San Marcos Free Press. (San Marcos, Tex.), Vol. 7, No. 6, Ed. 1 Saturday, December 15, 1877 Page: 3 of 8
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E. JULIAN Editor. V '
PUBLISI
ED EVERY SATURDAY.
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
FtlUnr-citimt qf the Senate and Houte of Repre-
tentative1: With ircat gratitude to the bountiful
diver of pi good I congratulate you at the
beginninj of your tint regular session thut
you tindjour country blessed with wealth
and pcad and abundant harvests and with
cncouradng prospects ot an early return of
general jrospority.
THE UCIKICATION 0 THE COUNTRY
continue and until It U fully accomplish
ed mud remain the most Important of our
nationajlnterests. The earnest purpose ot
good citizens generally to unite their effort
in these endeavors la evident. It
found decided expression in the resolutions
unnouhted in 1876 by the nationtfl
conventions of the leading political parties
of the cMintry. Thore was a wldo-spread
apprehension that the momentous results
In our progress as a nation marked by the
recent amendments to theCuistltutlonwre
in Imnlnent Jeopardy; tbntthd good under-
standing which prompted their adoption in
Interest to a loyal devotion to the general
welfare might prove a barren truce.and that
the sections of the country once enguged in
civil strife might be again almost as wldoly
savarari imil riixiinited us thev were when
arrayed in arms. Tha course to be.pursuedj
as in- my juugmeut Beeiueu wiBcmi. ju buu
pressure of this emergency was plainly in-
dicated in my inaugural address. ' It point-
ed to the time which all our people desire
to see when a genuine love of our'wholo.
country and of all .that concerns its 4rue
welfare shall supplant the destructive force
of mutual animosity of races and of sec-
tional hostility. Opinions have differed
widely as to the measures best cal-
culated to secure this great end. This
was to. be expected. f The- measures
Adopted by the Administration have been
subjected to severe and varied criticism.
Any course whatever which might have been
entered upon would certainly have encoun-
tered distrust and opposition. These meas-
ures were In my judgment such as were
most in harmony with the Constitution and
with tho genius of our people and best
adapted titular all circumstances to attain
the end in view. Beneficent .results
already apparent prove that these- en-
deavors were' not to be regarded as
a mere experiment and should sus-
tain and encourage us In our efforts.
Already in the brief time which has elapsed
the immediate effectiveness no less than the
InaMnn.nf the course mirsucd. is demonstrat
ed and I have an abiding fuith that time
will furnish an ample vindication in the
minds of a great majority 01 my ieiiow-cm
zens.
"TIIE WITHDRAWAL OF TROOPS FROM THE
SOUTH.
The discontinuance of the Army for tho
purpose of upholding local governments in
two States ot the Union was no less a con-
stitutional duty and requirement under
the circumstances existing at me nine
than It was a needed measure for restora-
tion of local self-government and tho
promotion of national harmony. The
withdrawal of the troops from such
employment was offered diligently and with
solicitous care ior me peace ana goou oruer
of society and the protection of the property
and person and of every right of all Classes
of citizens. The results that have followed
are indeed sufficient and encouraging.. All
apprehension of danger from remitting
tnose Slates to toom sen-government is uis-
pellcd and a most salutary change in the
minds of the people . has begun and is in
progress in every part of that section of
country ' once the theater of unhap
py cjvil strife; substituting for
suspicion distrust and aversion concord
friendship and patriotic attachment to the
Union. No unprejudiced mind will deny
that the often fatal collisions which have for
several vears been of freouent occurrence.
and alarmed the public mind have almost
entirely ceased and that a spirit of mutu-
al forbearance and hearty national interest
has succeeded. There has been a
general re-establishment of order and of
the orderly administration of Justice;
instances of remaining lawlessness
have become ot rare occurrence;
political turmoil and turbulence have dis-
. appeared useful industries have been re-
sumed. Dublic credit in the Southern States
has been greatly strengthened
and the encouraging benefits of
. a revival of commerce be-
tween sections of the country lately embroil
ed in civil war are fully enjoyed. Such are
some of tho results already attained upon
wnicn the country is to De congratulates
luey ure oi sucu luiportuuuu wmi. mey wnj'i
with confidence patiently await the desired
consummation unit will surely come witn
the natural progress of events.
It may not be improper here to say that it
should be our fixed and unalterable deter-
mination to protect by all available and
proper means under the Constitution and
the laws
TUB LATELY EMANCIPATED RACE
in the experiment of their rights and privi-
leges and I urge upon those to whom here-
tofore the colored people have sustained the
relation of bondmen me wisdom and Jus-
tice of humane and liberal local legisla-
tion with respect to their education and
general welfare and a firm adherence to
the laws both National and State as to the
civil and political rights of the colored peo.
pie now advanced to full and equal citizen-
ship. The immediate repression and sure
puuishment lv the National and locil au-
thorities within their respective jurisdiction
of every instance of . Jawnessness
and violence ; . toward ' them' r is
required for the security alike of - both
races and is Justly demanded by the
public opinion of- the country and
of the age. In this way the restor-
ation ot harmony and goou will and the
complete protection of every citizen in the
full enjoynieulof every constitutional light
will ii.re'lv be attained. Whatever authori-
ty rests With me to this end I shall not hesi-
tate to put forth. Whatever Momrs to the
power of Conirre and the Jurisdiction of
the courts of the Union they may confident-
ly be relied upon to provide and to
perforin; and to the Legislatures
the courts and the executive
authorities of the several Slates I earnestly
apical to secure by adequate appropriate
anil reasonable means within their borders
there common and uniform rights of a
united people who love liberty abhor op-
Drawkin. and revere Justice. Theae objects
art very dear to my heart and I shall nam
earnestly strive for their attainment. The
eordial rn-operalion nf all rlae of all Mo-
tion of the country and nf both races H re-
quired for thi purpose aad with tbee
blnrinr aured and not Mberwt we
may safely hope to hand downour free In-
stitution nf (Mtternroem unimpaired to the
generations that succeed us.
THE SFM-MPTIOX Or' SrtOK PiTKEJTTV
Amonc the uh;rt of the greate and !
t general Im.r!noe to the people f I
this country I can not be mistaken I think.
In regarding at pre-eminent the policy and
measures which are designed to secure the
restoration of the currency to that normal
and healthful condition la which by the res
sumption of specie payments our Internal
trade and foreign commerce may be brought
into harmony with the system of exchanges
which is based upon the precious motuls as
tho intrlnsio money of the world. In the
public judgment that this end should be
sought aud compassed as speedily and se-
curely as the resources of the people and
the wisdom of their Government' can ac-
complish there is a muuh greater degree of
unanauimity than Is found to concur in the
specitlo measures which wlll bring the
country . to tho. daaired end i or the
rapidity of the steps by which it
can be safely reached. TTpon a m6st anxious
and doliborato examination which X have
felt It my dutv to give to the subject 1 am
the more confirmed in he opinion which I '
expressed tn accepting the nomination for
the Presidency and again upon my inaugu-
ration that the policy of resumption should
be pursued by every suitable means and
that no legislation would be wise that Should
disparage tho importance or retard the at-
tainment ot that result. I have no disposi-
tion and certainly no right to question the
sincerity or the intelligence of opposing
opinions and would neither conceal nor
undervalue the considerable difficulties and
even occasional distresses which may attend
the progress of the Nation toward this pri-
mary condition1 to'its general and perma-
nent prosperity. I must however adhere
to my most earnest convietlon that any
wavering in purpose or unsteadiness in
methods so fur from avoiding or reducing
the iuconveuience Inseparable from the
transition from an irredeemable to a re-
deemable paper currency would only tend
to increased and prolonged disturbance in
values and unless retrieved must end In
serious disorder dishonor and disaster in
the financial affairs of the Government and
of tho people. The mischiefs which I ap-
prehended and urgently deprecated are con-
fined to no class of the people indeed but
seem to me most certainly to threaten the
Industrious mosses whether their occupa?
tionsare of skilled or common labor. To
them it seems to me it is of prime Im-
portance that their labor should be com-
pensated in money which is itself fixed in
exchangeable value by being Irrevocably
measured by the labor necessary to Its pro-
duction. This permanent quality of the
money of the people is sought for and can
only be gained by the resumption of specie
payments. The rich the speculative the
operating the money-dealing classes may
not always feel the mischiefs of or may find
casual profits In a variable currency but the
misfortunes of such a currency to those who
are paid salaries or wages are Inevitable. and
remediless '
;i THE REMONETIZATION OF SILVER. !
Closely connected with this general subr
Ject of the resumption of specie payments is
one of subordinate but still of grave im-
portance. I mean the readjustment of our
coinage system by the renewal of the silver
dollar as an clement In our specie currency
endowed by legislation with the quality of
legal tender to a greater or less extent.. As
them is no doubt of the Dower of Congress
under the Constitution to coin money and
regulate the value thereof ana as tnis pow-
er covers the whole range of authority ap-
ttn..l.la 1in mntitl tha flltol t VfllllA flTIll
the legal-tender quality which shall: be
adopted for the coinage the considerations
which should induce or discourage a partic-
ular measure connected with the . coinage
belong clearly to the province of legislative
discretion ana oi puuuc expeuieucy.
Without intruding unon the province of
legislation in the least I have
vet thouirht the subiect of such critical im
portance in the actual condition of our af-
Iairs as to present an occasion ior tue exer-
cise of the duty imposed by the Constitu
tion on the. .President of recommending to
the consiUeration of congress sucn meas-
ures as he shall ludce necessary and expe
dient." Holding the oninion. as I do. that
neither the interests of the Government nor
of the people of the United States would be
promoted by disparaging silver as one of the
two precious metals wnicn lurnisn tne
coiniiL'o of tho world and that legisla
tion which shall look te maiutainingthe vol"
umo of that intrinsic money to as full a
measure of both metals as their relative com-
mercial values will permit would be neither
unjust nor inexpedient. I must ask your in-
dulgence to a brief and indefinite statement
of certain essential features in any
such legislative measures which I feel
it my duty to recommend. I do not
propose to enter the debate represented
on both sides by such able disputants in
Coma-ess and before the people and in the
press as to the extent to which the legisla
tion oi any one nation can control mis ques-
tion even within its own borders against
tne unwritten laws oi traae or tue posture
laws of other Governments. The wisdom of
Congress in shaping any particular law that
may De presentea ior my approval may
wnoiiy superseue tne necessity oi my enter-
ing into these considerations and I willing-
ly avoid either vague or intricate inquiries.
It is only certain plain and practical traits
of such legislation that I desire to recom-
mend to your attention. In any legislation
providing for a silver coinage regulating its
value and imparting to it the quality of
legal tenaer it seems to me of great impor-
tance that Congress should not lose sight of
its action as operating in a two-fold cupaei-
tv.nnil in two distinct directions. If the Unit
ed States Governmentwere free from a public
debt its legislative dealing with tne .ques-
tion of silver coinage would be purely sov-
ereign and governmentalundcr no restraints
but those of constitutional power iand the
Dublic irood as affected bv the proposed leg
islation but in the actual circumstances of
the nation with a vast public debt distrib-
uted very widely among our own citizens
and held in great. mounts:alsoabroml the
nature of the silver-coinnga measure as af-
fecting this relation of the Government to
the holders of the public debt becomes an
element in any proposed legislation of the
highest concern. The obligation of the pub-
lic faith transcends all questions of profit or
public advantage otherwise and its un-
questionable maintenance will ever be care-
iully guarded by Congress and people alike.
It can not even add to our people's sense of
this obligation .to know u they do
that such maintenance is the dictate
as well of the highest expediency
as of the most necessary duty.
tiir'pubuc iebt
of the United States to the amount of $72V
UUOmU bear interest at the rate of six per
cent.; i7tiuuiju at the rate of five per
cenu; and the only way in which the coun-
try can be relieved from the payment of
these high rales of interest is by advantage-
ously refunding the indehtednem. Wbetber
the debt is ultimately paid in gn'd or ia sil-
ver coin Is of but little moment compared
arilh t b possible reduction of Interest one-
third by refunding it at such reduced rate.
If the C'uited Mates bad the unquestionable
riirbt tn nay its bonds in silver coin the lu
ll benefit fmm that pmerwi wmrid lie
greatly overbalanced bv tne Injurious effect
of tueo pay aaent if made or propel ain(if4
tbe aonret eumielHrtw of tin uliie credit-
or. All tbe bonds that nave been ieued
since I'elHTiarr li I'd wbea rold leeme
tbe only unlimited k-pal-tender metallic
currency of tbe country are )ntlT pavable
in rM eia or ia euia it equal value. I hir-
mf toe tiae of these inrac the only dollar
that could be or was received by the Gov-
ernment In exchange for bonds was t he gold
dollar. To take In repayment any dollar of
less commercial value wouiu oe recarueu oj
them as a repudiation of the full obligation.
. ... 1 Ik. tw.wl.i lu.iH viel.P in
1878 were Issued at a time when the gold
dollar was the only coin In circulation or
eoutomplated by ' either tbe : Government or
tl.A Iwinila nl tllA (Willi with
which they were to be paid It ia far better
to pay tnese uonus m mat com man u
to take advantage of the unforeseen fall
of silver bullion by a new issue of silver
coin so much leas valuable.. The power of
the United States to coin money aud regu-
late the value thereof ought never to be ex-
ercised for the purpose of enabliug tbe Gov-
ernment to pay its. obligation in a coin of
less value than that contemplated by the
. . .L. I ... . I .l 1 ....
parties WUen WIO uuiiub woia innutm. o.uj
attempt to pay tho national Indebtedness in
m wtlnuiM nf m laJH nnmffliintlil VU I lift t hit n tllA
money of tbe world would involve a viola
tion or ne puuuc lauu aou wvi-k irrepara-
ble. Injury to the public credit. It was the
irreat merit of the act ot March. 1800. In
strengthening the publio credit that
it removed an uouuis a w mi pur-
pose of the United States to pay their
bonded debt In coin. That act was accepted
as a pledge of publio faith. The Govern-
ment has derived great benefit from It In
the progress thus far made in refunding tho
publio debt at low rates ot interest and
hnnn a wia and lust Dolicv of an exact
observance ot the public faith will enable
tne uovernment to rapiuiy reuuee iua uur-
den of interest on tne national aeot to an
.. avonaitlnir )! OOO IHM nar an-
MUWUUV UV VMfWU."n ? T" i
num. and effect an aggregate saving to the
t i J c- fUiA AAA V
unilCu Dunes ui uiuru iunu jwwiVWVw uo
tore the bunds can be fully paid. In adapt
ing mo li uw eiiver uutuugo tu iuo ui -
dinarv lines - of currency In "the
every-dfiy . transactions of .1 life n and
preserving ine quality 01 iegiu umuer iu uo
nbulnsAi1 It a AnnulilaraHnn nf tlm flrat. Im-
tiAMtania ahmilrl ha trt aft ttHlllBtthn ffltirt hflai
tween the silver and the gold coinage which
nOW CODHlllUve OUTlOUlU l!Uliouu;iiM w '
complish the desired end of maintaining the
nn...iiniAit Af tha twA matallln mirrAtinia
and keeping up the volume of the two pre-
CUIUS molHlB BB UUI mumnw lUWiiu; m.v in aa
mixed question for scientific reasoning and
klorvfisi.tl nvnnrionA. tit flHt ArTllf I1A llOW OT
by what methods a practicable equilibrium
Can MB lUHiniUUIOU. WIIIVU Will aVBClJ U"tU
metals in circulation in their appropriate
spheres of common use. An absolute equal
1 nnmmnnillll VII
fluctufttionsi is hardly attainable and with
out it an unlimited legal lunuur iui
tmnsactlons assigned to both metals would
ianA a Hriva nur: nf Ali'Atiliit.inn tho dearest
coinage and disappoint the principal object
Jiroposea oy tne legisiuuoii in ii.m
tend .tfoorcf oro that the two conditions of a
.V. . A..i.lltr nf nnmmornial Vnl-
ue between the golil and silver coinage of the
sume uenominoiion uuu ui a iiiuiimuu u.
amounts for which the silver coinage is to be
a legal tender are essential to maintaining
both in circulation. If these conditions can
be successfully observed the Issue from the
mint of .silver dollars would afford material
assistance to tho commuuity in transition to
...l..n.nnIO.n.inar mitnav. anri Wnlllrl flLCill-
tate its permanent establishment. Without
.... T . . . 1. .. . ahI. ... I .
tliese conuiuons j. ienr man 0110-
cliief and misfortune would follow from a
coinago of silver . dollars with the quality
of unlimited legal tender. Even in private
transactions any expectation of .temporary
ease ffom an issue of silvei-coinage to pass as
a legal tender at a rate materially above its
commercial value in lam persuaded a delu-
sion. Nor can I think there is any substan-
tial distinction between an original issue of
silver dollars at a nominal value materially
above their commercial value and the res-
toration of the sliver dollar at a rate which
once was but has ceased to be Its commer-
cial value. Certainly the issue of a gold
miIiimi In -fcrAlfrtit. mnt.evifLllv tltt-
low its legal-tender value would not be any
tne less a present aeoaseuieu.oi wa miugi
by reason of Its equality or even exceeding
In weight a good coinage which at some
past lime had been commercially equal
to the legal-tender value assigned to
the new Issue. 1 In recommending that the
regulation of any silver coinage which may
be authorized by Conggess should observe
these conditions of commercial value and
limited ' legal tender I am ' governed
by - thd feeling that 1 every pos-
sible '. increase should be i given to the
volume of metallic money-which can be
kept in circulation and thereby every possii
ble aid afforded to the people in the process
of securing specie payments. It is because
of my convictions that a discharge of those
conditions would frustrate the good results
which are desired from the proposed coin-
age and embarrass with new elements of
confusion and uncertainty the business of
the country that I urge upon your attention
these considerations. I respectfully rea-
omraend to Congress that in any leg-
Islatloll providing for - a silver coin-
age and impartiug to it the quality of
legal tender there be Impressed on the
measure alirm provision exempting public
debts heretofore issued' and now outstand-
ing from payment either of principal or in-
terest iu anv coinage of less value than the
present gold coinage of the country.
CIVIL 8EKVICB.. mi .!.
. Tlie organization of the Civil Service of the
country lias for a number of years attracted
more and more of public attention. So gen-
eral bus become the opinion that the methods
of admission to It and the conditions of re-
maining In it are unsound that both the
great political parties have agreed in most
explicit declarations of the necessity ot re-
form and iu the most emphatic demands for
it. I have fullv considered tho decla-
rations . and demands t' be expression
of ' the sincere 'donviotioa of the- in'
telllgcnt masses of tbe people upon tho sub-
ject and that they should be recognized and
followed by earnestvand prompt action on
the part of tbe legislative and Executive
departments of the Government In pursu-
ance of the purpose indicated. Before my
accession to office I endeavored to have my
own views distinctly understood and upon
my inauguration my accord with the public
opinion was stated in terms believed to be
plain and unambiguous. My experience in i
tbe executive duties has strongly confirmed
my belief kt the great advantage
the country would find In observing strictly
the plan of the Constitution which imposes
upon the Executive the sole duty and re-
sponsibility of the selection of those
Federal officers who by law are appointed
not elected and which in like manner as-
signs to the Senate thecomplete right to ad-
vise and consent to or reject the nomina-
tions ao made whil-t the llnuse of Hepre-
tentative stands as tbe public ocnaor of the
performance of odiciai duties with the pre-
rogative of investigation and avoiding in all
ca of dereliction. The blemishes and Im-
perfectkiM of tbeCtrll eTvlce may as I
think be traced In mot canes to the practi-
cal onnfiilon of the duties assigned to the
several depart menu of tba Government- My
purpuf-e in Ibis rrpect ha been to return
la t be avatem established by tbe fundamen-
tal law and to do this wtta tne beanie co-
opera ia aud moat cordial under-
standing with the Senate and
How of Representatives. The prac-
tical diffleulilea tn the. selection
of namermi officers fur pot of widely vary-
Ine reponii.iluies and dune art aekaowl-
edzed to l. very creal. yatem caa ha
expected to secure abaelut freedom fpma
mistakes and the beginning of an attempted
change at custom Is quite llksly to ba mors
embarrassed In this respect than any subse-
quent period. It Is hera that the Constitu-
tion seems to have the most of Its claim
to tbe great wisdom aocorded to It. It
elves to the Executive the assistance of the
knowledge and experience of tha Senate
which' when acting upon nominations as to
which they may ba disinterested and impar-
tial judges secures as strong a guaranty ot
freedom front errors ot Importance as is per-
haps possible In human altulrs. In addition
to this I recognize the publio advan
tage of making all nominations as
nearly as . possible in ; 1 person
1 . t. . .... i. a t l.rt 1 1. r f.na frnm
mere eaprloe or favor In these directions and
ill tnose omucs in wnion special vtuiuiuh m ui
greatly Increased value. 1 claim that such a
.ila n tha tAniirM of nffltui ahniilil obtain.
as may induce men of proper nualilloations
to apply themselves Industriously to the task
of becoming pirnooleiit. Bearing these
tl.l.A. In anlitil 1 kakUaa anilAKUAPAfl it PA ft II
the number of cbanges In subordinate places
usuauy maue upou mo uhhhm0 VL kowu-i
.IlHlua.ulla anil yhnll litnat nArtAilll V Mta
oporate with Congress In better systematiz-
ing by such modes and rules of admission
to the publio service and of promotion with
in It as may promise to oe most lunxmui
111 UUKHIM lllutuwR.. ..... ... 1" J
ctency and character the decisive testa in
these matters. 1 i asK me - niuuiriu.
attention of; Congress to .what has l-1
mill hnnri' dnnn bv the Civil Service
Commission I appointed - in ' pursuance
OI tne act ot vongrea uj mjr uiwwiri
to prepare and revise Civil Service rules. In
regartfto much of tbe service especially at
Washington It may be difficult to organ-
ize a better system than that which has been
provided and is now being used to a consid-
erable extent under my direction. The com-
mission has still a legal existence although
for several years no appropriation has been
made for defraying Its expenses. Relieving
that this commission has rendered valuable
agency In improving the administration of
the Civil Service I respectfully recommend
that a suitable appropriation be Immediate-
ly made to enable It to continue its services.
It is my purpose to transmit to Congress as
early as practicable a report by the Chair-
man ot tbe Commission and to ask your at'
tention to such measures on the subject as
in my opinloii: will further promote Im-
provement in the Civil Service. I. . !":.. ('!.
OUR FOKKION RKLAJTIONS .
During the past year the United State
1 .... Anntlnialf fl Mill tilt lit 11 TIAinAIIli rtila
tions with foreign powers. .The outbreak of
n i. Dtiatafn mnA TiivVAV-'thmiifn
at one time attended with grave ajpprohenT
Bluii an w i.i.i .... r." " " . .i
nations has hod no tendoncy tp disturb the
amicable relations existing nwiwi
United States and each of the contending
POWerS. I ! 'Imnnettal tinil.
An aiiuuue oi jun. .0.....
traltty has been preserved and I am grat ined
to Btate that in the midst of their hostilities
v..u .1.. 01..I Tnrlrlah fjiwemmfintl
UUIU lllv IVMOBIttU " . .11. 4
have shown an earnest desire to adhere to
the obligations 01 an treaties wiui tun uiumju
States and give due regard to the rights of
American citizens. '
By terms of the treaty denning the right
immunities nnd privileges of Consuls be-
tween Italy ftnd the United States mado In
o..k ai.i.. rLiirammnnt uftpr the laDseiof
ten years can terminate the existence
of the treaty by glviug twelve months'
notice of. its intention. Tho Government of
Italy availing itself of this faculty has
now given required notice and the treaty
will accordingly enu on me 1 1 i ui ocpiumuu.
... ... .. .. 1 .. .1 knuinv.-. t.hilt. t.llR
1010. Xu IS UHUi:iBl.oui uv".v.
Italian Government wishes to renow it in a
general scope desiring only certain mod Ilea-
uons in some 01 iw w uwwt "
.t.tj T oai.ih anrl uhall hnilR t.hllt HO Kflli
HI UUU X WUm y taist oil-.. .."i-
ous obstacles may intervene to prevent or
Numerous uestions In regard topassporU
natural ieation and exemption to military
emigrants from Germany who have returned
to ineir country. 1 : iw juun.
treaty of .February 22 .r8oS howevor
1...... 1 .Moai. tA fin an mnnlrt and SO
judicious that the legation of the-United-States
at Berlin has been able to adjust
n infMs ftvlulnor- linrtnl IT. not nu v
L uu-.i. .iAuinnt ia tl.A utnlfdhlft mlattontf
hWllUUUWUVUUUpHV W vaaw ... " ' ' . ' "
it is believed without injury or injustice to
. . 1 1 ...... nl.l.nna It ll
auiy naturauzeu araerau
desirable that the treaty originally made
with the North German Union in 1H07
shouldnow .be extended so as to apply
equally to all the States of the Empire of
uermany.
DIUIBVTWMITinV. . I
mi.. tu..i...:n t tha lovpentnnnt. nf
France to participate In the exposition of
. . 1 i. uliulM. on. I tha
tne prouuets agriuuituro wuuiiiii
fine arts to be held at Paris during the com-
ing year was submitted for your oonsidera-
ition at the extra session. It is not doubted
. . . v... .i.n T tilt.1 MtutpM. and
mut lis auueiiwiuto uj ' . -
a well selected exhibition of tbe productt cf
A.mertcan inaustry on uw u."im
tend to stimulate International commerce
1 1 .....(. 11. nil u. to nrnmoto tlie
UUU 1111111.1 nw( J ...... 1
traditional friendship between the two
countries. .. 1 1
TREATIK9 WITH OtlEAT lUUTAIX.
A question arose some time since as vt
the proper meaning of the. extradition ar
ticles 01 me lreaiy ira" u
States and Great Britain. . Both Govern-
1 .... .ma .nir In neenrrl In the
III I' II I n ilnnrivi ui u ..w ..... - - J
belief that the question Is one that should
not Ue ailOWBU to irustraui m 1-
ticc or to disturb the friendship between
i .1 . Wa ....I.... HitHmilt.v has
arisen la accomplishing the .extraditipn of
. - 1. Iu nrfilintiln
criminals wncn iiecenriii. . " r' ' j I
that the points Dl msagreemont win uuu
time be settJfd ami It need be moreexr
pllclt declaration be made In the new
treaty ''' ' J :iM'
Tue f isnery joiuuiiion uuuu
is i. i n ih Treaty of Washinirton has
concluded It session. The result of the lie-
liberations or we commission um
lie by the Commissioners will be communi-
cated to Congress. ; ' ' . . j 1.
A treaty for the protection of trademarks
ha been negotiated with Great Britain
which has been aubmittcd to the Senata for
its consideration. .
OUR KKUTIOXSWITII ar.Aiw..
n.. iii...hinii ew.w.ntlr noeiirrea in
Mexico u followed by the accession of the
successful party to power and the ttalla-
tionof It chief .General I'ortrio Wax In tbe
Presidential olHca. It has been the custom
of the United States when such change of
froverunient nave neretuiom
C. 1 . -w.ml and enter into official
relation with the de facto Govermcnt. a
soon aa it sbouiu appear w i
al of the Mexican people and should manl-
V i.i .A AUm to tha iMlllira-
teat a ospi"' - --7
tions of traaUcs and International friead-
ship. In the present cae ucn vu
recoVnltioo bat been deferred bv tbe occur-
.1 ui. i:nn.l. hnrder. las ne
ords of which have already been commun
icated to eaca noue 01
smer to their respective resolution f ln
. . 1 ....r.n. ht ten recriTtMi
w . im BULntftiun -
tha Mexican titrverament have both
the dispo-iUoa and tbe power to preyent
me aipopiutwi 1 .
and piiaiaa aart an lawful Invasion" aad
depredation. It I earae-tly U be Doped
.. ' - .aaiteanrea tn
1 1 lUL Tha beat tatereaU of both
. . i . . m. il. m.intetiaaM of DCaCC
mil nil e". ii'i"" .
00 Ike borders and the development of eoaa-
meree between the two republics. It It
gratifying to add-that thl temporary later-
runtion ot oWelal relations has not prevent-
f d due sttonrttn by tha representatives ot
the United States In Mexieo to the protec-
tion of American eltiiena as far a practica-
ble nor has It Interfered with tha prompt
payment'ef the amounts due-from Mexico
to the United States under the treaty of
July 4 MUH and awards ot the Joint Com.
mission.; WTille I do not anticipate any In
terruptton of friendly relations with Mexloo
yet I can not but - look with soma
solicitude upon a oontlnuanoe of border
disorders as exposing the two countries to
emotions of popular feeling and mischances
of acrkmi-whlch an naturally unfavorable to
complete amity wnue 1 am nrmiy aeier
mined that nothing shall be wanting on my
part to promote a good understanding be
tween tne two nations 1 yet must asx tne
attention ot Congress to actual occurrences
on the border that tha Uvea and property of
our eltlxens tnay be adequately protected
and peace preserved.
tub uuacf quebTion.
Another ysat Has naassd without bringing
to a close the protracted oontest between the
Spanish Government aiid the Insurrection-
ist in tha inland oi Cuba.. While the United
States bava sedulously abstained from inter
vontion lit this controversy. It Is Impossible.
not to leal it is auenuea uy momenta anyot
Inir Amerioan citizens. Apart .from tha
edeot'1 at .'the hostilities upon -trade be
tween the. umteq . mates ana . uuua
their1 broirress Is inevitably .. acoom
uantedo by .ooiaplalnta having more or
less foundation searches arrests embargoes
and oppressive taxes upon property of Amer
icun t residonta! and unprovoked Interfer
ences with Amerioan vessels ana commerce.
It is due to the Government of Spain to say
that do ring the past year it has promptly
disavowed and ofl'ered rcuaratlon for any
authorized acta' of unduly aealous subordi-
nates whenever such sots bava beea brought
to IU attention. Nevertheless snoh occur-
renceS' can not but tend to excite feelings
of annoyance suspicion and resentment
wnicn ara greatly to lie aeprecatea Detween
the respective subjects and citizens of the
rWQ friendly powers. ! .1 ; ' ! ( ...!
VENEZUELAN CLAIMS.
: "Much delay consequent upon the accusa-
tions of fraaul In some of the awards has
occurred (u respect to the distribu-
tion" of . the limited amounts receiv-
ed from Venezuela under the treaty
of April 25 JoOti applicable to the awards
of the Joint Commission created by that
treatyV 80 long as these matters are pend-
ing in Congress the Executive can not as-
sume either to pass upon the questions pre-
sented or distribute in fund received." It
is eminently desirable that delinlte legisla-
tive action should betaken either deciding
the- award to. be flual or providing some
method for the. re-examination of . claims.
SOUTH AMERICAN KELATIONS.
1 Our relations wltll the Republics of Cen-
tral and South America and with the Em-
pire of Brti7.ll have continued without
serious change further than the temporary
Interruption vt diplomatic intercourse with
Venezuela and1 With Guatemala. Amicable
relations 'have already been fully restored
with Venezuela and it Is not doubted that
all grounds of misunderstanding with
Guatemala will be speedily removed. From
all those countries there are favorable indi-
cations of a' disposition on the part of their
Governments and peoples to reciproeato our
efforts in direction of Increased commercial
Intercourse. ' "' '' "
TUB 8AM0AN ISLANDS.
The Government ' of the Samoan islands
has sent an envoy In the person of Its Sec-
retary of State to luvlte the Government of
the United Htatps to advise and protect
their independence to establish commercial
relations with their people and to assist
them In their steps towird responsible and
regulated governments 'The Inhabitants of
these islands having made ooimidcrablo prog-
ress In 'Christian civilization and the de-
velopment! of. trade are doubtful bf their
ubillty to malutain peace and Independence
without the aid of some stronger power.
The subject it doomed worthy iaf respectful
attention and the claims upon our assist-
unce by this distant community will be
cuvefully considered.' ' 1 ") ...'!
1. FOKKION TRADE -.
1 I The long'ommorcial depression In the
United State but directed! attention: to the
subject of the possible increase ot our for
elgn trade and the methods for Its develop
raent not pntywltb Europe but with other
countries especially with the States and
Sovereignties of the Western Hemisphere.
Instructions from the Department of State
were Issued to various diplomatic and con-
sular officers of the Government : asking
them to devoto attention UJ . the. questions
and to the methods by which trade between
the respective countries of their official resi-
dences and the United States could bo Ju-
diciously fostered. In obedienco to these
instructions examinations and reports upon
this subject have been made by innuy of these
officers and transmitted to the Department
and the same are submitted to the consider-
ation of Congress ...;-''.! u'.:i'.i. "'!!
TKEASUBEIl'S REPORT.
The annual report of tbe Secretary' of the
Treasury on the stole of the' flimnoes pre-
sents Important questions for the action of
Congress irpoiisome of which I have already
remarked. The revenue of . the Govern-
ment during the fiscal year ending June)
1877 was $amO005M6. The total expendi-
tures for the same period were ifiT8tKiO008
leaving a surplus revenue of $:iu840677.
This has substantially supplied tbe require
ment of the sinking fund for that year. Tha
estimates Of the revenue for the current fis-
cal year are 26.ywiO and the estimated
expenditures fur the some period are M2
mm. If thesd estimates prove to be
correct thore will -be a surplus revefue of
l(S0ilieV an amount nearly sufficient for
tbe sinking fund for that year. The esti-
mated revenues for tha next fiscal year are
$-.ia2.i0()uo. .
It appears from the report that during the
last fiscal year the revenue of the Govern-
ment as compared with tbe previous year
have largely decreased. The decreease
amounting to fil48M.M was mainly Iff
customs-duties caused artly by a large
f.iilnroff in the amount of Imported dutiable
goods and partly by the general fall ot price
10 tue marnei ior prouueuon 01 u arti-
cles as pay ad valorem taxes. While this
Is fult injuriously in the diminution of tha
r.vnnne. It hu been aucomoanied with a
very large Increase of exportation. The to
tal exports uu ring me last sscai year iuciuu-
Ing coin have been 1t&8.f!374j7 and the Im-
port have been 4A740 leaving a bal-
aace of trade in favor of the United (State
amounting to tbe sum of f liy5A!17 the
bene tidal effect of which exvnd to all
branches of business. .r
'- KCOXOMY tHOED. '
Tha astlmatcd raveau for the aext aseal
year will impose upon Congreas the duly of
trlctly limiting apropriailona Indudinr
the requisite sum for the maintenance nf .
tbe ainkiax fund within tbe aggrefsta eU-
mate of reeeipta. While tbe amrregat of
Uxes should not be tcrrad. amendategla
Blight be made to tbe revenue law that
would wit boat dimMtUhttnt tba rereaue.
relieveapeoplatrr.as unnrciry bnnlea.
I A tax oa tea and coffee la shown by the ex-
' pe ne oar ant aa!y af nir own wairTbitt
I otarr couuino. w -
without los by undervaluatioB nr fraud
and sanely noma la Use count ry of Brasrae-
tioa. A Ut (ln eeata a poaad a tea t
Icoxtwcko os tixrm raos.
a
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Julian, Isaac H. San Marcos Free Press. (San Marcos, Tex.), Vol. 7, No. 6, Ed. 1 Saturday, December 15, 1877, newspaper, December 15, 1877; San Marcos, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth295172/m1/3/: accessed June 23, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; .