The Texas Gulf Historical and Biographical Record, Volume 21, Number 1, November 1985 Page: 26
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26 THE TEXAS GULF HISTORICAL & BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD
ture of both things, and he who has the least vices and has committed the
least errors is the best." 13
In vain, Zavala encouraged governmental economic planning and fiscal
responsibility. Inability to accept economic self-discipline has continued to
contribute to Mexico's financial crises, economic debacles, and revolutionary
contention between those who have and those who have not.
Elected the Yucatanean delegate to the National Chamber of Deputies,
Zavala was excused from attending because of his duties as Governor of
Mexico. By special resolution on April 25, 1833, of the Congress of the State
of Mexico, Santa Anna and Zavala were decreed "meritorious citizens of
the State in the grade of hero," although differences between them were
developing.
Debate continued as to whether Texas should become a state or a ter-
ritory or remain a part of the state of Coahuila. The Mexican Constitution
had minimum population requirements for statehood which Texas was unable
to fulfill. During Austin's 1833-1834 imprisonment in Mexico where he had
gone seeking clarification of the status of Texas, Austin conferred with Santa
Anna, and possibly with Zavala, who was again President of the national
Chamber of Deputies.14 The results of his interviews were frustrating to
Austin. He was paroled December 31, 1834, and finally permitted to return
to Texas in July, 1835.
European Exile
In December of 1833, President Gomez Pedraza had named Zavala
Minister Plenipotentiary to France, but the position was not accepted. This
designation was reaffirmed by the new administration of Santa Anna and
Gomez Farias, probably induced by the motive of getting Zavala out of
Mexico. Accordingly, Zavala resigned the governorship of Mexico in order
to assume duties in France; he arrived in Paris, March 28, 1834, but was
not received by Louis Philippe until April 26, 1834. Initially the French
government had declined to deal with the Mexican representative because
France favored the Spanish, who were seeking the recovery of their former
American colonies. Zavala did meet with the king and his ministers on several
occasions, and they began preliminary negotiations for French recognition
13Raymond Estep, The Life of Lorenzo de Zavala, dissertation submitted to the University
of Texas for degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 1942, p. 271. This most comprehensive life of Zavala
has been translated into Spanish and was published in 1952 in Mexico City by Porrua.
14Clarence R. Wharton, Texas Under Many Flags, five volumes (Chicago, 1930), Vol. 1, 220.[Vol. XXI, No. I
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Texas Gulf Historical Society. The Texas Gulf Historical and Biographical Record, Volume 21, Number 1, November 1985, periodical, November 1985; Beaumont, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1433656/m1/28/: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas Gulf Historical Society.