Legacies: A History Journal for Dallas and North Central Texas, Volume 9, Number 1, Spring, 1997 Page: 27
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York Times reported that same year that some said
"a Klan endorsement of any candidate now anywhere
in Texas . . . would mean certain defeat."57
As late as 1929 the Klan in Dallas was able to
maintain a full-time office near Fair Park, but its
hey-day was over. The Dallas Morning News
could boast of having fought the Klan-as it
would continue to do for many years-without
fear of further reprisal.
'Sam Acheson, 35,000 Days in Texas (New York: The Macmillan
Company, 1938), 308.
'Charles T. Crowell, "Journalism in Texas," American Mercury 7
(April 1926): 475. George Bannerman Dealey, the general manager, was
determined to protect the integrity of his staff. Because Dealey did not
want his employees compromised by outside debts, he told a new
reporter that if he needed a loan, he should get the money from the
newspaper's cashier. The terms were simple: the reporter was to pay
back the loan whenever he could, without interest and with only an
I.O.U. as security. Ibid.
3A wealth of material exists about the Ku Klux Klan, and a fair
amount about the Klan in Dallas. Works that are especially relevant for
background information about the Klan in general and the Klan in
Dallas are Charles C. Alexander, The Ku Klux Klan in the Southwest
(Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky Press, 1965); Kenneth T.
Jackson, The Ku Klux Klan in the City, 1915-1930 (New York: Oxford
University Press 1967); Darwin Payne, Big D. Triumphs and Troubles
of an American Supercity in the 20th Century (Dallas: Three Forks
Press, 1994); and Patricia Evridge Hill, Dallas The Making of a
Modern City (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1996). Also useful is
Lois E. Torrence, "The Ku Klux Klan in Dallas (1915-1928): An
American Paradox (M.A. Thesis, Southern Methodist University, 1948).
4The figure of 13,000 was estimated by Z. E. Marvin, former grand
dragon of the Dallas Klan, and is cited in Alexander, The Ku Klux Klan
in the Southwest, 28. The one-out-of-three estimate is made as follows:
Some 24,000 of Dallas's 160,000 population were African Americans;
another 8,000 were foreign-born immigrants; 80,000 were women (eligible
only to join the women's auxiliary); and probably another 16,000
were juveniles. Subtracting these groups leaves an available membership
pool of just over 30,000. The newspaper that served as the unofficial
organ of the Klan, the Texas 100 Per Cent American, stated in its
October 24, 1924, issue that there were more than 35,000 Klan members
in all of Dallas County, a figure surely exaggerated but one which
makes Marvin's estimate seem reasonable in comparison.
'Leading Dallas Klansmen are identified on an oversized broadside
entitled "Names of Members of Ku Klux Klan" in the collections of the
Dallas Historical Society (A42166). Members of the Dallas Chamber of
Commerce are listed in issues of Dallas Magazine, the chamber's official
publication.
6A speech by George Bannerman Dealey, quoted in Acheson, 35,000
Days in Texas, 279.
Ibid.
'Torrence, "The Ku Klux Klan in Dallas," 55. The list of names evidently
appeared in the May 13, 1922, edition of the Dallas Dispatch;
that issue is not available. The disparaging comment about the Dispatch
appeared in the Texas 100 Per Cent American, May 19, 1922.
'Crowell, "Journalism in Texas," 477.
'"Supplement entitled "100 Years: The Story of a Newspaper and Its
City ... 1879-1979," appearing as an insert in the May 6, 1979, issue of
the Dallas Times Herald.""Names of Members of Ku Klux Klan."
"'Fox was subsequently arrested and tried for the murder of the attorney
of Evans's opponent for the position of Imperial Wizard of the Klan.
See the Daily Times Herald, December 13-23, 1923.
3Ibid., April 2, 1921.
"Ibid., April 2 and 4, 1921.
"The Dallas Morning News, May 22, 1921.
'"Ibid., May 24, 1921.
7Alonzo Wasson typed his personal recollections in a note dated
1952. The document is in the G. B. Dealey Papers (A6667), Box 22,
Folder 182, at the Dallas Historical Society.
'These comments are summarized in Payne, Big D, 78. They
appeared in issues of The Dallas Morning News and Daily Times Herald
on May 22, 23, and 24, 1921.
"Daily Times Herald, May 24, 1921.
2'Ernest Sharpe, G. B. Dealey of the Dallas News (New York: Henry
Holt and Company, 1955), 198-99.
2Stanley Walker, "The Dallas Morning News," American Mercury
65 (December 1947): 707.
22The Dallas Morning News, March 2, 1922.
3Ibid., April 2, 1922.
24Ibid., March 29, 1922.
25Ibid., March 12, 1922.
26"Payne, Big D, 80-81; Daily Times Herald, March 7 and 8, 1922.
27Texas 100 Per Cent American, April 21, 1922; The WPA Dallas
Guide and History, edited by Maxine Holmes and Gerald D. Saxon
(n.p.: Dallas Public Library, Texas Center for the Book, University of
North Texas Press, 1992), 92.
28Sam H. Campbell to The Dallas Morning News, May 22, 1922, G.
B. Dealey Papers (A6667), Box 36, Folder 314.
29Jno. D. White to The Dallas Morning News, March 29, 1922, ibid.
30J. B. Riddle to The Dallas Morning News, August 20, 1923, ibid.
3E R. Alexander to The Dallas Morning News, March 25, 1922, ibid.
32E. D. Cavin to G. B. Dealey, July 11, 1922, ibid.
33Mrs. Worth Shanafelt to The Dallas Morning News, April 6, 1923, ibid.
"Ben Wlnfrey to G. B. Dealey, May 31, 1922, ibid.
35A. J. Harris to M. W. Florer, May 3, 1922, ibid.
"R. Clyde White to G. B. Dealey, August 5, 1922, Folder 319, ibid.
37Marvin to Dealey, April 29, 1924, ibid.
3Finty to Dealey, April 30, 1924, ibid.
3'Note by unknown executive to Dealey, [August 19, 1924], ibid.
"The Dallas Morning News, March 5, 1922.
"Ibid., March 12, 1922.
'Ibid., April 4, 1922.
4Jackson, The Ku Klux Klan in the City, 72.
"44Ibid.,
45Ibid., 73.
46Ibid., 74.
47Sharpe, G. B. Dealey, 200.
"Jeannette Peabody to G. B. Dealey, November 24, 1922, G. B.
Dealey Papers (A6667), Box 22, Folder 182.
"Ibid., November 13, 1922.
'5Ibid., November 24, 1922.
'Ibid., December 19, 1922.
52D. M. Geary to M. W. Florer, June 17, 1922, and E. M. Maphes to
The Dallas Morning News, June 21, 1921, ibid.
53Sharpe, G B Dealey, 201, and Acheson, 35,000 Days in Texas,
272-73.
5'The Dallas Morning News, October 24, 1923.
55Payne, Big D, 94-5.
56Sharpe, G. B. Dealey, 202-203.
57New York Times, February 21, 1926.27
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Dallas County Heritage Society. Legacies: A History Journal for Dallas and North Central Texas, Volume 9, Number 1, Spring, 1997, periodical, 1997; (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth35106/m1/29/: accessed April 26, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Dallas Historical Society.