Investigations into the Nature, Causation, and Prevention of Texas or Southern Cattle Fever Page: 84
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TEXAS OR SOUTHERN CATTLE FEVER.
Guinea-pigs.-August 27, 1892. Blood was drawn from the left ju-
gular of cow No. 222 affected with Texas fever into sterile wide-mouthed
bottles containing glass beads and defibrinated by shaking vigorously.
Three guinea-pigs were inoculated: No. 1 received into the exposed
jugular 1 cc. of defibrinated blood; No. 2 received into an ear vein &
cc.; No. 3 received into an ear vein 1 cc.
The injections were completed fifty to seventy minutes after the
blood had been drawn from No. 222. The injection into the ear vein
was a perfect success in the two cases on which it was tried. These
guinea-pigs remained entirely well. The blood was examined from time
to time both in fresh and in dried and stained preparations, but the
corpuscles were not counted, owing to the pressure of other work.
There was no evidence, however, from the microscopic examination of
any change from the normal condition or of any infection. The guinea-
pigs were watched for more than a month after the inoculation.
Strongly contrasting with the result on guinea-pigs is that obtained
with the same blood on cows. (See page 82 and Nos. 197, 200, 227,
and 228.) The largest quantity injected into the circulation of the
guinea-pigs was relatively to the body weight not less than twenty-
five times greater than the largest dose and three hundred times greater
than the smallest dose injected into the cattle. Yet all four cows con-
tracted Texas fever and three died.
Of other observers who have tried to produce Texas fever in other
animals we find Paquin (9, p. 46) making the\ following statement:
" We have succeeded also, though with great difficulty, to induce the
disease in sheep, guinea-pigs, white mice, white rats, and very rarely
rabbits, kittens, and swine. The germs may be reproduced by inocu-
lation of liver and spleen pulp in any of these subjects, but the quan-
tity must be large and the gross typical spleen lesions are not always to
be found." Inasmuch as spleen lesions are associated with a variety of
infectious and septic diseases in animals, and as there is no record of
other lesions peculiar to Texas fever in these inoculated animals, we are
compelled to call in question the accuracy of the diagnosis in these
cases.
The inoculations made by us demonstrate that sheep, pigeons, rab-
bits, and guinea-pigs are to all appearances insusceptible to this dis-
ease, whereas in cattle the disease may be invariably produced by the
injection of infected blood. It is to be hoped that opportunity will be
presented the coming summer to try other species of animals.84
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Smith, Theobold & Kilborne, Fred Lucius. Investigations into the Nature, Causation, and Prevention of Texas or Southern Cattle Fever, book, 1893; Washington D.C.. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth143538/m1/84/?q=%221863%22&rotate=0: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting University of Texas Health Science Center Libraries.