The Caldwell News-Chronicle (Caldwell, Tex.), Vol. 18, No. 47, Ed. 1 Friday, April 8, 1898 Page: 8 of 12
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1 PTrWfpiMtpi' ip. •
• .w -v: - '^wr;^
MUNN, THE APOSTLE, DEAD,
irT : '
—
Dart* Mortally Wounded
In • Street Combat
Waco, April 2.—In the midst of
busy
am loyal to ray town and always ex-
pressed myself."
Ta - shoot :ng in which Apostle W.
C. Brann and Capt Tom E. Davis
shot esch other. i the secon i tragedy
■■ H mm Waco to 1* attributed to Bra:.u's
preparations for city election publications in tne Iconoclast concern- j had a war with Spain, or lather An
while bands were playing ing Baylor University. The hrst was ire* Jackson had a war with Spam.
winch he carried out m the name an i
JACKSONIAN DIPLOMACY.
Tke Way "Old ■tckoryftettled With
Spain
Just eighty yean ago this spring we
taring
handbills from their
vans calling the j^eopie to-
W. C. Brann. editor
the
*e famous three cornered duel of No
vem^r 19 last year, iu which Coi. O
B. Gerald, a defender of Brann
Iconoclast, and Capt. If. T. Davis mot
fougst a revolver duel to dea£
fought an i slew J. W. Harris and W
A. Harris In the Gerald-Harris
Ja*rter. a colored mm.
just in front
and atter exchanging a
w:ih killing them
with the troops of the United States,
but on his own personal responsibility
He had made one brilliant campaign
against the Creeks of southern < ¡«orgia
He completely crushed the Creek na-
tion an 1 thought that they were "pac-
I tie i in the thorough Jachsonian man
His trial is to come c r.
words, both drew and l egan emptying p )>efore Judga Scott at the present
their revolvers into each other's1 term of the court.
Ths testimony of the eve witnesses
When the battle wss over, Brann .
But a few thousand ("reek braves
ih i across the bordr into the Spanish
province of West Florida and joined
themselves to the bloodthirsty horde
through both of his arms The sur-
geons lay both men are likely to die.
The difficulty between the two met:
sw out of the Brann Baylor :V d of
year. Capt. Davis da .gnte-s ar-
pupils oi Baylor University and the
references mad;- in the Icoic cias: :
Baylor, which were generally n.
strued to mean retiections on the n.
a) character of pupils and faculty.
brought fu'th ir m Cat t. Darts de-
nunciation of Brann delivered iu .an
guage most forcible an-: direct.
Ia the city campaign n -w :n pr >g-
ress. Capt. Davi> is the chairman a?rest*
one of the managieg committees a:, i ar.
was active ah day u. ti.e duties that j
position entailed. Klction day ;• clo*e
at hand and excitement was high
The Apostle Brann was an adv st-
of the cand.date t'apt. Dav:s wa*
seeking to deh it and that state of a:
fairs contributed :n no ¿mal. extent
the meeting Politics, however, was
not the chie' cause by any means
About a month ago before the city '
campaign opened, a friend of Brann s
referred to him in complimantry terms
ia the presence of Capt. Davanal
ts. The tragedy arose and
er, i-frann ;.^e a -iriS_, wben no one was
was found perforated in the left :ung prepared. Capt Davis thought he 'of Seminóles and fug itivs slaves le i by
the left leg and the right foot. Davis' :,e had two mei to tight an i he went j th<? ¿rett cb;ef( B¡¡[v Bowl#gt- Tb,",
ahot tnrough tue rig t lung an : tow ^ * y a:' a ¡ tn partnership of deviltry, aided and
h°re -it n h - last cattle he exh.'-it-*hettei by the Spen-.aru* made life in
ed the required mettle Shelter was 'southern Georgia a serifs of alarms too
at ..an-i. ut heicornei it He stood j freonentlv real, e l :n butcherv and
grew out of tne tírannuayior te a o! :; ;e^ iiertu save shot f. r shot.
last year. Capt Davis' da ignters arc Ra.f ar. hour last n.:dni?h: Cat:.
Davis was r#-* y.¿ tin er the influence
of anaesthetics w.:h thechsttcvs sgainst
isim.
At 1 W. C Brann t'e an «*>.
die-., 'ine : ineral will take place
ulars and 600 Teams—sni I marrM
for Pensacola
"While on my march thither 1 was
met by a protest from the governor of
Pensacola ordering me out of the
Floridas, or he would oppose force to
force and drive me out of the territo-
ry of Spain."
* Jackson regarded this l*oast of pow
er as proof positm of the treacherous
lying of the governor in saying that
the ludians were too strong for hie|pjaoes gt ttf that the vibratioan contin
EARTHQUAKE IN CAtMHMM.
Tumbling
Crockery Oauae a Panic.
San Pranciico, April I.—At about
midnight this city and state «-ere
shaken by one of the most severe
earthquakes ever etpericnced in Cali-
fornia San Francisco buildings
were swayed violently for fully tan
seconds, though reports from other
weak garrison. So he marched on to j f0j. from forty second* to a minute.
Pensacola forthwith and took po *ea , A tenement house on Clementina
sion of it in the name of the I nited ; glrvet between Fifth and Siath street .
States collapsed. but no one wat injured.
The governor Hed to K.-rt Carlos de j Ne^-lv everv window of the Strath
Barrancas. There he thought himself morm nparúnsnt house on Larkin
safe from thi* terribie Jackson For street, opposite the new city hall, was
he never imagined for a moment that broken, the plastering fell from the
even soch a highhanded perssn as walls and pictures and ornaments were
Jackson would dare u try take by thrown to the M >ors. The building
force the fort of a powt-r that wss or otl itrtH,t( nMr McAllister,
was pretending to be at peace with the formerly occupied by ti.e supreme
. nited i-tates court was slightly damaged. It*
But Jargon wii hot \ipoit cliimnevi fell to th<? pavfutt4nL but
-I demanded possession of the fort. fortunaielv d d not hit anv of the
t" ' e held y American troops until a
rapine.
1 te Spaui- i offi. .a attii'.i ie was
perfe-tiy c--met—deprecatory and re
gretf ih But res! ', said the S">an
and
S'inda* His a lie an i
i/e-ide uin..
It is not kr. 'Wu tba' War i
i.es manager, :red a -hot
' hei iiy S eri:T 1.
• aelfor investida
Uii ¡;en were
was
H' \ WO r \
ion.
v T
V sco. Auril «1.—' ipu Ton. Dav
Brann.- antagonist in the terrii>teÍ
street duel here, lingers un* ! near y ' I •{
c. : k vest-rda- after no<-n H > 111 *t be punished at on«*e ■'ur: us. and many A mercan < dtha
leath was calm and his dej^rfnen: t,.' - T! i4 ;1 « m.ich to the interest of J k*on t.ad rea. v gene too far
'-•te Lit was charai.t .*iiSfc of h - .nV
:> x v ¡5 } \:.
— ' 'pu "i" :.
res: sai'l t e
iar .* t; f-e savages sre - otro;,
s wily tha: we can don-thing
Tuen > tnie Andrsw acksor H<- ad
choi e o: two course to follow the
recrecí.led international code of ; ro*
tt-*t y p to W'.i-'dniT'on then
after <'>ng delay to t'.e Spanish minis
ter. thenc<< after in terminable d.-lav t<
Spain ! v slow sailing vease: and - <n
thr Irawn-'Ut >ears of waiting
■>r t adopt a Jack so? -an d inter
lat: ra law efact'y . (• i to t ,e cir
•umstawes He rea- r.ei th
guárante ' coi. d b«? L'iven for th>- safe
ty of the frorr er This wtt refused
• I approached the Barrancat with
one n:ne ¡H un i piece and five eight,
inch ! *.• sr.* T ey opened the :
atte.'te* upon me It was ret .me I
spirited i y.
"íiie white flüg wen* up at even
ng. I l.a i my a i«?r ^'a«iy t . ,r
over the v..I l>ilieve the trarr -on
id-covere-l this an surrendered.
. fear.; k' a n.^iit atta. .
1 8; ain wa n -w : werie- ar *!.•
*• ,f ,¡a. k- n Her savage al. **
' a ■ <d'ied t .i -t. « i '# .arp«h'lot-
era Ti.- f a w s «¡t Sjm
i over
i B ;• t'.e dip >ma' <• war wh
■ a ¡y :>r<- '«-le- the r--a wsr. had to
f dlow in th s a e t'oanh* to .<aekson.
i . \ nd :.o a :t I d ratfe in !' r: ta n
Bowlegs and his mara-der- Washuigt t in Madrid' Span was
.nat..y an i 1 rav. He knew ;*:• ••• the '
is wo'ui'is were moría.
fit
he ank to ttie stdews .i tae> Bra- n *
ullet- h.s &::ta¿ d c. .B-ai.n to :ch
ee iing from several wcunds. was not
-. w orann
of a t>d:ee:
itter sm e.
His thougnt* were on Brann s Bay
university > reeds, and : e felt avenged
T''1
'NitS A
r. It was often t redicteu that w et: .
Apostle Brann and apt. Davis " uC" ,\'7' ' 1' ** ®T"
«. there wy.ua : • .P;
,vis being a fearless man and r*n!v ! '* "' D0 **" ' * av r,. -
ieir ..as* re-* .ng p.ac
a.s . *u r j s • .u.tijií ; usly
•x- tw ,a:_re corv^es
nesis
an . it
4
re
>eh
•ve
na" ton
t:.*i fe,
fun
bod-
f>nveved
er
ami t .ere
.'. I tter.
we*- -tilled
: i- en le i.
Ward Ciiarged with Murder
\Va Apr. 3 —Wh, H V. ard,
i'-.ni i --14 manair-r >' t it ist. -
tilia c a.'"1 afli sa it with .¡a
I ¡
.er.
nearly provoked a row then and there.
Remarks on that occasion made y
Capt. Davis as to the Iconoclast and
its editor were repeated, it is *;. 1. in
Brann s hearing and Brann s rejoinder
carried to Capt. Davis.
This episode stirred up the men
«gainst each other and increase! tue
bitterness between them which oeg .n
when the Branu-Bayior trouble arose
end grew * intense. w,;«n the «¿era i
Harris tragedy o urre-i last Novem-
ber
the A post
met
Dayi beiag
on all occasi' us to express hi • *e.t
The publications of Brann aga.nst Bay-
lor university woun ied h:m iee y
and he toot, e ery t. cc<is: Jti to :na/ie
his feeliiigs . tiowr..
Yesterday Brann an i his h .s-
inesw manager, W H. V. ar i. v e-e •;
the opposite st ie of the street tr^ui
the Cotton Belt of!, -e and were -ten
crossing the street together going in
the direction of French's books:o:>
Capt. Davis o3ke being l>etween tü
bookstore and ti.e ' otton Belt otE «.-.
When Bi ann and Wart rea -ne i t he
front of the bookstore Capt. Davis
was in front of i-i- oí. — The words
that passed i-etween were terms of re-
proach and they lost no time m get-
ting out the.r weap.ns.
About ten seconds were occupied in
the shooting, at the end of wnich
Brann and Davis iav bleeding u'-d
Will H. Ward. Brann * business man-
ager. was shot through the right nan J.
the bones being shattered.
A wild bullet hit Motortnan Kenne j
dv on the kntfe. Kennedy was pas*
ing on his street car. Another wild
buliet*hit Eugene Kepler in the foot, j
The wild bullet wounds are not seri- (
o us. Eugene Kep'er and his partner,
Prince, are touring the wo:ud on a
wager and had just reached Waco
Capt. Dav - was taken to the Pacific
hotel, where his family wa- summ >ned
to his beds: h*. The s- ene was a c. *t
affecting one. His little da ighter fi w ^r.i(,.
to him when she heard of the shooting ; were l¡re
and her grief was very painful to,
witness. Zola's Sentence Quashed.
Spam a- of the 4 niied .^tite*
I. An<irew .'a .« >n must i > m;<
When . ^ tv Cimntrie-
' 4 If the Spam#!) off ■-. rs s<wi«t ;• e.
w- and ¿ >:: if not tiisn t ey are
al .es f t e savages and enem:e^ of 'he
('nited Statee.
Ji KSon wr<>te to the go ernnoen' at
fatally h ;rt
Capt Davis rolled over on his side, . .
and lire i ward ntltctio : iea'l: <n ! " M .uigion jus* whsi .«e propo <~i to
hts auveissrv with h - a,t :.<*. Heida Th«r' *Uh^ut waiting for rep.v.
Brann t'e-1 and fa.l into tue art .9 " ^^che-l over the border in' t e
e smiled a fierce Í i4,'re,i territory of Spain at the t -ad
me; reco: ed , an army that knew no ther duty
t (an ' .iie«l:ence to Jacks n
But the uf««bot waé that the t'ni'.ed
State irover • ent d v w« d Ja k
em's act* re«: re<l the fort and
thanked Jn.-k%-n j ib • ly ai. 1 prof
¡V for ending the ail.anee of Spams!
5>er' iv and In i an «avagery
As tor 1 e people the. mu í Ja k
•••n f «tr id"? a* 'bev do every man
w prefer* d ing ' > da afi«-e.
The quotations from .ía<*k« >«!
ab-ve are in a letter which J*. - -n
*.-m -o a f ien : t' a ;ngt n for ,*e
;n hi^ d"fi
pMlic t. .cíen P"C;- 0 m the street
(ilawware in -evcra •' e* an i -a
loon* wa* broken.
A' the oftice of tne A--0< ated t'ress
telegraphic c<rnmun; at ion wa* ntei
ropl-d for twenty inmutes T o earth-
quake «.used ti.e same c ndit. n of
atTair* t'\e Western I n r. and
I" «tal te '"graph 8cet
Hie < ■<-k was < !t thr ug'i <ut ti.e
state At .**auta Kn *.>ve a chtm
neya wen- thrown d< an and many
w.ndow* broken
i'rof. Dav id" >n, the e' inent scien
t -* d'« Ii f? ' • t:.e t . lias
*eldom r ie-v« • «• \1« < m
was i v t, ber*> and t -ntider* it remark
anh- that n-*- t .fe u great damage
to property wa* o • x* ne i rb -
waters ths '.a. j «. a t. la wave
'*o feet hiir but almost iiiinet ate y
su (ah hid
A t..-.- t e f the uto
age «1 ne by •! •• ear t q *e h . a'
Mar Is and nav v d i* p!a< ed at
iioo. A de:« etitu tiave
Cea*e i « 'r> <• 4 t .a' of r ; rnei.t
and the . at is as¡d <1. .
The ' "hare--.' . r i d > \ and
* appear has «u*ta ne n< •<".o :
damage.
fomifK iore fi ?h « rn c
irmti f c /ti*tr . • • -n a
*av« !ne *u-'t • ed w r-
:':wni>. ■ ae; 1 a• k I ' w . -t
of the
repairs,
-tit n a
tand
en<c
•net
B ir.n dur
lie - in
e- IA ard of
■ n ths -.•!>}
He v as .efiide M .
ng *.he c tii -st an 1 ('a:
... dy.nz - a ent a c
shooting aim as he ay
wan
Hi his de ih'a'ion* apt. Davis state!
j that both Ward and Brann shot him
. afte; he :'e.
. Torre:.
Dav.- as i mahe
Mr. Ward with
eren arreste 1
He 'ñaue straight forte nes-e*;
•' *" van i * -: f<-r* <t Mark a He *ent
1 .vord to : ir rcrt «•: that he <Jacs
, S'-n) had ¡>een much patne<l t<- learn'
that t.<e wtc-ft.ed Indians had it-re. v
entered S Mar** and hah inu'hteneu
| the we i • icwr-on into giving then:;
ro- ur : srnm .nilton *-T • pre enr
t e re. .rr «n >• of -o er •- a r 'ation
nentraiitv ' wrote Jac-.* n and .>'
exclude our savage enemies frol:. -3
js*r< ng a hoid *•> -t. Ma <• I de m t
!ex>-J.en: * 'srr-*on tbat fort res* w b
Amercan t-oo;>- ntil tb - c -- e of tiie
presen wai,'1
The governor v. as d vmbfoundeu. i
líe I*. :* le f' - ar-i a long rep,y n
?pa:. *h t'.e s-i'ratsnee of which wa.-
} that be wou.d * tiU' to hi- u'verm .ent'
and -ea whether :t wis «d mm to .et
, Ja ovson pur « the propos« i coura*
' T.uat i* tie said t < Ja< ks n, -Vi a:- -.x
■ mo: th .-of a •, es -
count of
Jackson * splendid war with Spair cao
not <-n ;«d m >re tit: ngiy than with
■< •- >- -rirf : n' i/'a: hs • f J n -
DEATH OR LIBERTY.
Spaua^h R ile Rod* Life of J ay aa«!
let -r --A i
St" *;i the w- r capt u *-<
put htm on trial fo t
•••■ fan v sod
' he S
the iU
• t .
tha' 1 did not
• the governor
h" ' .urde; of
banc ni Ir
d
• ■ way (to ¡ i"
■ y pn«a ■ • ng
!♦ • .it -x •••
nod aff rd 'á ' i.e
i c.-u -p' no ot
a en i to the w et .i
r: . - f •' the strong
ref ,;e ;o * een*m;<
the meaos of o'Te-. .-
Self le *■ *e j ,*?<:' '1 n t. every
ir* Id! I wti; «ta-i I -t. d «•for -
'iod an I i i K i-op" \ <l I e^ret
that o r .• vernmeu' a* extended th*-
■i) of w * Imw • • l) tro-,
Hope
men:
iwi en
fr m Pet. acoi i efo'
liave a
. ar^n-.-r-
i ai!atin
f. r 'ha f ilfi ' tent ' t-
t e «afetv of the r ni
Ten i. > Fi unet
S a!> e
i "eu<
Jfi
wen
Deputv t ons'sole I'htT . "a '
• .5...., A .... .. VV tl ! hl< wbo;e !e
In
ice W. I!
ia.rg.n>;
He ha<i i
ef -re aüdavit, h . *¡¡e
more J
afti Javit
m r er
<. -table was made The next night ¡ - v , .
ue wa- ar • ■:*: ci.ar^e i wi*u assi* lit '" ' . . .
i r-, , „ ., ....... >!'ao'-h !ia¡¿ ¡i .i la en hauiel d wn
nii «r Jim new ♦
on eouhm't read Sf ssn..>i
ic- n«\er dresn e*i oí any
one aik.n.: tn to • wait " S • he ¡*
*umed tii it t! e etter muc l>e a < or
l:ala**ent *o his very proper prop"sa'a
He -j t. the ,ette- rj the earlv m an ng
¡st* Before noon the
l- .¿erverr .ii may •• .
diu fi-r an i - ,|
cannot tie SHjaraU* -* from \
ty aiwt rei :<i;i« ■ v * e: imm ,etd*
,a nation as wel: a# an in r.vidua, ittt"
danirer A neuri.bir must
incut Jatitte: fur a n>-ty¡Ubor ano a
ndertak rn con*:«:er the lit ancn fr •• i f,.r fr.-r.
Comiensed War Of>n,ons.
yr~:rc •
Lawyera in^iat that we -ho d up-
hold the hon >rof the land f the ee
ill of
Banks are *il ing to a r•■p"
indemnity
to commit murder
affidavit ne will .
preliraiiry hear.ng.
m si
a
' from
te,' fy
A great t iany witu m.-- wj
at the hearitif of Mr. War.i an ! there
w li ;<e c>r 'tiding testi:nouy A. t .e
wituesse* will testify that War: an!
Brsnn apj os the I tue pot"**: of Capt.
!>¡ivi*' oflife • jií< therati t*st i togeth-
er ui the fatal :uv
A poit mor."-:, y. ••• lay a .ti-: noon
di-L <.e t four woun i* oi. the person |
' I of Capt Tom Davis. His face i, t w- ¡ t ,
win- that siueoi tic'll0n,,fbi,?,,r-h#r
Mai'ks the American Hair
wa- t! it ng <. e- it and the America!
' r - ps ".ere l.'i [rOMSeSSlon. The )¿OV
er;.-.r male n dignified protest n
>'pams.. i: '¡eparted with his garn
sou
fieri Jackson proceeded to cha*ti*e
the Indian*, and had In- usual huc
ce** fí ü again he found the -pan*
th p pmg
am
iards inte fermg to save ?oe Indians
from lacks rnian pscification
are '
Hen-
i.- own vivid word« of de-cr p
and lina! campaign
l'iambers sre content
t.'neR of }>eace
T e standing srrny thinks S
snould • -at on.
Citizens of our s< aboa- l cites ayn
we should at-enjitben our coast pre-
t n*«*s
< ar¡ enters are anxious t" n«d the
fla/ to the mast.
• W « ternbl'. t; ;ij ttid curi:i0"
flefende-l e* nt a* a mean* t-- an
end nú i yet ,t i tómenme, t <• uiv
meat . by a ,i h i • • i v e i can
!,« • H '< iife-1 T'i state p .ni-he'- U*
•wn ■ ¡t -.-ii* by tii * c ■ ii- ■ tit or even
death when coi.n# ;. and : enma i>
fa W ar - 'h fin. a* • te A-e,.p
nation- when n-a* n and d.p oma y
an- of fto «va .
"Spa -1 Id gilt n •* ' e- *t Hite vent .III
hoped #
ut very <. >te range.
Pari*. Ami. ?>.—Tiie court of cesra-
In his statement made in the pres-
ence of count'.' officials, > apt Da'. :-) .
describes his pas-.ng about, going to , tion has quasbe the sentence of one
the transfer .*La ,e and returning with year s impnejurnent and -mou f anc*
a halt at Tom Waites and cescribea rtn« impowd upon M. /«da on Feb.
the conduct of Brann and Ward when ' 2 > a r"* 1 ' 'f' '''dapse of tue
he rNKMxi them. They followed him. charges made bv him in the Aurore
Capt Davis savs, frott. a point oppo- i ngni®«'« the conduct of tue Esterhazy
site Ins oB<'e. crossing over to where (court mart a, but the court has not
he stood. Brarm applied epithets and orderei a tria; neforo another ass.ae.
drew. Capt. Davis' pistol, he says. The decision is based on the fact.
" that the police martial should have
lodged the complaint against M. Zole,
t in to hoped r •• would recotfn;¿e
the ri^iit of t¡t> t' uled S'etei to act
aiid immediately withdraw from Cub
but whether the re-tent# intervention
| or not the I ti 'e l Ma e* m-ei perfo m
A majority of the clergy i« 1 n favor a i"'® " d dy
up a col ,
hung in the scabbard. He returned
the! [re and was shot, his statements
set forth, after he was down. "The
instead of the minister of war. as it
Brann shot rae," says Captain 1 was the court mertial that was tMsil-
Davis' dytng statement, - was that 1 'ed by the fsmousauthor and editor.
j against Spain
•1 feceived jpiorms'.ioti that ft*.o
Indians had collected in I'ensacoia. i
were fed bv tiie governor, and tha' a
party furnidied by the governor, hod
issued forth and in one night had slain
eighteen of oar citisens, and that u¡,
other party, with the knowledge of the
gevernor, went out publicly, murdered
a Mr Stolips and bis family and in
open day returned to I'ensacoia and
add the'bootv among which wa* the
clothing of ftfrs. Stokes."
Here was indeed a casus belli Jack,
son did not hesitate lietween the a<>
cepted code and the Jseksonian code,
He at once levied war against Spain.
Says he:
••With a general detachment of rev ts name.
of the I ru'ed States taking
action
If the regular army t- not sufficient
farmer stand ready to raise home
supplies
I.ocal astronomers say we will make
Spam Mee alar-.
The Signal Service Burean i Snx-
mu- to furniKh war cbuds Atlanta
Constitution *
Mra. Kh/oil>eth Nobles war. to lia\e
Ix'en hanged t Atlanta la t I'riday.
The governor stayed the sentence and
will likely commute it to life impris-
onment.
There are thirty varieties of the
canary bird. It is a native of the
Canary Islands, from which it derives
'Spain has only herself to blame (o>
the conditi it <d affair- in < ub.a 1'
• In denies to her former «ubject* th«
rignt of war and t ails tlte Cuban army
a mob. let her remeruÍH r tue words of
\ l'-'oi Hugo, The hi the hnmai.
ra< e m iu.*sr'.- ' No nation can afford
j to make its people mise ¡able. If the
Cubans prefer death to Spanish rule it
must be because Span -h rule hs.^
robbed life of joy and hope If n mi
tion ows the wind it must reap th-
wh riwin i '
The Austrian (tovernment hn* an
tbomed ths importation of «10 uoo ono
kilograms of foreign wheat
The two houses of Iowa paa-ed a
reHolution giving the governor
oou to ex|>end in case of war in enlist
ing, «pupping and sending to the
front Iowa s quota of tro op for Cube
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Rust & Joiner. The Caldwell News-Chronicle (Caldwell, Tex.), Vol. 18, No. 47, Ed. 1 Friday, April 8, 1898, newspaper, April 8, 1898; Caldwell, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth169187/m1/8/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Harrie P. Woodson Memorial Library.