Enrollment in Texas Public Schools: 2018-2019 Page: 22
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Enrollment for Instructional Programs and Special
Populations
Texas public schools offer instructional programs designed to meet students' needs. Not all students
are enrolled in one of these programs, and some students are enrolled in more than one. Gifted and tal-
ented programs offer eligible students a continuum of learning experiences that leads to advanced accom-
plishments. Special education offers instructional and related services for eligible students with cognitive,
physical, and/or emotional disabilities who meet the criteria under the Individuals with Disabilities Edu-
cation Act (IDEA) (Title 20 of the United States Code [U.S.C.] 1400, 2019; Title 34 of the Code of Fed-
eral Regulations [C.F.R.], Part 300, 2019). Students with disabilities who do not meet the IDEA criteria,
may qualify to receive educational accommodations or services under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation
Act of 1973, as amended (29 U.S.C. 794, 2019; 34 C.F.R. Part 104, 2019). Students identified as English
learners (ELs), who do not speak English as their primary language and have a limited ability to read,
speak, write, or understand English, may participate in bilingual or English as a second language (ESL)
programs. There are four state-approved bilingual instructional program models and two state-approved
ESL instructional program models that districts can implement (Title 19 of the Texas Administrative
Code [TAC] 89.1210, 2019, amended to be effective July 15, 2018).
Students in Grades 6-12 can participate in career and technical education (CTE) courses. In addition,
students in Grades 9-12 can participate in CTE programs or courses of study that include coherent se-
quences of CTE courses. These courses offer training and instruction designed to help students gain
employment in high-skill, high-wage jobs and advance to postsecondary education. In 2013, the Texas
Legislature established the Foundation High School Program (FHSP) as the new high school graduation
program for all students who entered Grade 9 in the 2014-15 school year or later (Texas Education -
Code [TEC] 28.025, 2013). The FHSP allows students to earn special recognition, known as an endorse-
ment, in one or more fields of study, such as business and industry or arts and humanities (TAC 74.13,
2019, amended to be effective August 27, 2018; TEC 28.025, 2018). Of the five endorsements available,
three have requirements that include taking a coherent sequence of CTE courses.
Title I is the largest federal aid program for elementary and secondary schools. The goal of Title I is
to improve teaching and learning for students attending schools with high percentages of economically
disadvantaged students, particularly those students most at risk of not meeting the state's academic
achievement standards. Students counted as participating in Title I programs may be participating in
Title I-funded programs, or they may be enrolled in campuses that receive school-wide Title I assistance.
Students identified as at risk of dropping out of school are under age 26 and meet one or more speci-
fied criteria, including not advancing from one grade level to the next for one or more school years, being
pregnant or a parent, or being a student of limited English proficiency. Students with dyslexia are identi-
fied as having dyslexia or a related disorder under TEC 38.003. Students identified as in foster care are
currently under the conservatorship of the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services. Students
identified as homeless are those who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence. Students
identified as immigrants are between 3 and 21 years old, have not been attending school in the United
States for more than three full academic years, and were not born in any state in the United States, Puerto
Rico, or the District of Columbia. U.S. citizenship is not a factor when identifying students as immigrants
for the purpose of public school enrollment data collection. A student identified as a migrant is one who:
(a) is aged 3 through 21; (b) is (or whose parent, spouse, or guardian is) a migratory agricultural worker;
and (c) in the preceding 36 months, to obtain temporary employment in agriculture or fishing, or to ac-
company a parent, spouse, or guardian to obtain such employment: (1) has moved from one school district
to another; or (2) resides in a school district of more than 15,000 square miles and migrates a distance of
20 miles or more to a temporary residence to engage in a fishing activity. A student identified as military-Enrollment in Texas Public Schools, 2018-19
22
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Texas Education Agency. Division of Research and Analysis. Enrollment in Texas Public Schools: 2018-2019, report, July 2019; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1364787/m1/34/: accessed July 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.