Soil Survey of Runnels County, Texas Page: 4
[2] 62 [2] p., 73 folded p. of plates : ill., maps (some col.) ; 28 cm.View a full description of this book.
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reddish-yellow clay loam to silty clay loam that con-
tains many lime pebbles.
Vernon soils have a 6-inch surface layer and subsoil
of reddish-brown, very firm, calcareous clay. The sub-
soil extends to a depth of 18 inches. The substratum
is weak-red, compact shaly clay that has evident bed-
ding planes. It extends to a depth of 60 inches.
Rowena soils have a surface layer of dark grayish-
brown, calcareous heavy clay loam about 9 inches thick
and a subsoil of brown, calcareous heavy clay loam to
light clay about 38 inches thick. The substratum is pink
clay loam to silty clay loam. The upper part contains a
few weakly and strongly cemented lime concretions
and many soft powdery lime masses. The percentage
of accumulated lime decreases with increasing depth.
Most of this association is well suited to range and is
used for this purpose. About half of it is fairly well
suited to crops. Soil blowing is a slight hazard in cul-
tivated areas of Olton and Rowena soils, and water ero-
sion is a slight to moderate hazard.
5. Cobb-Winters association
Gently sloping to moderately sloping, moderately deep
to deep, loamy sodils on uplands and outwash plains
This association is in the northwestern part of the
county. The total area is about 2 percent of the county.
This association is about 25 percent Cobb soils, 25 per-
cent Winters soils, and 50 percent Miles, Latom, Ver-
non, and Potter soils. Cobb soils and the very shallow
Latom soils occupy the more sloping, higher areas. The
deep Winters and Miles soils are on lower lying areas.
The shallow to very shallow Vernon and Potter soils
are on breaks and in steep areas.
Cobb soils have a surface layer of reddish-brown, neu-
tral fine sandy loam about 18 inches thick and a subsoil
of reddish-brown to yellowish-red, neutral sandy clay
loam about 18 inches thick. The underlying material is
red and yellow sandstone.
Winters soils have a surface layer of reddish-brown
fine sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The upper part
of the subsoil is dark reddish-brown to red sandy clay
about 40 inches thick. The lower part is light reddish-
brown clay loam, is 20 inches thick, and contains soft
masses and concretions of lime. The substratum is red,
calcareous clay loam.
All of this association is well suited to range and is
used for this purpose. About half of it is suited to farm-
ing and is well suited to locally grown crops. Control-
ling soil blowing and water erosion are the main prob-
lems in clean-tilled areas.
6. Tarrant-Rough stony land association
Undulating to steep, very shallow, clayey soils and
steep, stony areas
This association occurs as two small areas of limestone
hills in the northeastern part of the county. The gradi-
ent is 2 to more than 60 percent. The total area is about
2 percent of the county.
This association is about 27 percent Tarrant soils, 20
percent Rough stony land, and 53 percent Karnes,
Winters, and Kavett soils and areas of rock outcrop.Tarrant and Kavett soils occupy the gently sloping to
steep parts of the limestone hills, and Rough stony
land and rock outcrop the steeper, more barren parts.
Karnes and Winters soils are at the base of the hills.
Tarrant soils have a 4- to 12-inch layer of dark-colored
clay over fractured limestone. The clay contains many
limestone fragments.
Rough stony land has a thin, patchy covering of soil
over limestone and chalky marl.
This association is well suited to range and wildlife
habitat. It produces a wide variety of desirable forage
for livestock and deer. Most of the acreage is used as
range. Some of the deeper, loamy soils at the base of hills
are cultivated. Controlling runoff from higher lying
areas is a problem.
7. Talpa-Kavett association
Undulating to steep, loamy and clayey soils that are very
shallow and shallow over limestone; on uplands
This association is characterized by narrow V-shaped
valleys, rolling limestone hills and rounded hilltops,
and outcrops of limestone and marl. The landscape has
a stairstep or benched appearance because the lime-
stone outcrops have been more resistant to weathering
than the marl. This association occurs east of Ballinger.
It makes up about 18 percent of the county. It is less
wooded than association 6.
This association is about 31 percent Talpa soils, 30
percent Kavett soils, and 39 percent Valera and Tobosa
soils, rock outcrops, and unclassified alluvial soils. The
very shallow Talpa soils are near limestone outcrops.
Kavett soils are farther away from the outcrops than Tal-
pa soils and are deeper over limestone. Valera and To-
bosa soils and the unclassified alluvial soils are in nar-
row valleys and drainageways.
Talpa soils have a surface layer of grayish-brown
clay loam that is less than 10 inches thick over caliche-
coated limestone. Gravel and stones are common on the
surface and throughout the surface layer.
Kavett soils have a surface layer of dark grayish-
brown, calcareous silty clay about 8 inches thick. Below
this is grayish-brown, calcareous silty clay about 8 inches
thick. This layer rests abruptly on caliche-coated lime-
stone.
Most of this association is used as native range and
is well suited to this use. About 5 percent of the asso-
ciation consists of arable soils in areas large enough
for farming. Most of the deeper soils are in long, nar-
row or irregular patterns that make the use of current
farming methods impractical.
Descriptions of the Soils
This section describes the soil series and mapping
units of Runnels County. The approximate acreage and
the proportionate extent of each mapping unit are
given in table 1.
A general description of each soil series is given, and
this is followed by brief descriptions of the mapping
units in that series. For full information on any one4
SOIL SURVEY
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Wiedenfeld, C. C.; Barnhill, L. J. & Novosad, Clifford J. Soil Survey of Runnels County, Texas, book, March 1970; Washington D.C.. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth224548/m1/8/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.