The Brownsville Herald (Brownsville, Tex.), Vol. 30, No. 62, Ed. 1 Monday, September 3, 1923 Page: 1 of 6
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BROWNSVILLE’S THIRD TRADES DAY-TUESDAY SEPTEMBER 4
| Pumping Machinery
1H to 16 h. p. Fairbanks Morse
and Kreuger Alias Oil Engines
in stock. Centrifugal Punipa.
W. H. Putegnat Co S
- - - ^ Today*s News in Today*s Paper
•._
VOL XXX. No. 62 . BROWNSVILLE TEXAS. MONDAY EVENING SEPTEMBER 3 1923. SIX PAGES TODAY ESTABLISHED 1893
—~—------■-——---—--------—__________ _ __ I .
MOST OF VALLEY
TEACKERS HERE
FOR INSTITUTE
First Sessions Held This
Morning and Work of in-
stitute Gets Under Way
With Smoothness.
The Rio Grande Vail y Tri-County
Teachers' Inst.tute got underway this
morning with more than too tcaclur*
in attendance. Every train arriving in
Brownsville yesterday and this morn-
ing was crowded with teachers but
very little difficulty was experienced
in assigning the teachers to lodging
places. A special committee assisted
by Brownsville citiz* ns who donated
the use of th*it cars nut all tra n
and assisted the teach* rs in finding
rooms.
The vork of the institute got under
way at 8 o’clock this morning when
the r'gistration of teacher* In gun. \s
everything had been prepared ?l ■ work
went off with remarkable sin* * Mu »• •*.
and there w-.s 1 ttle delay. The first
session of the institute was held at 1*
o’clock this morning when the fir*t
general session was called. Must of the
• time was tnk< n up with making th
necessary announcements nnd com-
pleting the organizat or detail*. The
sectional meetings begun immediate ly
aft«r the general meeting and continue
throughout the day.
J. W. Cantweii. superint ndent of
Wichita Falls high school who w !! di-
rect the institute and also lead th*
high school division and J. F. Peeler
intermediate director of the Houston
schools who will have charge of the in-
termediate division .arrived he*e Sun-
day. Miss Amanda Stoltzfu . director
of the rural school department arrivtd
I enrly last week.
Practicallv all the t'nchers in the
three counties reached Brownsvilb
( time to register this morning but a
few of the ’ate comers rrrived on th
noon train to begin work with th< af-
ternoon session. There will te a f< w
teachers who can not arr v until to-
morrow. A number of the teacher*
from towns near Brownsville are mo-
toring here for each day’s -es-ior.*. re-
turning in the aft* rnoen.
Ladies of the different churrh*-* of
the town are s< rving luncheon a* th*
high school building for the conven-
ience of teachers who do not w *h t »
go down town during the noon hour.
Light lunches will he setved e* nominal
prices. The Iadi*s from each of th*
churches will take turns in providing
lunch each day of the institute.
t Plans for the entertainrn* nt of teach-
ers while they are in Brownsvilb have-
not been completed but it is thought
some spec al entertainment featur* *
will announced later in the week.
STATE WILL SECURE
1 FOUR PER CENT ON
ALL STATE FUNDS
) —
i Hy The A ssorinti‘il l*rr-s •
AT'STIN. Texas. Sept. K<»ur per
. cent was set as the rate of interest on
* the state funds placed iti the dcpositan
hanks by the state rate inn).ins hoard
today. This rate will prevail dicing the
» next fiscal year and is tin- same a' was
** fixed for the past six months.
. 4 Approximately JM.tMXUNNl of stale
t funds is now deposited in the hank'
I the state and the state re rives antmalh
t approximately .<.'.11414*.I sat in interest on
’ it« various funds.
SON OF TOBACCO
KING IS DROWNED
» --—
4 T’y The Associated I’re-- *
GREEN WICK. Conn.. Sef t. :j. A. H
Duke son of Benjamin Duk . the f.-i-
* mnuH tobacco manufacturer was drown-
ed hire today wh n a small boat w:.
capsized throwing h tn into tin* liver.
a
VALLEY WINS VICTORY IN
THEFREIGHTDIFFERENTIAL
FIGHT. FULL6RIGHT SAYS
Confirming the Associated Pres* dispatch of Saturday to the
Brownsville Herald reporting the Valley’s victory in the application
for reduction or removal of the freight differential against the Val*
ley. Secretary O. S. V. Ross of the Rio Grande Valley Inc. today
'phoned the Herald the following telegram received by bim from
R. C. hullbright who was the Valley's attorney in the case:
Houston Texas September 2 1923.
O. S. V. Ross Secretary
San Juan Texas.
Interstate Commerce Commission announced its decision on dif-
ferential case yesterday sustaining Warner-Mackly report with one
slight exception name’y that the scale of differential on class traffic
should extend downward from 25 cents first class instead of 22 cents.
Think this a big victory. Congratulations.
(Signed) R. C. Ful'bright.
DISTRICT COURT
RECESSES TODAY;
TO OPEN TUESDAY
•
The fall term of the criminal dis-
trict court b* gun today with district
judgi Cunningham on thi I«r.ch. The
! docket for this term is unusually large.
• ard it s probable that an extra s»>s-
s on of two witks will be called at the
close of the ngulir ■; + k term.
The docket includes 17 divorce eases
in addition to the criminal cases
some of which are of unusual inti rest
There are seven eases transferred to
thos ecurt on a change of venue from
Nurcts county growing out of the well
known Roberts murder ca-e at Corpus
Christ!. Frank Robertson. Lee I’etzel.
Joe Acebo and Cl've Goff being triid
for conspiracy to murder.
Nothing in the way of business was
attempted tod y the court simply or-
ginizing and th<n r cessing in obser-
vance of Labor Day. The grand jury
was also impanelled but was also re-
leased unt 1 Tuesday.
The work of organization and com-
pleting the docket will be finished
Tu* sday. r.-d thi court will begin work
intim diately.
DEPUTY SHERIFFS
MAKE LIQUOR RAID
Fourteen quarts of liquor w> re seiz-
ed. and Refugio Genzal* s was arrested
Saturday night by Deputy Sheriffs J.
II. Collins and Monahan when a house
of Harlingen was raided. Th rteen
quarts ur th” haul consisted of fine
bonded tequila and on quart of extra
fancy cognac was in the lot.
[ Gonzales will be bound over to the
grand jury on charge of violating the
| Dean act.
I
' Official Weather Reports
’
Brownsville and vicinity: Partly
cloudy tonight and Tuesday: light
to 'moderate southerly winds.
Local Weather Data.
Barometer 7 p. m yesterday .... MM.Ss;
Barometer 7 a. 111. today . 2M.M7
Temperature hifc’oest yesterday .. Ml.
Temperature 2 p. m. yesterday .. Ml.
Temperattire I p. m. yesterday ... Ml.
Temperature 7 p. hi. yesterday ... HI
Temperature lowest Iasi night ... 77.
Tempetature 7 a. m. today . 7v
Tein|»eraiure In a in. toda\ .HIIL
Temperature 12."Ml t-day . Ml.
Humidity 7 p. m. yesterday <p ’• *•*»•
I Humidity 7 a. m. t inlay I pet t .... Ml.
Humidity 12:"H today I pi t i .4d.
1‘reeipitntioii 7 p. in. yesterday .. mill
I’reoipitatioti 7 a. ui. today . otMi
J Total rainfall this month . ooo
Wind • diree. »V ve|.» 7 p. m.SK 12
Wind I diree. *V vel. i 7 a. in. ... S -2
Weather 7 p. in. yesterday . elear
j Weather 7 a. in. today .elear
Sim sets today . 0:4*
Sun rises !• morrow . t!:ll
; Charges Villa Burned
200 Captives to Death
fWv Th< As'ociatfd Press)
MKXiro city. sept :: The shoot-
ing and burning alive of 'Jini prisoners
by the late bandit leader l'rtint is- o Villa
in Chihuahua after the battle of Sati
Andrea tie u Sierra on Sept. ti. 1 f»I:is
related in a letter front one of the sur-
vivors pubislietl b\ lixeelsi r.
The -jotI were about equally divide I
between wounded and uninjured a eord-(
in'*' t«» the storv. anti mam of them still
alive after failing before the fire of the
execution squads were thrown scream-
ing ell the great pyre of oil-soaked tim-
ber which had been prepared uud set
ablaze.
Among other \cdiii»s were several wo-
men ramp followers with their children
who had dared to si Team curses at \ ilia
for sjjri ifii ing their men.
The story of this survivor <f lienernl
Felix Terrain's forces is initialled hy
other mice lutes of the fate meted nut
t » Villistas captured hy the federal*
one of uliieh narrates how tin re Ilian a
s.-ore of bandits were hound and thrown
into a df” well there to perish miserably
of stff«> at ion after debris had been
tumbled tl< wu the well to silence their
cries.
POSTPONE TRIAL
Of DR. COOK OF
NORTH POLE FAME
FORT WORTH. T. ms. Sept. :i. The!
trial of Dr. Ficderick Conk the Arctic
explorer indicted in federal court Inr.'j
on mail order fraud charges. h:*s been j
postponed until Octobt r. Th case had
been set for today but both sides con-
sented to the delay.
CONCRETE 1$ LAID
GN SOUTH END AS
FAR AS BARREDA
The com*ret * highway on the Browns-
ville < ml has b< en completed as far as
Hsrredo. and the crew is today moving
machines to the < nd of the concrete
toad out of San Benito. The crow will
begin work Tuesday or Wednesday lay-
ing the concrete from the end of th*
San Benito pavement back to Barreda.
This gap is only about 2 and one-third
mi lev nnd as soon as this is complet'd
both mar hi ms will be put to work f n-
ishmg ui» tb La K« ria-llarlingeii sec-
tion.
Th* pavement from the point where
.he detour branches out at Olm to to
the Barreda end w.l! be (Opened in
about a month it is stat'd as the en-
g neers must wait until the entire
str-tch is ready for traffic there being
no laterals to use as detours.
A new dt tour has been opened ex-
tending from the end of the opened
highway east to the Iowa Oar dens road
and thence to the point where the Iowa
(iaidin.s road connects with th<* con-
crete near the San Benito drainage
ditch. The n«v chtour is net very sat-
i factory and autoistfl are adv sed to
take ih detour at Olmito. following the
road which passes the Los Frcsmos
pump. This detour is in excellent con- j
ilition.
EXPLOSION KILLS 2K
(By The Associated Press.)
SYDNEY. N. S.. S pt. 2. -Twenty-eight
nv n w* r killed Sunday .n nn explosion
;• the Bell Bird coll erv in New South
Wales. Fifteen todies hav* Keen re-
cover' d.
DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS
WITH MEXICO FORMALLY
RESUMED ATNOON TODAY
UMPIRE FORFEITS
D 0 N N A-HARLINGEN
GAME TO HARLINGEN
—
HARLINC.KN Texas. Sept. 3. liar- I
lingen won a forfeited game from tip
Donna tram at Donna yesterday: The
forfeit cmne right after th« first in-
ti tig. Moore catcher fer Donna got
t.to ati argument ov« r a strike that was
called while < larke Harlingen short- j
stop was at bat and the umpire older- <
<>d him off the field. Moore refused to
go off the fi< Id and the umpire ordered
that the game he forf* ited by Donna
.o Hurflingen. for arguing with the uni-
p re. The batt* ries f« r Harlingen were
And* rson and Dorter .and for Donna
(’ole and Moor*. Harlingen will tangle i
up with the strong San B* nito team i
today at Harlingen.
AMERICAN DESTROYER
j LEAVES FOR JAP PORT
I It; Tin- AsM>eint«l Pre ss.)
PEKING. < tuna. Sept. 8. An Ami r-
ran ilcstraji r le ft Chefoo ye terday
for Yokohama with provision* anil
medical supplies for the survivors of
the earthquake and fire disaster. Oth-
er craft will follow as fast as supplies
can he* loaded.
W ASHINGTON l> <*.. Sept 3.- AJ- !
miial Anelc rson command ng the Am- •
*-rienn Asiatic fleet reported to the
naval department by wireless today
that seven American *lo troyers hn*l
left Port Arthur for Japanese ports to
assist in relief work. Six of the de-
stroy) rs which an be ing sc*nt to Japan-
ese water* on orders from Washington
will reach Yokohama \V)-<lne -day. The
| seventh se- t to Nagasaka will reach
the re tomorrow.
A '*•>•.nd in*'sage* from Admiral An-
derson sjiiil that other elestmyer* were
■ being at various places as ra«li«> re lay
1 ; hip* in an attempt to reopen ***»m-
iiiuni)iilioii with Japan. All destroyer*
are carrying ni«**lienl supplies ami fnoel.
The admiral rep* rted that lie had also
offered the Japanese minister of marines
the* entire Asiatic fleet for slie'll use ns I
... make' it in relief work.
In the se 'oitel message the fl**et com*
niamler siiiil that r*q»«»rfs reaching him
indicated that Y okohama anil Tokio had
hei'ti devnsfate'd by till* e'lirthepurk*' ty-
phoon. tidal wave ami fire.
THREE KILLED BY
MYSTERIOUS BLAST
AT RANGER TEXAS
(|tv The Associated Press.)
ILWGKIt. Texas. Sept. M diaries
l.ieher. J'_\ diaries Phipps. diaries
< fr if fit la. “_*1. were killed and .1 «-f f 1‘otter
was seriously injured in au explosion «>f
undetermined origin at the Hansford
wagon yards off main street here today.
WASHINGTON. Sept. 3. Formali-
ties marking the resumption of di'd.t-
matii- relations lotw-eti the I’niled Slot's
and Me\i o occurred in t • »tli Washington
and M» xiro t'itx a* noon today w!cu
letters of credence were presented hjr
elnirge d'affaires in the respective capi-
tals.
An announcement to this effect was
mu li\ Acting Se ret ary Itid'ips. of the
state department tonight in the follow-
ing statement;
“Mr. George T. Summerlin formally
pr* ••tiled !i letter of credence a - charge
d'affaires to the minister of foreign af-
fairs < f Mexico at noon und Senor
Manuel tTellez in like manner pre-
sented his redentials as charge d'af-
f tires to the acting secretary of state on
the hoar. These formalities mark the
resumption of formal diplomatie rela-
tions between the I'niled Slates und
Mexico.”
JAPANESE SUPPRESS
LOOTING THRUOUT
DISASTER DISTRICT
(Bv Th<' Associated Press)
SAN FRANCISCO. S.pt. 3. Sx
Koreans wi re hot to death by soldiers
making martial law effective in the d« -
vast a ted region of Tokio according to
a wirele; message received today from
Tnmioka by the Radio Corporat on of
Ann rica.
The message said that the relief work
was underway and that provisions were
being supplied refugees from Tok o
from th* central station which was un-
damaged.
The message also sa d that the build-
ings occupied by the French embassy
and the Italian Legation were destroy-
ed by the fir<- which was start'd bv the
earth shocks.
..• *■ • .. -.—»
INTERNATIONAL COURT
PLAN WILL BE GIVEN
SUPPORT BY VETERANS
fltv Tile Associated Press.I
P’srSKI.S.S Sept. .T The program
which I lie American delegates will pre-
sent at lire f« urfli congress of the In-
ternational Fmleration of War Veterans
which i- in session here was made pub-
lic today. The delegates will advoeate
support <>f the intermitional court of jus-
ti e and niodifieatinii of internati* rial
law.
OFFICIALS OF STATE
OBSERVE LABOR DAY
AUSTIN Texas. St pt. 3. State ac-
tivities ceased today and officials (rave
attention to Labor I>ay ceremonies
planned by the Austin labor bodies.
All state offices and hus'ness houses
w< t' dost«!. Labor Day activities open
ed today with a parade including all
unions.
Over Hundred Thousand Die in
Greatest Disaster of the Century
(By The Associated Press)
Osaka Sept. 3—The Minister of Marines today estimated the
fatal ities from the earthquake and fire in Tokio alone at 150000.
—
OSAKA Sept. 3—Lieutenant '-.l.ida who flew over Tokio and
the stricken district yesterday reported to the commander of the
Nagoya division that the Imperial palace was only partially damaged.
Nearly all concrete and brick buildings have collapsed and the
f-ukagara ward was flooded by a tidal wave. The Imperial Palace has
been thrown open to the refugees.
The latest estimate of the casualties in Yokohama alone exceeds
100000. Reports from Yokohama say that the damage to buildings
in foreign settlements has been particularly serious. The Specie
bank and the Grand Hotel have been demolished.
| _
NAGASKI Sept. 3—The city of Tokio was still burning accord-
ing to advices received here this morning. The offices of the Bank
of Japan are reported to have been demolished yesterday. A wireless
message received here through the steamer Korea Manru states that
all lighthouses in the bay of Tokio have been rendered useless and
that navigation is consequently dangerous during the hours of darkness.
SHANGHAI Sept. 3—With the remnants of Tokio’s stricken
population reported to be still escaping from certain wards of the
city the fires continued to rage at 1 o’clock this morning according
to a telegram from the police at Osaka.
Prince Yamashina and the Princess Kaya who were injured at
Kamakura are reported dead.
Another earthquake yesterday shook the Aknto district center-
ing in Yokosuka a city of 70000. The telephone exchange at Cho*
jamanchi was destroyed and forty operators killed.
—■ ' - m
SAN FRANCISCO Sept. 3—Many injured and homeless Europe-
ans were taken aboard the passenger steamer Dongola at Yokohama
today radio message to the Radio Corporation of America from the
Tamioka wireless station said. The Dongola is owned by a London
firm. #
SHANGHAI Sej»t. 3.—The earth tip-
lieavnl wlii< b struck Knguguchi in the
Tokio prefecture yestenl destroyed
five hundred houses mid damaged fifteen
hundred more. Thirty-nine warships
which have been loaded with stores at
t >*aka and Kobe will sail for the scene
of destruction as scon a» possible.
SAN FRANCISCO. Calif. Sept. 3.—
While flames roared ami buildings toppled
in the heart of Tokio yesterday leaders
in stafe craft assemble! in the Naval
Clnli to form a cabinet to su eeed that
»>f the late Premier Katt. Idspatches
describing this received today by the
Radio Corporation of Ameri a report
that the Naval Club collapsed and was
destroyed by fire during the meeting.
No mention was made of casualties
hut. another wireless message told of
tiie formation of the cabinet ami gave the
names of its members.
FLORENCE. Italy Sept. 3.—Seismic
instruments here recorded anothtr
strong though distant earthquake
wh ch was register* d at 1:30 this after-
r oon.
■
SAN* KRANVISm Sept. .1—Tokio1
Yokohama and neighboring cities nre ly-
ing in ruins while more than ltMl.tNMI
person^ in the vicinity of these titics
were reported dead as a result of Sat-
urday’s earthquakes a cording to ad-
vices received in San Francisco by the
Associated 1 ’res. from its Shunghui cor-
respondent and by the -Hadio •corpora-I
tioti from its station at Tatnioka.
heath and destruction were aprend
over an area within a radius of oO miles
of Tokio.
1 low* extensive carnalities and the ma-
terial damage outside that Z'ne is has
not been determined as all communica-
tions with Japan are still interrupted
except from Totninka and occasional dis-
patches from Japan to Shanghai.
The Tomioka wireless station re-
ported the wire communication through-
out Japan as demoralized. The o*ly
communication with the devastated re-
gion. it is said is by radio.
The best available reports said hardly !
a structure was left standing in the
Yamanote district which in hides the
Tokio wards of llonjn Fukngawa.
Aku-aka Shitaya Nip* nhashi and
Kanda.
Thousands are without fond and water
and no means of getting any are present.
In Yokohama the fire started in the
Huiid or foreign section spreading
rapidly to the business district which
was wiped out.
Tens of thousands of g\iests at re-
sorts in the llakonc district near Yo-
kohama in the mountains were driven
from their quarters by quakes and fires.
They were panic-stricken. The number
of casualties is undetermined. The town
of Atama was demolished six or seven
thousand persons being killed.
At Ito. on the Idzti peninsula more
than .H10 houses w*‘re washed away by
tidal waves. Six hundred persona are
reported to have perished when a rail-
way tunnel at Sasake collapsed.
The city of Nagoya is virtually de-
stroyed. The Japanese naval station
near Yokohama was engulfed by u tidal
wave and tlie imperial pala< e at Tokio
is endangered by I h^ fire. Nagoya lins
a population of lUO.INffl. ]t is about
ninety miles east of Osaka nnu about
70 miles west of Tokio. New ear*h
tremors were reported by various
seismographs. The Manila observatory
seismograph recorded shocks today at
8 a. iu. and 10 a. m. The shocks were I
violent hut could not be definitely lo-
cated. The Saturday shock which de-
vastated Tokio and environs was the
greatest the Manila seismograph has re-
corded in thirty years according to
Father Serra geologist in charge.
The wards of Kokotigikwan and Honjo
were destroyed. There was a large arapi-
theater at Kokugiwan where wrestling
matches weer held. It is estimated 1400
houses were destroyed in Yokohama.
Immediately after the earthquake fire
hr- ke out in Tokio in about twenty
plates sitnuitaeoiisly and spread over
the wards of Honjo. Fukag'uwa. Asakuaa
Nihonbashi. Fsbigome Akasaka. Koji-
i ma<*hi and Shiba. There is a safety zone
in parts of the wards of I’shigonie
Koisliikawa Y’olusuya Asuba Ib iigo and
north of there.
Reports indicateil the marine corps
station at ^okosuha lias been annihi-
lated and ships there are stranded. Yo*
kosuba is a town of 70.000 and had uu-
meroiis government buildings including
a naval engineering college torpedo
lieatlipiarters and a ship yard. It is
twelve miles south of Yokohama.
Among the buildings burned in Tokio
are the army arsenal the military acad-
I emy the Fsbigome Metropolitan police
station the Impeial theater the home
office liuildiug at the finance department
building the government printing bureau
and the Imperial university.
TI?XA8 PIONEER DIES
SHERMAN Texas Sept. 3.—John
Sadh r. aged 84 founder of the town
of Sadler in firayson county died h* re
last night. He is survived by eight
childrer.
ITALY WE NOT
TAKE DECISION
OF THE LEAGUE
I (By The Associated Tress.
| ITALY WILL- 2..
ATHENS Greece. Sept. 3.—The Ital-
| 'an government through its ambassa-
dor here. ha3 served notice on Greece
that Italy w.l! refuse to recognise
whatever decision the League of Na-
tions makes in the present Greco-Itsl-
ian crisis. Unconfirmed reports re-
ceived here yesterday said that the
Italians had occupied the islands of Sa-
mos and Cephalonia in reply to the pro-
test of the inter-allied council of am-
bassadors.
The Greek premier says his govern-
m< nt is prepared to pay such repara-
tions as an international conference in-
quiry might seem equitable.
V olent demonstrations against Italy
took place today after funeral services
had been held for the victims of the
Corfu bombardment.
They burned the Italian flag and at-
tacked the Italian legation.
LONDON. Sept. 3.—Great Britain
will go to the limit in supporting the
covenant of the League of Nations in
the Greeco-Italian Imbroglio which
started today. Lord Robert Cecil has
been instructed to support the cove-
nant unreservedly and the British hope
is centered on his ability and experien-
ce in the League affairs.
LONDON September 3.—A Reuters
dispatch today says that it understands
that the Italian government has in-
structed its representative to the Lea-
gue of Nations to abstain from further
discussions of the Greeco-Italian dis-
pute.
CUBAN IS ELECTED
PRESIDENT OF THE
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
GENEVA Sept. 3—Doctor de la Tor-
riento of Cuba was today elected pres-
ident of the assembly of the League
of Nations.
SOMERVELL COUNTY
OFFICIALS GIVEN
HEARING AT WACO
WACO. Texas September .1—E. L.
Roark former county attorney and T.
\V. Davis sheriff cf Somervell rountry
charged with conspiracy to violate the
national prohibition law had a hearing
today before 1'nited States commissioner
.McCormick. Roth were bound over un-
til the November term of court under
$l.r.OO I oi.d each.
U.S. Recognition of Mexico
Designes to Give Friendly
Help to Neighbor Republic
(By The Associated Press.)
WASHINGTON. D. C'. Sept. 3.—Re-
cognition of the government of Pres-
ident Obregon is regaided here as in
line with the American policy stated
through successive administrations of
giving disinterested help to a friendly
country »o long as the rights of Amer-
icans are properly safeguarded. The
announced aim cf the Washington gov-
ernment has been directed consistently
to such a course although often with
difficulty because of outmge*s upon the
persons and properties of American
nationals in Mexico and of disourng-
ing international complications incident
to a condit on of revolution and civil
war running ove r more then a decade.
The questions arising under this poli-
cy have been among the most delicate
with which the United States had had
to deal and have involved military pa-
trols along the border navel and mili-
tary expeditions into Mexico embar-
goes upon th? exportation of munitions
and a succession of internat onal con-
ferences touching indirectly on the
broad question of relations with Latin-
America in ge neral.
Recently the principal quest on at is-
sue has had to do with the interpreta-
tion of Article 27 in the Mexican con-
stitution of 1917 now satisfactorily
adjusted through a defi nte understand-
ing of its retroactive features reach d
in the ifcent Mexico City conversatinos.
This question was regarded as of pri-
mary importance by the admin stration
of President Wilson and later the Har-
ding administration suggested to Mex-
ico City a treaty of amity and com-
merce as n means to a definite under-
standing. The treaty plan however
proved unsatisfactory to President Ob-
regon and in time the adjustment was
reached through conversations the Am-
erican government making clear that it
was interested in the substance rather
than the form of the accommodation.
The story of the present cycle of
American-Mcxican relations has its real
beginning in the outbreak in 1910 of
the military revolution leu by Franeia-
i co 1. Mail* ro against the long-estab-
lished regime of President Porfirio
Diaz. A policy of non-interfcronce waa
adopted by President Taft who soon
mobilized units of the regular army on
the border to guarantee neutrality and
protect American interests. Thereaf-
ter extra troops were stationed thera
in greater or less force until 1919 by
which time the general situation had
eased considerably.
mi cause or sporadic revolutionary
movements which arose almost imme-
diately upor Madera's entrance into
Mexico City and elect on to the pres-
idency. a definition of American policy
in the matter of recognition did not
develop until the early part of Pres-
ident Wilson's first term. By this
time Madero had resigned been impri-
soned and osassinated. and his chief
military officer. General Huerta who
(Continued on Pa$e Two)
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Wheeler, Fannie. The Brownsville Herald (Brownsville, Tex.), Vol. 30, No. 62, Ed. 1 Monday, September 3, 1923, newspaper, September 3, 1923; Brownsville, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1378417/m1/1/: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; .