock Island,
Illinois, and after remaining there three years, re-
moved to Iowa. Major Tafifero bad also carried
a Blave woman to Fort Snelling, who there mar-
ried Scott. They have two children, one of whom
was born in Iowa, or some place north of S6 deg.
80 min., and tbe other in Missouri. The parties
finally went to Missouri, and became the property
of Sandford by purchase. Dred Scott brought an
action in Missouri for the recovery of his freedom
and that of his wife aud their issue, on the ground
that by having been voluntarily by their owners
taken into free territory, and becoming domiciled
there, they had become free. • The Court, Judge
Scott presiding, decided against tbe claim of the
parties to freedom, on the ground, I believe, that
their Owners bad done no act exhibiting an inten
tion to manumit them, and that, therefore, under
the Missouri law, they were slaves.
Dred Scott now brings this suit as plaintiff in
error to the Supreme Court.
The case was argued at the last term of the
Court. It was then thought to be. a made up
case—made up, perhaps, bi politicians, with a
view to test soine points of constitutional law,
relative to territories, popular sovereignty, the
right of travel of slave owners with their slaves
through free territory, the constitutionality of the
act of 1820, piohibiting slavery north of 36 deg.
{Ju min., etc. *
The decision was deferred till this term, and
another hearing ordered—probably because the
Court did not like to make a decision ou political
questions upon tbe eve of a very exciting election.
The correspondent of the Journal of Commerce
thus defines the three questions involved:
lBt. Whether a person of color is a citizen of
the United States, and, as such, has a right to
bring a suit in tbe Supreme Court of the United
States; 2d, whether, having been voluntarily
taken into a State where slavery was tolerated,
and there manumitted, the party can be, upon
a return to Missouri, claimed asa slave; and 3d,
whether slavery was not constitutionally proiiibited
by the 8th section of the act of 1820, lor tbe ad
mission of Missouri, in all the territory north ol
the latitude ol 36 deg. 80 min., and in which Ter-
ritory the party and her children resided.
Tbe Inland of Cuba.
Of course all school boys have a pretty good un-
derstanding that the eleven degrees of longitude,
more or less, of extreme length, and gome hundred
and upwards miles of greatest breadth of Cuba,
are also attended by some 32,000 to 85,000 square
miles of tbe tiuest soil, for particular purposes, on
the surface of the earth, or an area about equal to
that of Ireland. While this is so, however, the
best authorities place the population of Cuba at a
much smaller ratio than is to be found in most
long and thickly populated regions, and at scarcely
more tha i a fifth of what Ireland possessed pre-
vious to the recent exodus.
Tue total population of Cuba a! the close of the
year 1855, is estimated "by Mr* Thrasher to reach
1,446,462, divided in the proportions of—
White population....... .564,693 or 39 per cent
Free coored " .. . .219,170 or 16 •'
Slave. " ........662,599 or 46 "
From the careful means taken by the author
named to correct very palpable errors in the cen-
sus of the Isiand for the year 1846, there is little
reason to doubt tbe correctness of this estimate,
and based upon it, there is still less reason for
supposing the population at the close of the pre-
sent year will greatly exceed 1,500,000 souls.
The ratio in which the Island has attained its
present population is thus given:
Population in 17Í5 170,870
.. 1817 551,998
.. 1827 701,486
l.nnMat
—;— • -ibim • 1 i, 1
.. .. 1850 ....1,247,230
.. 1855 .1,446,462
The estates of tbe Island of Cuba have been
proportioned as follows, which is probably as cor-
rect an estimate as in attainable, though for its
correctness we have no certain means of vouching:
Sugar estates... .1442 I Tobacco estates... 912
Coffee " . ...16S8 | Grazing farms ... .9930
The total products are conceived to be about
$60,000,000 annually, of which the foliowin are
tbe most important items:
Value of Sugar .$18,699,924
Fruits ......> 14,8^9,050
Molasses v............ 1,402,728
$35,201,652
The imports of tbe Island Tor tbe year 1852 were
about $30.000,000, being in excess of tbe exports
some $2,0i)0,000. Of the imports, $6,860,000
were.from the United States, and of the exports,
nearly one half of the whole amqnnt were sent
hither. The total revenue from all sources, legi-
timate and those devised by the peculiar ingenuity
of extortion possessed by Spanish policy, reached,
in 1852, possibly, $16,000,000.
through'ihi different parts of the tywn. used to
great advantage in Watering gardens ami shrub-
bery: ana by means of wiiich vegetables of tbe
ost delidous kind are grown here a| all seasons
j ~.'r . (M np
We ief'r, however, that an entranceunto and a
ilation" through town, would pe calcu-
lated to throw a damper upon this rath'
picture/ The streets in the older p
re crooked, narrow, and dirty enou;
are mainly uncOuth looking structi
wearing the style oftbeta
"*1n*{ne more modern
town, however, there is a
The Territory or Abibóna.—The boundaries
of this new territory cannot now be stated with
exactness, but it runs westward from the western
line of Texas, through portions of Chihuahua and
Sonora, between latitude 80 and 32 degrees. It
will make a State about as large as Pennsylvania.
There are already about 18,000 inhabitants within
its limits, who have taken the preliminary steps to
rorm a territorial government. They sent on to
Washington, by the last California steamer, Mr.
Nathan P. Cook, as a delegate to Congress, wiiose
presentation we have already noticed. It ig ex-
pected that he will take an early occasion to se-
cure the organization of the Territory of Arizona.
Arizona is favorably situated as to climate and
geographical position. In its territory are to be
found mountains which ere probably rich in min-
eral wealth, fertile plains, and one or two con-
siderable rivers. Its situation exempt it, in a
great measure, from tbe influence of the bleak
winds which prevail over portions of New Mexico,
its northern neighbor, and allows .the abundant
production of the grains and other crops peculiar
the Í genial clime of western Texas. It t
from the old Spanish Mexican
wbich stands on the Sierra Espi
rove-1 cbTO-^e Rocky Mountains. We
weighing seventy pounds, is sufficient; then mix
One pound of coarse brown sugar, one pound of
treacle or molasses, and pour over the Haltpetre
on the bacon, adding a little more common salt
daily for three days, which serves to make the
pickle keep well, and tne whole liquor should
ladled with a tea-cup, over the bacou, as often
convenient, tour timega day for tbe first two weeks
aftér it was first put to the bacon, and then never
lew tkan twice a day for the remainder of the time
needed for its pickling, which is four wi
longer, if large bacon.; and then it should be sent
to the drying-house, and smoked over a if ood lire.
This, method is much in vogue among
?alue of Tea imp
1 Tasara, for «ale w¡
J. HAHNAY.
an a.
ii§y|
....
....
Balanoe overdrawn in November.....
xxrxNnr
Cemetries
City Hospital
Hospital Repairs
Burials
Pauper Expenses
Commissions.
1
To balanoe..
Canal Fnnd balanoe in Treasury.
Hospital Fund balanoe in Treasury..
General Fund overdrawn.
Total balance in Treaanry
Attest, L. H. SMITH, City I
I jH
fc: I
JaboabtS, 3
Regulas Meeting.—Present: Mayoi
Hjsnbt Bbown, Aid. Lidstone, Kauffinan,
Beissner, Yard and Thompson.
The Minutes of the previous me
and adopted.
The Treasurers, Collectors and Harbor j
reports were received and referred to tbe C
on Finanoe.
The Street Superintendent's report with bill 1
4.332 25, waa re<£fed, and the Sill ordered
paid.
The Committee on Revising Ordinances reported
back with amendment:
An Ordinance, relatiug to the City Marshal, and
prescribing his duties; read third time and passed.
1 he following bills were then- taken up:
An Ordinance, oonoerning the Assessor and Col-
lector of Taxes, and providing for the mode and
manner of Assessing and Colicoting the City Taxes,
read seoond time and passed.
. -^Ordinance, relating to the office and duties of
the Port Wardens ofthe Port of Galveston, read
second time and passed.
Au Ordin auue, concerning the Cemeteries
the olhce and duty of the City Sexton, retK'
time and passed.
An Ordinance, oonoerning the Revenues of the
City oí Galveston, read aeootid time and passed.
An Ordinanee for the prevention and abatement ^
of Nuisances, read second time aud passed.
An Ordinance, consolidating into one, and to
amend the «nirar.1 Ofrli. rf. 1. ' *'
Houses and Markets, and the inspection of
read second time and passed.
An Ordinanoe for the preservation of
the public
ven hon of
peace and tranquility and for the prevent
gaming and disorderly praotioes, read seoond time
and passed.
On Motion of Aid. .Lidstone it was
£etolvea, That the sum of one hundred dollars
be appropriated out of the Hospital Fund for the
completion of the repairs of the City Cemetry.
Messrs. J. J. Hendly and John Dean, a Com-
mittee on behalf of tbe Galveston and Brazos Navi-
gation Co. appeard and submitted a verbal proposi-
tion to the Counoil, in regard to the land oertlfioates
hold by said company, and inviting the Counoil in
behalf of the bonds held by the City, to assist in
raising means to locate, survey and patent those
lands.
On Motion of Aid. Thompson it was
Retolvtd, That the subjedt be .taken t
ment and laid over until the-nexti
A number.nf hills Btaiir+to-pi&ed and orda
to be paid. \
On Motion, adjourned until Wednesday, 7th 1
i 7 o'clock p. x. . . . 1
A. M. Attest: L. H. BMITH.Ciit fit.™,
Growing men.
Dr. W. Holmes has shown what every body
knows, that we are, as a race, deteriorating. But
he has not given ue the reason why the New Eng-
land man grows smaller in bone and mugcle.
Chemistry tells us it is owing to the want of ma-
terial in . the soil to produce bono. Much is
owing to our unnatural hahits of life. Much to
tbe weakness of our female sex, who do anything
but develop their muscular powers. But the main
reason why the race deteriorates so rapidly in the
Eastern part of New England, is owing to the
hari granite soil, which does not furnish limestone the parties to a contract for the'sale of provisions
sufficient to form the bones. In Kentucky, Ohio designs to get control of the market by buvine or
and Western Vermont, men grow to large size — <- - • • .. . . . ~
limestone formation beneate tne soil. Parts of
families have emigrated from Massachusetts to
limestone regions, and tbe result in the next gen-
eration, hag been a larger bone development in
those who left Massachusetts than in those who
remained. Kentucky, Ohio and Iowa will grow
great men. The finest figures in tbe world will
be found in the valley of the Mississippi in a few
generations. -In-door labor, so unnatural for
men, will weaken the vital powers and stop the
growth in large cities, but the great and glorious
West, with its broad prairies, will compensate for
tbe growing feebleness of the Eastern States.
Coring Bacon.—As soon as the bacon is cut
from tbe carcass it should have a covering of salt,
dried and rolled to a fine powder, well rubbed w tb
the band to every part, using tbe finger to fill
every hole and joint, as it is most important that
tbe meat should take the salt while quite fresh.
In twelve hours all the brine and salt not absorb-
ed should be scraped off tbe bacon and removed
from the vessel, and dry salt added again, as much
as needed to cover it, as before, and well rubbed
in. This process should be repeated every twelve
hours for three days, when saltpetre should be
added, getting off previously all tbe damp salt ana
brine as before, and applying tbe saltpetre as tbe
commen"Balt, adding a handful of the latter. A . . .
quarter of a pound of saltpetre to a side-of bacon bis blessing, was universally deman-
The Gbeat Astbonomioal Problem.—The im-
portant problem of determining tbe distance of
the'sun from the earth has occupied tije atten-
tion of some of the most eminent astronomers for
the last three centuries. This distance is deduced
from the solar parallax, tbe angle of which is so
extremely small as to be difficult of accurate
measurement. From observations of the parallax
Of Mars, Cassini estimated that of the sun to be
ten seconds—-a value which, for a long time, was
generally adopted The most accurate method of
determination, however, is deemed to be tbe first
suggested by Gregory, in his Optica Promata,
published in 1063, viz., by observations of the
transits of Venus over the solar disc. The same
plan was subsequently recommended by Dr. Hal
ley, though nearly a century elapsed before an Op-
portunity offered for its application. The tran-
sits of 1761 and 1769 were carefully observed in
different parts of the world, aud from a thorough
discussion of those observations, it has been con
eluded that the parallax of the gun, at its mean
distance from the earth* is eight seconds and 57
lOOihs. The corresponding distance is rather
more than ninety five millions of miles, or al
24,00!) tildes the earth's equitorial radius
Death of Fathkb Mathkw.—K<jv. Mathew died
at Cork, on the 9th ult. He was befrn at Thomas-
town, Ireland, in 1790, and at the tge of 24 years
was ordained at Dublin, immediately commencing'
his labors amone the Irish poor, residing for some
time at Cork. The pictures of liisery produced
by drunkenness constantly presented to his sight
one great cause ol Ireland's woes, &nd heat length
determined to make the pledge of total abstinence
from all intoxicating drinks the lever with which
to raise his degraded countrymen.'
He commen ed holding meeting^ at Cork, and
hundreds of hardened drunkards /enrolled them-
selves under tbe banners of total abstinence. He
soon became an object' of veneration to the ex-
citable people, and the pledge received from big
bauds became of almost sacramental virtue. He
visited every considerable town in Ireland, and bis
fame was such that tens of thousands welcomed
him; tbe authorities paid him honor, and tbe
ded. ItTs said that at Nenagh he administered
the pledge to 20,000 persons in one day; at Gal way
200,OOO received it in two days; and between Gal--
way and Loughrea, and on the road to Portumna, company saved in one year by makit
between 180*000 and 200,000 persons vowed to Mcessary to supply the annual
uo more of the intoxicating cup,
queiitly visited England, and bis tourin"tffe Ui
Slates is remembered by all. He was received
with open arms by bis countrymen, who flocked
to him for his blessing and tbe pledge. He was
welcomed and encouraged by the friends of tem-
perance everywhere, aud his journey was a series
of ovations. He returned to Ireland in 1861, and
has since been in quite poor health. His bent
lent < xertions had reduced himself to poverty,
as a tribute to his worth, the British goverun
settled an annuity upon him of £800. At
timeFather Mathew entered
Time Sales mt Produce.
An important principle has been decided by tbe
Superior Court of New York City, in the oase of
Canard v. Hinman, an issue growing out of the
sale on time of a lot of pork.
The first point raised on demurier was,
where a contract is made for the delivery of g
at a future day, and it is not the intention i
parties actually to perform it, but
differences on the one side or on the 1
cording UMbe *tgute&Qf tbi
is a, wager, and therefore void, and so,
man decided.
! second point raised was, that where one of
contracting to buy ail that the market
so as to fix upon the commodity purchased
exorbitant price, and makes tbe contract in ;
suance of such'design, such contract is '
being against public policy and in Tiok.
the old common law against engrossing.
Hoffman held that there is no law now
prohibiting tbe making of such contrat_
therefore that this defence was insufficient.
Thig decision places contracts in pri
wher ■ differences are only understood to
fulfilment of tbe contract, upon the same
as contracts in stocks, and declares them t
the pale of law.
Freedom in Education.—Wá are not t „
to learn from the following extract from tbs'Paria
correspondence of the N, Y. Journal of Comm
that the disfranchisement of the French clergy
regard to education, has resulted In the signal
success of the free schools compared with the State
schools. " The Voltairean Journal," says the
respondent, " complains that in Frauoe,
Bchools established by tbe religions congrega
the
obtain more pupils than the lyoeum belonging to
the University. The clergy asked only freedom ,
and equality m public education, and tnis having
been granted—it íb seen that tbe middle as well as .
tbe higher classes oonflde to them their children
preference. Now, however, the merely lav Inst
tutions are so inspected and regulated that tibi
Christianity and morals of the youth arc safe, at '
least in comparison with the danger when the -
University was an engine of state, and a mom
in the hands of infidel philosophers and free-ti
ing professors of the three secular Universities.
Wc iiom>.? '.hat a- <xpiii luiuitl
in the river Thames, near Loudon, wit
ons diving apparatus, which its inventora
" Submarine Siphon." It is the prod-"
French engineer previously known for «
ful contrivances. The apparatus is describ
consisting of a copper bell, in shape not unlil
.umbrella partially collapsed, fitted with plate a,
and sufficiently large to cover tbe diver to
/vaist. Beneath this is slung a saddle of "
weighing nearly one hundred and fifty poi
which serveB tbe double purpose of a oonve
seat for the diver and of sinking tbe bell in
vertical direction. On a line with the mout
the diver, and-passed through the bell, is a 1
gu.tta percha tube, about two inches" in
To the tube a flexible mouth-piece Is attached, by
which he can readily converse with those in tbe
vessel above. In the vessel a small fanning
paratus, abouwhe size of an ordinary si] '
mill, supplies tbe diver with air at tbe
pressure, no matter at what depth be may!
,
Bailroai Masías Taxis own Iaoa.—The Ns
York Central Railroad Company manufactures i
own ijnroad iron at lese cost than one-half i_
value. The average cost to railroad com-
panies is now |60 to $65 per ton, while the c
to the manufacturer is abount $80 per ton. '
cost of the Centra'. Railroad Company's 1
works, all complete, including 1660 acres of la
containing their ore, was $146,600. This 1
K £¡ü
of tbe road.
icen I obtained?^
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Stuart, Hamilton & Brown, John Henry. Civilian and Gazette. Weekly. (Galveston, Tex.), Vol. 19, No. 42, Ed. 1 Tuesday, January 13, 1857, newspaper, January 13, 1857; Galveston, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth177346/m1/1/: accessed May 6, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History.