The Alto Herald (Alto, Tex.), Vol. 48, No. 51, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 26, 1949 Page: 10 of 11
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WffKL/ NEWS 4N4LY5/S
- RG^DS^Ffry^
Russian [Motives Puzzte Oiptoms-
As Ber!in Btockade Comes to End!
U.S. Spending Wide!y Criticized
Attantic Pact Combed
'TERSE, urgent questions affect-
^ ing our hopes for peace came
boiling to the top the other day be-
hind closed doors of the senate
foreign relations committee. An-
swering them, the men who musf
implement the North Atlantic pact
were kept under steady fire for
H2 hours.
Big. bull-voiced Senator Vanden-
berg set the pace, but each senator
got a load of questions off his
chest. They combed the pact's fine
print for pitfalls and loopholes, and
searched for hidden meanings be-
tween the lines. As a result, many
tough problems were plowed up.
The chief targets in this verbal
shooting gallery were Secretary of
State Acheson, Secretary of De-
fense Johnson and ECA Ambassa-
dor Harriman. They talked bril-
liantly, but not quite enough to
please the senators.
"I can't be offhand and free
about information that involves
other countries." Acheson retorted
impatiently, when pressed for de-
tails.
Johnson also buttoned up during
a barrage of questions on atomic
energy from Senator McMahon of
Connecticut. The queries wero
based on secret information which
McMahon had learned at the Pen-
tagon, am! Johnson objected to
going into detail in front of com-
mittee clerks. This caused
McMahon to declare that he
wouldn't support the pact if he
couldn't get the information he
wanted.
"If the price of the senator's
vote," bristled Johnson, "is my vio-
lation of what I consider the secur- ;
ity of the nation, then we may have
to forego the senator's vote."
Senate Stairs Steep
To add to the turmoil, the meet- j
ing was interrupted 13 times by
roll-call votes on the senate floor.
This kept the senators straggling
up and down stairs to the senate
floor until 71-year-old Sen. George
of Georgia finally snorted in dis-
gust:
"By God, I can't go up and down
those stairs any more!"
And he quit the meeting.
Another problem was how much
to tell the press. Vandenberg was
against issuing any release until
the secretary of state formally pre-
sented the military program to
congress. The Michigan Republi-
can warned, however, that "Drew
Pearson has a dictaphone hidden
in here."
Later, chairman Tom Connally
stamped angrily into the meeting
after a trip upstairs to vote.
"Somebody has already leaked
the amount (of the proposed mili-
tary aid)," he thundered. "Some
newspapermen told me the figure
and asked if that was correct."
Following this incident, it was
agreed to release an outline of the
one billion, 130 million dollar plan
to help rearm the north Atlantic
treaty nations. Here are other high-
lights of the meeting.
Senator Vandenberg wanted to
clarify the important question of
whether the pact was just another
old-fashioned military alliance or
a genuine instrument of collective
security. He pointed out that the
U. N. charter recognizes the right
of nations to "collective self-de-
fense" in case of attack.
The charter, however, adds in
Article 51: "Measures taken by
members (of the U. N.) in the ex-
ercise of this right of self-defense
shall be immediately reported to
the security council."
Does this mean, Vandenberg
asked, that the treaty nations must
report their secret defense plans
to the security council—where Rus-
sia has easy access? This was
something none of them wanted to
do, but Senator Pepper of Florida
warned that the pact, itself, prom-
ised to abide by the N. U. charter.
Secretary Acheson explained,
however, that the only "measures"
we are obliged to report to the
security council are whatever meas-
ures may be taken jointly—after an
armed attack occurs.
0n!y Armsto Europe?
"What 1 want to know," chimed
in Utah's scholarly Sen. Elbert
Thomas, "is what do you mean by
the rearmament of Europe? One
thing Europe knows how to do is
arm. The idea of supplying arms
seems archaic unless we give them
our best bombs and techniques.
But if we do that, I am against the
whole program.
"The aim of the Atlantic pact is
to bring about an atmosphere to
make arms unnecessary. If we are
not going to teach the processes of
peace, we may as well quit now."
Another question, raised by sev-
eral senators, was whether to fur-
nish Europe with American-made
arms or help the treaty nations
manufacture their own arms. If
the United States tries to produce
all the armament needed for the
allied world, the production and
logistic problem, it was argued,
would be terrific. But. on the other
hand, plants built in Europe would
be easy prey to the Russians and
had a ready answer for this sober
question.
<rttiT<ti:s\OT!: WtiPn opinions are expressed in tht-st-coio'"'''.'.
LMsneMM'UP^rJ
BLOCKADE LIFT PREPARATIONS . . . Preparations to Ret things
ready for the Russian iift of the Berlin blockade went busily ahead as
agreements between the occupation powers fixed the time. Photos
above show workers Retting trains ready to operate under rcRUia-
tions fixed by the Soviets—ruies which will permit If! freight trains
to operate daily into the city. Efficacy of the U.S. airiift in suppiying
Bcriin with needed suppties despite the hiockade was given major
credit for the Reds' decision to end the road biock.
BfRL/N;
Up The Barriers
What had really impelled the
Russians to lift the Bcriin blockade, i
and how would the action affect }
world peace?
Those were two top questions ]
actuating western power diplomats
as a semblance of peace was re-
stored to the troubled Berlin sec-
tor of Germany and the U.S. airlift
eased off.
MANY OBSERVERS professed to
see in the Russian action proof that
the U.S. airlift operations had
shown the Soviets so decisively the
futility of maintaining the block-
ade, that even the obtuse eastern-
ers finally had seen the light.
There were others who insisted
the blockade lift decision was moti-
vated by a hope within the Kremlin
that such an action would delay
formation of a German people's
government. However, this did not
seem a tenable theory, inasmuch
as the western powers already had
declared plans to go ahead with
such a project.
Seekers of peace attempted to see
:n the decision evidence that Russia
really did not mean to make war
now and that some as-yet-obscure
motive looking toward continuation
of Red expansion without recourse
to arms was really behind the
move.
SINCE MOSCOW'S original an-
nouncement concerning the end to
the blockade, the order was broad-
ened. Restoration of "transport,
trade and communications" serv-
ices was directed.
The order permitted 16 freight
trains a day to move into Berlin,
restored highway traffic, waived
previous Soviet claims to search Al-
lied baggage, and demanded Soviet
travel permits at certain check
points. Mai) service was also to be
restored. Actually, the Soviet order
restored the Berlin situation to what
it was on March 1, 1948.
Both British and Americans
moved in reinforcements for the
small units at border points to
check papers of travelers and hotels
and rooming houses had filled with
persons waiting for the barriers to
be raised.
P4RROr.-
Pretty Smart
Lorchen the parrot is a pretty
smart bird.
HE LIVES in the Stamp & Coin
Shop on Times Square in New
York.
A customer tried to enter the
store, but found the door locked.
However, as he turned away he
heard Lorchen's insistent screams:
"Let me out! Goodbye, goodbye."
Intrigued, the customer listened
closer, heard muffled moans from
inside the shop.
He SUMMONED a building su-
perintendent who opened the door
and found Gustave Moerz, 50, the
parrot's owner and shop proprietor,
bound in a chair by tape and wire.
His mouth was taped.
Moerz told police two men broke
into the shop, tied him and took
$C44 from a safe and $100 from his
pockets.
PffK /N70 fUfURf
Nuctear Scientist Gives
Detinition ot His Kind
!n Baltimore, nuclear scien-
tist Robert D. Fowler, of Johns
Hopkins University, gave this
definition of a nuclear scientist
to a group of government offi-
cials at a symposium:
A man standing in a field in
absolute darkness with thou-
sands of baseballs on the ground
around him. Somewhere in the
field, invisible to him, is a barn
with hut one window and some
kind of animals inside.
The man picks up a ball and
throws it in any direction. If. hy
some chance, it goes through the
barn window and hits the ani-
mal, then bounces out again so
that the man can catch it in the
darkness—he attempts to iden-
tify the animal by smelling the
ball.
That is something like a
nuclear scientist practicing
nuclear science.
SPfND/NG;
Stash Urged
Suggestions that U.S. spending
might be curtailed somewhat were
coming from several quarters. Lat-
est source was President Truman's
economic advisers who held the
idea that some existing tax burdens
might be lightened and that the
administration might scale down
its call for four billion dollars in
new levies.
THE COUNCIL, of economic ad-
visers, whose function is to counsel
with the President on fiscal matters
as they affect finance and econom-
ics. was reported to feel that cur-
rent business trends justify an
early check on federal spending
that is, if the budget is to be
brought anywhere near to a bal-
ance.
It was the council's opinion that
such levies as taxes on the trans-
portation of goods add to the busi-
ness costs and consumer prices and
tmpede an orderly withdrawal from
the postwar business boom.
The council was more than cool
to any extended public works pro-
gram—indicating its opinion by re-
fraining from making any such
recommendations in its report The
advisers have consistently urged
c?! governments prepare
shelves of public-works blue-
prints for use when needed to bol-
ster employment and public pur-
chasing power.
m?ir PRESENT trend of the
national economy-which council
chairman Edwin G. Nourse called
a healthy disinflation"-,iocs n^t
warrant large-scale works spending
ss'f*' Such outlays
would make it harder to reach the
goal of lower government costs
After a White House visit, Nourse
informed newsmen that the council
expects "some further easing
living costs." Prices, heVdd
continuing downward, but "not
a demoralizing basis and th^e i<
=or Boys & Girts
In the year lP17-fw<rcs for last
ver :"t y-t avnitabte-Na-
innal Safe-.v ('..unci fibres
s! d thnt'7.!M persons
,^,,f 15 and 24 were hilled,
' h!i' ' lie art'idents on Amcrt- j
)„' s t.,1 g.rK "J""
group were injured tn highway
' ACCllll'-XT REPORTS tr^n 23
stnt..; l^'y<:!rdis<l..scd that-'
,, , < ent of all drivers involved m
accidents - or nearly one out of
—wrcundcr2:'y'nrs"f age.
That was an appalling t"H of the
nntu n's vouths and something. it
iptioar. fh should 1-e done about 't.
Nov. something was being done
a! nut it The Inter industry lugh-
v, <v ifety committee had come
up* with a pr-nram designed to
enlist the aid of y.uth itself in cut-
ting dnwn highway accidents and
fata!iti< - among the nation s youth.
'Die program is one of education
which w.mld tend to encourage
greater responsibility on the part
of voungcr drivers when using the
family car. I'l.-gr.'in material now
is being districted to national
organizations which agree to help
sponsor the movement. The pro-
gram is centered around drivers
15 to 25 years of age.
CHIEF INTEREST-and-coopera-
tion-getter in the program are
"m a n -1 o - m a n" and "Dad-to-
Daughtcr" agreement cards. The
agreements arc for the signature
of eligibte sons and daughters with
their fathers, and outline eight
good driving practices which the
young drivers agree tn observe
while using the family car.
AH state and local public sup-
port organizations were urged to
take advantage of this opportunity
to help reduce highway traffic ac-
cidents involving youngsters.
Tii'ise interested were directed
to v.Tite: Inter-Industry highway
safety committee. 1021! 17th street,
N. W., Washington 6, D. C.
WHFA7* V/fLD-
Neor Record Crop
With wheat surplus already
straining grower and governmental
ingenuity in housing it, word was
:hatthe United States may ap-
proach a new crop record during
the new season. Farmers, already
off to a good start, were not sur-
prised at a U.S. department of
agriculture estimate of more than
a billion, 21 million bushels from
the winter-wheat crop. That esti-
mate was nearly two million
several weeks ago.
No official forecast was given on
spring wheat, but the department
said prospects point to around 300
million bushels for that type of
wheat.
OFFICIALS indicated the tre-
mendous wheat yield will create
further surplus and might lead to
government controls designed to
cut the acreage in 1050 between 15
and 25 per cent. Controls would in-
clude planting restrictions and
possibly marketing quotas for in-
dividual farmers.
No forecasts were given on other
crops except rye, hay and southern
peaches Rut the department said
reports from various parts of the
country indicated progress of 1!)49
crops is encouraging. Rye produc-
tion was estimated at 22 million
bushels, second smallest acreage
in 75 years. The hay crop was put
at 101 million tons, a more than
average yield. The peach crop in
10 southeastern states was fore-
cast at approximately 15 million
bushels, about the same as last
year.
URSTi
"iron Man
o!
arc
on
no need
cellars."
to dig into the storm
hv the Wh , "fr**""-" to
,, ^h'tc Mouse stafT.
Rundles in front ,.t 11
onw .. represent
"portion of tt«-
eonditio,,-al,r^,.'!
'ernabie "iron man."
Scientist Sees Eggless, Meatless Worid
A meatless, eggless world . . .
earthenware houses . . . pyjamas
that may be eaten . atom-pow-
ered trains . . food from lumber.
All that and more is one man's pre-
diction for the future.
He is Prof. Eugene C. Rochow of
Harvard, who has been awarded a
$1,000 prize for research on sand
derivatives.
Professor Rochow indicated his
conclusions are inevitable Mm h«
sa.d, must stop eat.ng up h"'
sources and. instead t,,,n ,
i'try. That's when
"iththemeatk-'s eei<!<
animals producing them
much. Clothes he °
from synthetic' mt,[crisis'"""
-2A? *?
besieged west < nd t women
Rest nvlnu 't . L '^smthehig.
had ever se, „ London
some men u.ntcd '"eluding
'-'"--"n.nt "r stores
The !, ^i vain.
nouncedlhe ",ie 'i"^'^ 'V*
Hon that only soil'r,., didn't rnen-
issued to .aJh ',^
stores " 'be 'eading
Minorities Gave "Mandate"
*T*HE DECISION in fhe last nntion-
I al election was the result of
minority groups, of radically-dif-
fcrent interests, voting with the
normal Democratic following. On
disputed questions a minority
group supported the President be-
cause of his stand on the question
in which the members of a group
were interested, and despite his
position on other questions with
which they did not agree.
The President attracted an un-
usual number of farm votes be-
cause of his promise to continue
farm subsidies in the form of gov-
ernment price supports for farm
products. The farmer was in no
way interested in the promise to re-
peal the Taft-Hartley law. The por-
tion of the labor vote that followed
the urge of labor leaders did so be-
cause of the President's promise to
repeal Taft-Hartley, but were not
in sympathy with his farm policy
that would maintain high food
prices, against which they were
clamoring,.
Hccause of such conditions
the election could not be con-
sidered as a mandate for alt of
the Prestdcnt's policies, as
some members of his party
have claimed it to be.
Richard Nixon, a Republican,
represents the 12th California dis-
trict in congress. That district is
probably as near representative of
America, as a witole, as is any
other congressional district. Polit-
ically. it is almost equally divided
between the two major parties,
the Democratic registration show-
ing a few more than the Republi-
can. The district boundaries in-
clude a portion of Los Angeles, and
a considerable rural farm section
outside of the City. Its population
contains all classes, ranging from
workers, both organized and un-
organized, industrial managers,
bankers, professional people and a
considerable number of truck,
grain and dairy farmers.
To ascertain the wishes of his
constituents, Representative Nixon
mailed to each voter in his dis-
trict, Republican and Democratic,
a letter asking their answers to
nine fairly-stated questions. Those
i nine questions covered the proposi-
tions, up to then introduced into
! the congress, on which some mem-
bers of the President's party
claimcd he had a mandate from tha
people in the November election.
To those letters Nixon re-
ceived a total of more than
26,000 replies, and to no one of
the nine questions did the
President's program receive
a majority of the replies. Ques-
tion No. 1, for example, was:
' !)o you favor the repeat of
the Taft Hartley labor law?"
on that question 24 per cent
voted for repeal, and 71 per
cent voted against repeal. Six
per cent had no opinion. Evi-
dently from that district the
President did not have a man-
date to repeal Taft Hartley.
On the question of increasing
! taxes to the extent of $4,000,000,000
j by an increase in the income tax
i rates, better than 81 per cent voted
against an increase. The only one
of the nine questions on which the
vote was reasonably close was that
covering proposed changes in the
Social Security law. On that 48 30
per cent voted against the proposed
changes, and 44.2 voted for them,
and 0.7 per cent had no opinion.
Up to the time the letters con-
taining the nine questions had been
mailed, Me administration's farm
price support bill had not been in-
troduced in congress, and it was
not included in the list of questions.
What the response might have been
can only be guessed at.
!n the election last November
President Truman received a
larger number of votes than
any of the other candidates. A
majority favored him for the
job, but in no single instance
did a majority in that 12th
California district endorse any
of his policies as represented
in those nine questions. !t was
a majority supporting a candi-
date, but not a majority sup-
porting any one of the candi-
date's policies.
A mandate covers policies, rather
than a candidate. Whether they be
good or bad, in no single instance,
unless it be the farm program, do
the President's policies represent
the wishes of a majority of the
voters in Representative Nixon's
district. It is evident the minorities
do not agree on policies.
* < *
I watch the youth of today, and
wonder about the future. Many of
them evade the small tasks as-
signed to youth. They will not work.
hey will play when provided with
the place and tools of play. They
are drinking of the waters of
something for nothing, as are
many of their elders. Are we pro-
ducing a generation of mcndicants
who will expect the government to
Provide for them through alt of
their days? Are we inviting dis-
aster by encouraging idleness with
too much paternalism?
non-den
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F. L. Weimar & Son. The Alto Herald (Alto, Tex.), Vol. 48, No. 51, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 26, 1949, newspaper, May 26, 1949; Alto, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth215135/m1/10/: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Stella Hill Memorial Library.