The Caddo Oil and Gas Field, Louisiana and Texas Page: 18
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CADDO OIL AND GAS FIELD.
to Gordon,' consists of ferruginous and argillaceous sands with some
bituminous clays. The pyrite and glauconite (iron-bearing miner-
als) which it contains give the formation a yellow or brown color
on weathering, and where the iron is concentrated it forms a cement
that binds the sands together into a ferruginous sandstone. An
abundance of plant remains aids in differentiating the Woodbine
sand from the overlying marls of the Upper Cretaceous.
In the Caddo field the Woodbine sand is represented by a part,
but not all, of the interbedded and interlaminated sands, clays, and
shales that underlie the " sandrock " (1,800-foot sand, second gas sand)
of the well drillers. It is not possible from well logs to determine the
upper or lower limits of the formation, and it differs in character
from the Woodbine sand of northeastern Texas by being more argil-
laceous, though it contains many thin beds of sand or sandstone.
EAGLE FORD CLAY.
Above the Woodbine sand are dark colored clays that contain
some thin lenses of sand and earthy limestone, and above the clays
is a sand or sandstone containing thin lenses of clay. This succes-
sion of beds is collectively known as the Eagle Ford clay, the sand
and sandstone in the upper part being known as the Blossom sand
member of the Eagle Ford clay.
Lower part of formation.-An examination of well logs in the
Caddo field shows that the lower part of the Eagle Ford clay is com-
posed of layers of varying character, described by drillers as shale
and gumbo. Probably the variation depends on the hardness and
plasticity, the harder layers being, regarded as shale, whereas the
soft plastic clays are called gumbo. The shale predominates and
occurs in thick beds, separated by thinner layers of gumbo. Scat-
tered throughout the beds are lenses of sand or soft sandstone, rang-
ing from a few inches to more than 20 feet, but in few places exceed-
ing 5 feet in thickness. The logs do not supply detailed descriptions
of the lithology of the material, and it has not been possible to sepa-
rate the Eagle Ford clay from the underlying Woodbine sand,
though, as one is called a clay and the other a sand, they might
reasonably be expected to be very unlike.
Blossom sand member.-At the top of the Eagle Ford clay there
is a well-defined series of arenaceous beds which was called "sub-
Clarksville " by Veatch 2 and Blossom sand member by Gordon.3
In this report the name Blossom sand member will be used for the
1 Gordon, C. H., Geology and underground waters of northeastern Texas : U. S. Geol.
Survey Water-supply Paper 276, p. 16, 1911.
2 veatch, A. C., Geology and underground water resources of northern Louisiana and
southern Arkansas : U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 46, p. 25, 1906.
3 Gordon, C. II., op. cit., pp. 19-21.18
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Matson, George Charlton. The Caddo Oil and Gas Field, Louisiana and Texas, report, 1916; Washington D.C.. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1065591/m1/20/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.