Galveston Tribune. (Galveston, Tex.), Vol. 39, No. 77, Ed. 1 Monday, February 24, 1919 Page: 1 of 10
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/ 1
NO. 77.
GALVESTON, TEXAS, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1919-TEN PAGES
UE
GIVEN NATION’S
EXECUTIVE ON HIS RETURN FROM
AUDITOR UN DER ARREST.
EUROPE-IS IMPROVED PHYSICALLY
1
THE WEATHER
at
OBJECTORS IN EARNEST.
COMMANDERS ASSIGNED.
SUFFS ARE ARRESTED.
of
SPENDS GOOD NIGHT.
building was partially destroyed.
Ph
TRANSPORT ARRIVES.
WACO TERM OPENS.
CONFIRMS WILLIAMS.
PERU HONORS UNITED STATES.
PARIS GETS BIG GUN.
NOT DECIDED ON.
JULIAN STORY DEAD.
4)
the
for-
ked
the
the
8
By Associated Press.
Washington, Feb'. 24.—Any beverage
containing more than one-half of one
per cent alcohol would be banned by
the war, time prohibition act, effective
next July 1, under a measure approved
today by the house judiciary commit-
tee’to make the act effective.
flags in its lockers and every passen-
ger on the welcoming ships waved the
Stars and Str yes.
The troops who came from France
(BRIN G ON Youk
GO LF,CHANIPONSH1
More Than One-Half of
One Per Cent Taboo.,
in the sharp northwesterly breeze.
Every ship at the wharves and
anchor in the harbor displayed all the
ATMOSPHERE ABOUT CONFERENCE
UNDERGOES REMARKABLE CHANGE
Some Unpublished Facts
Are Disclosed.
Oldest National Bank in Texas.
The First National Bank
1865—OF GALVESTON—1919
Southeast Cor. Strand and 22d Sts,
United States Depositary
We Solicit New Accounts.
Regarding Disposal of Ger-
man Ships.
AMERICA FACING
MARINE PROBLEM
Effectiveness of Hunger Blockade Seen
In Huns Frantic Appeal For Relaxation
SPARTACAN RIOTS
ARE IN PROGRESS
Proceedings Are Forging Ahead at Great Pace;
Talk of An Early Peace Has Now Be-
come General.
ARMY WAR DEATHS
AGGREGATE 107,444
BEGAN OFFENSIVE
AGAINST U-BOATS
PREPARING TO BAN
ALCOHOLIC DRINKS
UNITED KINGDOM
FACES CIVIL STRIFE
ANGLO-AMERICAN
PROPOSAL OPPOSED
MERCHANT TONNAGE
EXPANDING RAPIDLY
HELP YOUR GOVERNMENT
by purchasing Thrift Stamps and
War Savings Certificates. For sale
at all banks and by all postmen.
4% Interest, Compounded Quarterly.
HUTCHINGS, SEALY & CO.
BANKERS
(Unincorporated)
24th Strand
U. S. NAVY’S'
PART IN WAR
NAVAL EXPERTS
DO NOT AGREE
Expeditionary Force Total
Is 72,951.
$30,000,000 Mine Bar-
rage Was Laid.
Three Possible Solutions
Are Presented.
France and Italy Against
Sinking Fleet.
Lloyd-George Makes This
Assertion.
Senator Ransdell Discuss-
es Subject.
Fighting Is Going on at
Nuremberg.
By Associated Press.
Lima, Sunday, Feb. 23.—Peru-
vian students conducted a dem-
on stration in honor of the Unit-
ed States and President Wilson
today. Streets in the center of
the city were crowded, and Mr.
Wilson, the United States and the
league of nations were acclaimed.
The reviewing platform at the
city hall was occupied by the
mayor, American Minister Ben-
ton McMillen, and members of
the diplomatic corps.
UN LANDS ADU
PARIS PEACE MACHINERY BEING SPEEDED UP ROUSING RECEPTION
with Bostonians and citizens of
metropolitan district who were
tunate in the ticket distribution.
By Associated Press.
London, Feb. 24.—The United King-
dom is faced with the prospect of civil
strife and the house of commons should
do everything in its power to avert it,
Premier Lloyd-George declared today
in introducing a bill to constitute a
committee to inquire into the conditions
prevailing in the coal industry.
Police and Move On.
By Associated Press.
Boston, Feb. 24.—Twenty-two women
members of the National Women's
Party, carrying suffrage banners were
arrested in front of the state house
today when they refused to comply
with orders of the police to move on.
They were charged with failing to
obey a city ordinance.
By Associated Press.
Philadelphia, Feb. 24.—Julian Story,
theartist, died in a hospital here today
at the age of 62. He had been ill many
months
Paris, Feb. 24.— (By the Associated Press).—The atmosphere
around the peace conference has changed remarkably in the last few
days. The deliberation and caution which marked the proceedings
of important commissions have given way and even the most con-
servative delegates are being carried forward at a great pace. Talk
of early peace has become general.
President Wilson, before he left France, urged the American
commissioners to spare no exertion to bring the conference to a con-
clusion, at least respecting a peace treaty, but the actual directing
force toward that end has been Premier Clemenceau, who even while
resting in his easy chair, suffering from the wound given him by a
would-be assassin, has summoned the premiers of four other great
powers to his side in order to impress upon them the need for hasten-
ing the great work in their hands.
night and Tues-
day; probably snow in north por-
tion; colder tonight. Temperature
16 to 20 in Panhandle; colder Tues-
day, southeast portion.
For Oklahoma: Cloudy tonight and
Tuesday; probably rain or snow,
colder, cold wave. Temperature 20
to 24 degrees.
Winds on Texas coast: Moderate
to fresh southerly to. westerly,
TEMPERATURES.
Minimum temperatures recorded
in Texas during the 24 hours end-
ing at 7 a. m. today include: Gal-
veston, 54: Houston, 50; Abilene, 48;
Brownsville, 60; Dallas, 46; San An-
tonio, 52. . ,
the Red Cross, Y. M. C. A., Knights of
Columbus and Jewish welfare board
were on board some of the city 'boats
prepared to assist in extending a hearty
welcome to the soldiers. They carried
supplies of doughnuts, coffee, chewing
gum, cigarettes, stationery arid news-
papers.
Joseph P. Tumulty, secretary to the
Refused to Comply With Orders
By the Associated Press.
Boston, Feb. 24.—President Wilson landed at Commonwealth
pier at 11:42 a. m. The president’s reception was characterized by
those who traveled with him through Europe as being fully as dem-
onstrative as any he received in England, France or Italy.
Returning- to American soil from his history-making mission
abroad the president, accompanied by Mrs. Wilson, was transferred
in the lower harbor from the steamship George Washington and
escorted by aircraft, submarine chasers, torpedo boat destroyers and
a flotilla of committee boats, reached the landing place on board the
naval cutter Ossipee.
The journey had agreed with the president physically. He ap-
peared vigorous and alert, his step was brisk and his features showed
sea tan.
Cheers from the throng at the pier greeted him. In the great
shed of the pier built by the state and taken over by the navy depart-
ment during the war there were hundreds of state and city officials,
legislators, representatives of the federal government and a commit-
tee of women to receive Mrs. Wilson.
remain in action after the signature of
the treaty.
Americans also believe that the treaty
which will be signed first must be fol-
lowed by another final treaty which
will exactly prescribe the conditions to
be met by the late enemy powers. Sev-
eral months may elapse before this
can be made ready.
M. Bichon said that Germany would
be first dealt with because of the great-
er importance of the problems pre-
sented in her case, but added there were
important peace questions, for settle-
ment in connection with Austria, Bul-
garia and Turkey. Military experts, he
said, have been instructed to examine
them and have been in readiness for
speedy adjustment.
Present indications are that nothing
regarding the responsibility for the
war, beyond a declaration of general
principles, will be included in the pre-
liminary treaty of peace. The special
commission considering the liability of
either governments or individuals to
punishment has worked in great secrecy
and has heard arguments on every side
of the problem from experts in interna-
tional law, but it is gathered that the
only result that can be expected in time
for incorporation in the peace treaty is
an expression of opinion on the general
principles that may be applied to the
cases so far considered.
Held in Connection With Payroll Rob-
bery in Washington.
By Associated Press.
Everett, Mass., Feb. 24.—Charles S.
Whittemore, general auditor for the
General Electric Company, was arrest-
ed at his home in Malden today charged
with. conspiracy and assault in con-
nection with the attack on Frank R.
Brown, assistant paymaster at the lo-
cal plant of the company, who was held
up December 20 and robbed of the
weekly payroll, amounting to $12,000.
France originally doubted the wis-
dom of concluding peace before condi-
tions crystallized in Germany and ef-
fective guarantees against further dan-
ger from that quarter had been pro-
vided. Now France agrees with Amer-
ican and Great Britain in demanding
a termination of the existence of the
present technical state of war so that
even Germany may resume the normal
ways of peace.
This view .was reflected today by
Stephen Pichon, the French foreign
minister, in his regular Sunday talk
with foreign newspaper correspondents.
He said in discussing the probable date
when the treaty of peace will be signed
that work would be hastened as soon
as the necessary foundation had been
laid. M. Pichon referred to the fact
that President Wilson thought when he
left that the end could be reached by
the middle of May, but added that it
was now regarded possible that it
might be sooner and that he saw no
reason to doubt it. Asked if the peace
conference could then disperse, he re-,
plied that general principles which
must govern the treaty of peace would
be included in the treaty itself, while
their application must be determined
and made workable afterwards. This
was understood as indicating that some
portion, at least, of the conference must
Ry Associated Press.
Washington, Feb. 24.—Discussing the
American merchant marine problems in
the senate today, Senator Ransdell of
Louisiana predicted that within a few
months the shipping board would own
one-half the ocean-going merchant ves-
sels in the United States over 500
gross tons, and that by 1920 ship con-
struction' in this country would have
increased the total tonnage under the
American flag to approximately 19,-
000,000 tons.
“These figures,” the senator said,
lead to the conclusion that from the
quantitive point of view, looking only
at the objective of securing an aggre-
gate amount of tonnage Under our flag
commensurate with the maritime in-
terests of the United States, the prob-
lem of the American merchant marine
is solved.”
Of the predicted 19,000,000 tons, the
Louisiana senator estimated 14,525,500
tons would be owned by the shipping
board. As the authority of the board
to operate vessels expires by limitation
six months after the formal proclama-
tion of peace, he said, it was essen-
tial that legislation be provided where-
by the operation may be continued.
Stating his opposition to a govern-
ment subsidy, Senator Ransdell out-
lined three possible solutions of the
merchant marine problem as follows:
First, complete government owner-
ship and operation of all ships, docks,
wharves and terminals, on the same
principle under which Rumania and
Belgium operated their shipping be-
fore the war; second, ownership and
operation through a public corpora-
tion controlled by the government un-
der the same method by which the war
department operates the Panama rail-
road and steamship company; third,
government ownership of the vessels
and the employment of private agencies
for their operation.
The strength of the merchant ma-
rine, however, he emphasized, “lies in
the number of trained, alert, resource-
ful shipping men whom it can call to
its service, on whose watchful, pre-
serving and competent work the suc-
cess of a shipping venture depends.”
FORECAST.
For Galveston
and vicinity:
Showers tonight
and Tuesday;
colder Tuesday.
For East Tex-
as: Showers to-
night; colder in
northwest por-
tion. Tuesday
cloudy, showers
in southeast por-
tion; colder.
For West Tex-
as: Cloudy to-
obtaining the most elementary ne-
cessities. The number of neuras-
thenics caused by the monotony of'
daily fare during the past four and
a half years runs into the millions.”
) The petition further asserts that,
in addition to physical sufferings
growing out of the continuance of
the blockade, the food stringency
in Germany has produced “psychic
and ethical phenomena which
threaten to develop into broadening
centers for bolshevism.”
Chief Magistrate Wermuth of
Greater Berlin heads the list of
mayors who signed the memoran-
dum, which in conclusion declares
that the problem' of rationing big
cities in Germany is beset by grav-
est dangers and that “the German
people are undeservedly being driv-
en into a hunger catastrophe.”
by a submarine chaser, and with eight
other submarine chasers flanking
them, the fleet proceeded down the
harbor with bands playing patriotic
airs and the colors flying out straight
By Associated Press.
London, Feb. 24. — Thirty-six
prominent members of scientific
and medical faculties of German
universities and twenty-two mayors
of leading cities in that country
have addressed a joint appeal to
.President Wilson and university
faculties in neutral countries, urg-
ing the speedy appointment of a
commission of experts from the
Scandinavian states. Holland, Swit- -
zerland and Spain, for the purpose
of studying the food situation in
Germany. Mr. Wilson is asked to
designate an American medical
expert as an added member of the
commission in which entente coun-
tries will be given the privilege of
representation, if they so choose.
The memorial says:
“Germany has laid down her arms
upon being assured a peace of jus-
By Associated Press.
Washington, Feb. 24.—Deaths during
the war in the American expeditionary
force’s and among troops in the United
States from all causes, the war depart-
ment announced today, numbered 107,-
444.
In the expeditionary forces the total
was 72,951. Of these 20,829 resulted
from disease, 48,768 from injuries re-
ceived in battle and 3,354 from all other
causes.
VOL. 39.
tice, based on President Wilson’s
‘fourteent points.’ The conditions
of the armistice have made her ab-
solutely defenseless. In spite of
the mutual agreement to suspend
all hostilities, Germany’s opponents
conitnue the hunger blockade—
the most severe and most crushing
of all weapons applied against her
during the war. Testimony ad-
duced by medical authorities in
Germany proves that the blockade
cost the country eight hundred
thousand lives."
The petition claims that clandes-
tine traffic in food has resulted in
price increases over peace time
standards ranging from one thou-
sand to three thousand per cent
“which deprives millions of work-
ers and women and children of
food and prevents the people from
Senate Takes Action Upon Strictly Par-
tisan Lines.
By Associated Press.
Washington, Feb. 24.—By a strict
partisan vote of 9 to 4 the senate bank-
ing committee today decided to recom-
mend confirmation of the nomination
of John Skelton Williams to succeed
himself as comptroller of the currency.
Successor to Attorney General Gregory
Not Determined.
By Associated Press.
Boston, Feb. 24.—Secretary Tumulty
said today after he had talked with
President Wilson that a successor to
Attorney General Gregory had not
been decided upon. .
with the presidential party on
transport were not forgotten in
general celebration. Delegations from
By Associated Press.
Paris, Feb. 24.—While the supreme
war council has not discussed the dis-
position of surrendered German war-
ships, the naval experts of the council
have studied the subject, British and
American officers agreeing that the
proper solution of the question will be
to sink them in deep water. French
and Italian officers do not take this
view, and if the experts do not soon
reach an agreement the matter may be
taken up directly by the supreme war
council.
The British navy has captured the
greater number of German vessels
taken during the war, and the British
delegates feel they have a greater in-
terest in the determination of the ques-
tion, and they have the weight of the
opinion of American experts with
them. There are seventy-four German
warships, aggregating half a million
tons, or an estimated building cost of
$200,000,000, at Scapa Flow. These
naval vessels can not be used profit-
ably in commerce, as they are too
heavily engined and have no cargo
space, a fact which has been proved.
It has also been demonstrated by
American wreckers that naval vessels
can not be broken up at a profit.
Continued on Page Nine.
Outbreak Occurred After Assassination
of Pavarian Premier.
By Associated Press.
Copenhagen, Sunday, Feb. 23.—A dis-
patch to the Berlin Lokal Anzeiger says
that a Mannheim during demonstra-
tions following the assassination of
Kurt Eisner, the Bavarian premier,
there were great disturbances. Nu-
merous buildings among the law courts
were broken into. The law courts
By Associated Press.
Boston, Feb. 24.—Practical demobili-
zation of all the United States naval
establishments in European waters;
the sale of the great Lafayette wire-
less station at Bordeaux to the French
governmentrat a price of approximately
$4,000,000, and many hitherto unpub-
lished facts of American naval activ-
ities in the war, were announced here
today by Assistant Secretary Roosevelt,
? who arrived with President Wilson on
the George Washington.
For the last month Mr. Roosevelt
has been in Europe demobilizing the
naval forces, liquidating contracts and
settling, claims. Good progress was
made in all of the work, he said, and
the British and French governments
have met the United States half way
in the settlement of claims and dis-
posal of material.
On the trip over, Mr. Roosevelt dis-
closed to the officers and men of the
George Washington how the United
States had spent more than $30,000,000
laying the mine barrage against sub-
marines in the North sea and how, by
the navy offensive which the United
States brought into the war, the sub-
marines were driven away from the
coasts, away from the harbor mouths,
out to sea, where their deadly work
would be more difficult, and how the
entry of the navy into the war initiated
an effective campaign against the U-
boats which previously had been con-
ducting the offensive.
“Few realize,” said Mr. Roosevelt,
“that the American navy had fifty-
four shore bases of various kinds in
European waters and the Azores, in-
cluding destroyer station and mine-lay-
ing bases, although the majority were
naval aviation bases from which more
than 200 American seaplanes operated.
We had more than 70,000 men at these
bases and on the ships operating from
them. We leased docks and buildings
and in addition constructed hundreds
of hangars, piers, hospitals, store houses
and other buildings.
“Almost fifty thousand officers and
men now have been sent home and all
the flying stations and bases, with a
very few exceptions, have been evacu-
ated. All material of future value has
been sent home. Portable houses, pro-
visions and motor trucks have been sold
to the Red Cross and the army, and
what remained of lumber and other
salvage material has been sold to the
British and French governments.
“The great Lafayette radio station
near Bordeaux was intended to insure
communication between Washington
and the army and navy in case the ca-
ble systems were put out of commis-
sion of interfered with by German
submarines. It has eight towers and
could communicate with the United
States day and night. It was built by
the navy. I arranged with the French
government that we shall complete the
station, 'which is two-thirds finished,
and they will then take it over at what
it costs us, about twenty-two million
francs.”
president, spent the night aboard the
George Washington with President Wil-
son and came ashore today with the
presidential party. He was believed to
have the engrossed copy of the six bil-
lion dollar war revenue bill with him,
and it was thought possible President
Wilson might sign the bill before he
landed, or at least soon after he set
foot on shore.
After the president and Mrs. Wilson
and the members of the presidential
party had been transferred to the Os-
sipee, the president’s flag, as com-
mander in chief of the navy, displaced
that of Rear Admiral Wood on the main
truck of the Ossipee and the cutter
started for Commonwealth pier. Aboard
the cutter Mayor Peters welcomed the
nation’s chief executive on his return
to home shores and to Boston.
’The trip up the harbor, accompanied
by the same convoy of vessels that was
with the Ossipee on the way out, was ,
marked by the continuous sounding of
whistles by harbor craft, and as the
Ossipee came abreast of the several
forts, the presidential salute of twenty-
one guns was fired. Convoying sea-
planes swept overhead, flying in cir-
cles to keep abreast of the Ossipee.
When the Ossipee neared the Com-
monwealth pier, many of the little fleet
of boats, which had escorted her up
the harbor, dropped astern but the .sub-
marine chasers which acted as a guard
were still on duty as she tied to the side
of the great pier. They had orders to
stand by until the presidential party
had disembarked.
The great steamer, George Washing-
ton, on which the president and his
party made the voyage from Brest,
dropped arichor off quarantine shortly
after dark last night. The most ex-
citing moments of the trip came on
Sunday afternoon when it was sud-
denly discovered that the steamer, run-
ning through a dense fog, was headed
directly for Thatcher’s island off Cape
Ann. It was the destroyer Harding,
running ahead as a guard ship, which
discovered the danger and gave a warn-
ing signal. Engines were reversed and
the ship was stopped a thousand yards
from shore in deep water.
A short distance off Boston harbor
the George Washington was met by an
escort of eight submarine chasers sent
from the navy, yard here. The ship
proceeded to quarantine and the presi-
dential party remained on board over
night. It had previously been arranged
that they should be brought up to
Commonwealth pier this afternoon on
the coast guard cutter Ossipee, and
that the George Washington should
then leave for New York to land the
2,000 troops who returned with the
president.
The storm which' had hung over
the coast for two days passed off to
sea last night and 'the day opened
clear. A shifting of the wind to the
west had taken the chill out of the
air and the streets were dry.
Huron Docks at Newport News With
2,898 Troops.
By Associated Press.
Newport News, Va., Feb. 24.—The
transport Huron arrived from France
today with 2,898 soldiers, the entire
• Forty-fifth coast artillery corps, forty-
five officers and 1,691 men, and nine
casual companies from the Western
states. The trip was stormy. Private
Cecil B. Hollingsworth was killed by
beiug dashed against a cabin by a
wave.
Generals Are Designated for Various
Army Camps.
By Associated Press.
Washington, Feb. 24.—Orders assign-
ing new commanders to nearly a score
of camps were announced today. They
include:
Maj. Gen. Wm. A. Holbrook, now at
Camp Sheridan, Alabama, to . Camp
Grant, Illinois; Brig. Gens. Guy V.
Henry to Camp Beauregard, Daniel B.
Devore to Camp Logan, Texas; Jas A.
Byan to Camp Sheridan, Alabama; Maj.
Gen. Harry F. Hodges to Camp Travis,
Texas; Maj. Gen. Peter E. Traub to
Camp Pike, Arkansas, and Brig. Gen.
Wm. H. Sage to Camp Funston.
Clemenceau’s Condition Continues to
Be Satisfactory.
By Associated Press.
Paris, Feb. 24.—Premier Clemenceau’s
condition continues satisfactory, the
Associated Press was informed today.
The premier spent a good night.
By Associated Press,
London, Feb. 24.—Spartacan riots
have taken place in Nuremberg, Ba-
varia, where the prisons have been
opened and street fighting is in prog-
ress, according to an Exchange Tele-
graph dispatch from Copenhagen to-
day.
DISTURBANCE AT MANNHEIM.
Judge West Presides Over Federal
Court There.
By Associated Press.
Waco, Tex., Feb. 24.—The Waco term
of the United States district court for
the western district of Texas was
opened here this morning, Judge Duval
West of San Antonio presiding. A
grand jury was empaneled.
The Tom Parker case will be called
March 3. Parker is charged with the
murder of his brother-in-law, Joe B.
White, in front of the postoffice several
years ago, and as the killing took place
on United States government property
the case is in the United States court.
Parker has been tried twice without a
verdict.
Fifty senior officers of the army,
navy and state guard, in command of
Col. Thomas W. Griffith, formed a
guard of honor at the pier. They stood
in a double line and President Wilson
and his party passed between their
ranks as he stepped ashore.
The reception was informal.
As soon as the presentations by
Mayor Peters were completed the presi-
dential party entered automobiles and
began a parade across the city, through
streets lined along the two-mile route
with double ranks of soldiers and sail-
ors and banked with cheering thou-
sands of civilians.
•The city was not alone in extending
to the chief executive a welcome home
from his labors at the peace conference
in Paris, for thousands of persons from
all parts of New England arrived on
early trains to swell the throng in the
streets through which it was arranged
he should pass on his way from the
Commonwealth pier to his hotel in the
Back Bay district.
For the greater part of the crowd
this was. the only opportunity to see
the president, as Mechanics’ hall, where
he was to deliver his only address of
the day, seats but 7,000 persons, and all
the ticket’s for the meeting were al-
lotted several days ago. Buildings all
along the route of the parade were
ablaze with flags and bunting and
recognition of the international char-
acter of the president’s recent activities
was shown in the frequent display of
flags of the nations which were allied
with the United States in the war.
The Ossipee, a former coast guard
cutter, now in naval service, was the
leader of the welcoming flotilla. She
displayed the flag of Rear. Admiral
Spencer S. Wood, head of this naval
district, who was aboard, and she Car-
ried also the official greeting party,
including Mayor Peters and Maj. Gen.
Clarence R. Edwards.
Six other steamers were crowded
Return the Money Paid to Them On
Their Discharge.
By Associated Press.
Washington, Feb. 24.—Nearly all the
conscientious objectors recently re-
leased by the army at Fort Leaven-
worth have returned the money paid
them on discharge, holding that the
scruples which prevented them from
fighting also forbade the acceptance of
pay for non-combatant service. It was
learned today that about $5,000 already
had been returned and remittances
still were coming in.
By Associated Press.
Paris, Feb. 24.—One of the Ger-
man long range guns which
shelled Paris at intervals during
the last few months of the war,
is now on its way to this city and
will be placed on exhibition, ac-
cording to.La Victoire. Marshal
Foch, the newspaper says, de-
manded the surrender by the Ger-
mans of one of these guns, which
was found by French officers
near Mayence.
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Galveston Tribune. (Galveston, Tex.), Vol. 39, No. 77, Ed. 1 Monday, February 24, 1919, newspaper, February 24, 1919; (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1618586/m1/1/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Rosenberg Library.