The Southern Mercury. (Dallas, Tex.), Vol. 23, No. 1, Ed. 1 Thursday, January 1, 1903 Page: 7 of 8
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The Genesis of the Much Discussed Monroe Doctrine
Napoleon Bonaparte
•t *
Duke of Wellington
IF these two
men had nev-
er lived, there
would have
been no Mon-
roe doctrine;
at least Its of-
ficial pronouncement would have been
long delayed. Napoleon had been for a
number of years engaged in his pet pas-
time of turning Europe upside down,
righting It and then reversing it again.
When he had been finally repressed as
the result of the battle of Waterloo, the
various powers found to their horror
that that mysterious something known
as the "balance of power" had been se-
riously disturbed—in fact, that it was
out of working order. This balance of
power meant nothing less than the per-
petuation of absolutism, all of the sig-
natories agreeing to furnish the neces-
sary aid whenever danger threatened a
throne.
Napoleon figures in the "horning" of
the Monroe doctrine for the reason that
he created the conditions which ren-
dered Its enunciation an absolute ne-
cessity to us. The Duke of Wellington
figures In it because when at the Vero-
na congress it was decided to send the
allied armies to suppress the rebellion
In Spain he protested vigorously. If,
he asked, the allied powers have the
right to do this, why have they not also
the right to send armies to suppress the
revolutionists against Spain's authority
In South America? And the allied pow-
ers thereupon ingenuously admitted
that there was no reason why they
should not do this.
It goes without saying that the pro-
test of the Duke of Wellington was in-
spired by his government just as cer-
tainly as it also goes without saying
that the government was not actuated
by motives of parental interest in the
young country across the seas which
had won its Independence from her and
then In 1812, as a sort of guarantee of
good faith, had demonstrated that her
is
Canning off his feet by declaring that | surprising that President Monroe's next
the United States would agree to that message to congress should contain the
upon one condition and almost lloored official executive expression of It In the
him completely when he explained that following words, now ao familiar to dip-
that condition was the following of the lomats everywhere and, Incidentally, so
example of this country In aeknowledg- greatly dreaded by them:
ing the Independence ot the South Wo owc ,t therPforei t0 canaor and to
American lepubllos. llm|0able relations existing between
Canning thereupon promptly declared the United States and those powers (any
himself out of the game so far as the lOiiropcnit power) to declare thut v.e
I'nited Slutes was concerned, but he should consider any attempt on their p.ii t
notified the representative of the 'holy to extend their system to any portion ot
alliance" that England would not per-
mit European Intervention in Spanish-
American affairs Thus It happened
that the Monroe doctrine In the rough
was tirst enunciated by nil Kngllshman.
this In mlsphcre as dangerous to our peace
Mill : .Itvty. With the existing colonies or
ill pcmlencles of any ICuropeun power wo
have not Interfered and shall not inti"'-
fere. but with the governments who have
deelarnl their independence and main-
The allies disclaimed any Intention of taiiud it and whose independence we have
Interfering in Spanish-America. The 11" K'< ■" consideration and on just prlncl-
Incldcnt was temporarily closed acknowledged we could not view any
lnciuint was i« 111 oiaiiiy a sen. interposition for the purpose of oppressing
But those intellectual and farseeing > them or controlling In any other manner
Individuals John Quincy Adams and their destiny by any European power In
James Monroe had long perceived that , uny other liKht than as the manifestation
the matter of the attitude of Kttrope to of nil unfriendly disposition toward the
ward the western hemisphere must be United States.
definitely nettled sooner or later; so. i John <Juincy Adams, as secretary of
taking advantage ol the dispute be- j state, having been intrusted with the
tween England, the I'nited States and! negotiations leading up to this consum-
Itussln over the northwestern bounda- inatlon. President Monroe assigned to
r>", Mr. Adams wrote on July 2. 1S2;I, as him the work of preparing that portion
follows to Mr. Kush in London: of the message relating to the Spanish-
"These independent nations [meaning .Vmericau republics, lie it was who
those of South America and Mexico) wrote the now famous words. Mon-
wlll possess the rights incident to that . roe, an unusually conservative man,
condition, and their territories w ill. of! though a patriot to the core, objected
former victory had not been in the na- ! ever, greatly overestimated was amply ( constituted guardianship. Mr. Rush
ture of a "iluke." England at the lime 1 demonstrated by succeeding events.
had built up an enormous trade in
South America, and the probable action
of the "holy alliance" was an ominous
menace to her commercial supremacy
there.
Turning her eyes westward, she dis-
cerned promise of relief from what
bade fair to become an intolerable sit-
uation in the "greenness" of the men
at the head of affairs in the I'nited
did not "bite," though Mr. Canning so-
Mr. fanning, the British minister of renely announced to his friends that
foreign affairs, suggested to Kichard "Rush will come around all right." ln-
Itusli. American minister to London, stead the man who had been trained In
that their governments should issue a the direct American method of doing
joint note against the designs of the :
"holy alliance." In this it was proposed
thut what is now practically the Mon-
roe doctrine should be laid down as a
rule of conduct for European govern-
ments. Hut England was Included with
things suspected the sincerity of Can-
ning's solicitude for this country and
determined to find out what was be-
neath the generous offer. The short
and long of it was that when Kush
urged that It was absurd to imagine
that England was actuated by any but
the most sordid motives toward the
country which had Indicted upon her
the greatest humiliations of her history.
fanning was informed of our deter-
mination, I>ut he was persistent and
next suggested that a conference of
European nations lie called to consider
the affairs of l.atin America, England
agreeing not to participate unless the
made his report to Washington John United States also took part In the de-
States. That that "greenness" was, how- ; the United States in the suggested self , yuincy Adams, then secretary of state, liberations. The shrewd Hush took
course, be subject to no exclusive right
of navigation In their vicinity or of ac-
cess to them by any foreign nation. A
necessary consequence of this state of
things will be that the American conti-
nents h. ncel'orth will no longer be sub-
ject to colonization. Occupied by civi-
lized iiatIons, they will be accessible to
Kurope anil each other on that footing
alone, and the I'aelfle ocean, In every
part of li. will remain open to the
natlon of all nations In like manner
vlth the Atlantic."
This clear statement really com-
prised the essential principles of the
Moiuoe doctrine, and it is therefore nut
to the language on the ground that It
was rather strong.
"That is just what I tried to make
It." replied Adams, "and the sooner Ku-
rope understands that It Is purposely
so written as to admit of no misunder-
standing or equivocation the better for
ail concerned."
Monroe gave way, the message was
sent to congress, and the principle
which has more grently affected the
politics of the wofld than any ever
enunciated had passed into history to
become not. as was feared, an incentive,
but a preventive of wars.
WALTER N. LESTER.
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King Swearoffski: A Touching Ballad of Old Time New Year's Vows
?l«l
omkes
A.Vo\\r
NEtVYEAUS
TJI>E
MUST
KEEP IT
L^veumoue
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< .1--A., <Ni .
Once on a time there lived a king,
Both virtuous and great,
Who vowed a wide reform to bring
Within his ample state.
"That man," with solemn voice he
cried,
And then an oath he swore,
"Who makes a vow at New Year's
tide
Must keep It evermorel"
His word was law. From shore to
shore
The edict was proclaimed,
So that the realm should nevermore
With broken vows be shamed.
But. as of old, when New Year's came
Throughout that happy land
Men viewed their daily lives with
shame
And took the same old stand.
The nargiles aside were cast,
The demijohns went dry,
And virtue much too pure to last
Burned bright in every eye.
But when some dreary weeks had run
Their irritating way
The feebler eouIs began to shun
The pleasant light of day.
In corners dark they skulked and hid,
But soon their tins were known.
Spies overlooked the things they did
And dragged them to the throne.
The virtuous king, with righteous ire,
Upon their failings pounced
And punishmentB both just and dire
Upon their sins pronounced.
Ho chopped off heads and boiled In
oil,
But still the trouble grew,
Until at last, o'ereome with toll,
He cried, "This will not do!
My land I'll soon depopulate
And hold a useless throne;
Concerning vows I yield to fato
And hereby break my own."
And yet his work was not In vain;
The lesson sank so deep
His subjects from all vows refrain
Save those they mean to keep.
PETER M'ARTHUR.
H'opyright, lfi'J2, by Trior McArthur.]
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Dr. Lorenz the Man,
His Efforts In Behalf of Suffering Humanity
T Is given to but few
men to be able in a
marked degree to re-
lieve the suffering of
humanity, and it too
often happens that
when such a one has
attained a pre-emi-
nent professional po-
sition the best por-
tions of his brain and energy are bent
toward the conversion of his God given
gifts Into money.
In his particular branch of medical
science, which an ardent admirer has
denominated "bloodless surgery," Pro-
fessor Adolf Lorenz stands without a
peer. It is said that even as a student
he conceived a violent aversion to the
practice of seeking to cure practically
every malformation with the aid of the
knife.
Not that the young physician failed
to avail himself of the "bloody surgery"
which he had learned at college in Vi-
enna—on the contrary, he became one
of the most skillful operators with the
knife in Europe—but he always de-
tested the Idea of sinking the steel Into
the soft, quivering flesh of the little
ones and was ever studying a plan to
obviate the necessity of doing that
which was so repugnant to him nnd
bo often fatal, while being always pain-
ful and seldom successful. Out of 500
dangerous operations with the knife
performed during a certain period by
Dr. Lorenz there were but four deaths;
but in the opinion of the great hearted
lurgeon there were four too many.
Orthopedic surgery as represented by
Dr. Lorenz was slow in its develop-
ment, and it was not until about nine
years ago that he was ready to an-
nounce to the scientific world that for
the correction of certain malformations
it was destined evcntunll.v to supersede
the knife. He was ridiculed by the
most eminent surgeons of Europe, his
methods were referred to as anpther
form of massage, and, if the truth must
be told, Dr. Lorenz really lost caste In
the world of healing through his an-
nouncement. But about four years lat-
er his triumph came, ami such a tri-
umph! He had announced his inten-
tion of demonstrating to the cynics
in a manner susceptible of no doubt
the value of his method. The most
prominent medical men of Europe were
present, and most of them were as con-
fident as some of th'-m were hopeful
that his demonstration would be a fias-
co. The patient treated was afflicted
with an exceptionally aggravated case
of congenital hip malformation. Lo-
ren;! operated, and when the signifi-
cant "click" which spoke success was
heard be became in a moment the most
admired professional man in Europe.
As is well known. Lorenz's method
consists In stretching the malformed
limb until It Is placed In its socket or.
If there is no socket or th> so' k< t Is too
small, of putting the upper extremity
of the femur where It ought to he, when
humane nature proceeds to do her por-
tion of the work by furnishing th^t
wh'ch Is needed.
Physical strength Is an Important ele-
&
4-^ ,
ir.'t
i
ment of Dr. Lorenz's success. He Is
powerful man, standing more than fi
fce| ;s Indies In his slocking feel, and
frc'iuenl • :> 11 - upon Ills great strength
whll" performing Ills operations have
enabled him to apply that strength In
so e\<n a. manner ns to make success-
ful many a case which In the hands of
a weaker man would prove, temporarily
at least, a failure.
Dr. Lorenz's wi Igiit Is In the neigh-
borhood of 240 pound?, lint ii " lie Is so
tall lie Is In no sense corpulent. Thor-
oughly self eon I a I nod a lid with a nerve
of stool, ihl: physical and Intellectual
giant Is as active and as keen In walk
and gesture as any man weighing 100
pounds less.
IPH If one would fully appreciate the
nobility of Loh'ii/.'s i haiiietei he must
hoar him utter louder sentiments about
children and tin It motheis, must so"
the tire ey-i kindle arid I'm- benign flion
light up a lie toll;, of til Joy whit h lias
so often In • ii his when lie has been • li-
able I to return to loving parents In
place of tie unloi' uii.ite, misshapen
creature conlbP d to him a normal
chilil In the full possession of all lis
faculties and In perfect control of all
its functions As the great surgeon
hint!' If puts It: "I love little children,
and they he ■ iii". You should see the
llt.ll' pale face;, when they know that
help has reaeliod th'*m. And the moth-
ers - a h,
them!"
Wil h
surgery
i como u
• bat
mi mory I have of
his knowledge of orthopedic
]ir Lorenz might easily be-
multlmllllonalre, even though
A TOUR OF THE WORLD.
Every Kaffir In Cape folony must j years a Raptlst minister at fan ton, O.,
pay a labor tax of 10 shillings a year has resigned his charge to become an
unless he can prove that he has worked auctioneer.
for three months of the year. i President Schurman contemplates the
at Cornell and suggests that It be
named after Ooldwln Smith, whom he
calls "the most illustrious exponent of
liberal culture who ever sat in the Cor-
nell faculty."
It Is stated that from the mouth to
Govanus Myers, for seventeen 1 erection of a new hall of the liberal arts j the source of the Ithlne 725 castles, for-
th- whole forming a monastic republic
Ilciru In the dmn'r ns of tli" sultan, to whom
it oy are tributary. The yearly tribute
electrical power Is no barrier to the On the east point of the sacred Mount they |.iy to Abdul iiarnidI Is ly no
California electrician. Sari Jose has Athos, on the Turkish peninsula fhnlkl- j ni-ans a sirm • ' '
Just been equipped with a system of , dike, Is a settlement of 6,000 monks j tly met. bv the t"pu > < • .
electric lighting the current for which | scattered among twenty ' ta Italy the pr o> o
morly the homes of warlike chl«*fs, are | Is carried for a distance of 173 miles,
to I," found overlooking Its waters. ! from a point In the heart of the HP
The problem of the conveyance of Nevada mountain
electrical power Is no barrier to the
Calif
Jtut
he should freely Indulge bis desire to
perform operations for those who are
unable to pay and have therefore set-'
tied Into a dogged conviction of hope-
lessness with reference to their loved
ones. Hut In order to accumulate great
! wealth It would be necessary to with-
1 hold us much lis possible of his meth-
ods from the world. This Dr. Lorenz
Is unwilling to do. It Is not his atnbl-
tlon to prollt by his skill In tho way el
lie r of money or fame. His reward, as
he often declares, Is found In the knowl-
I'dge that he Is enabled to do much to
alleviate the sufferings of humanity.
Therefore. Instead of making a mystery
of the means by which he accomplishes
nn Ii marvelous results. Professor Lo-
ren/. devotes ns much of his time as
possible to the elucidation of those
methods by giving clinics to which sur-
geons are Invited. This great man haa
P it. America, but his work will go on
here, for he has left behind him a num-
ber or eminent medical men who hava
thoroughly mastered his methods.
nr. Lorenz Is not a child of luxury.
Ills forty-eight years of llfa have rep-
resented nearly that number of cycles
of hard work. As a boy It Is related
that while ho guided the plow on his
father's farm near Vienna with ona
hand lie held a medical book In tha
other nnd In this way laid the founda-
tion for the magnincent store of knowl.
edge which was destined later to make
hi to the most conspicuous figure la
what Is generally conceded to ba tha
world's noblest profession.
EJL.BBRT O, WOODSON.
duced 50 per cent by tha government,
whose monopoly It is.
Quails are now said to be extinct In
Ireland, where they wera formerly to
be found In great numbers.
More than a million Uvea hava baa*
lost by earthquake tm tha last century.
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Park, Milton. The Southern Mercury. (Dallas, Tex.), Vol. 23, No. 1, Ed. 1 Thursday, January 1, 1903, newspaper, January 1, 1903; (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth185981/m1/7/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; .