The Cass County Sun (Linden, Tex.), Vol. 55, No. 48, Ed. 1 Monday, December 1, 1930 Page: 6 of 8
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THK CA88 COUNTY SUN
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Financiers; of freedom
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II IHII,
By ELMO SCOTT WATSON
HE names of Thaildeus
Kosciusko and Casimir
Pulaski, the two Polish
soldiers who fought in the
Revolution, are familiar to
most citizens of the Unit-
ed States, but it is doubt-
ful if the name of another
Pole, Haym Salomon,
means anything to more
[than one out of a thousand Americans.
iYet his contribution to the cause of
[American liberty may In some respects
ibe considered infinitely greater than
those of the other two combined.
The invaluable services of this Po-
lish Jew, whose financial genius was
so vital to the Revolution's success,
have always been known to the schol-
ars of that struggle, but the difficulties
of obtaining reliable information have
kept this inspiring story from the pub-
lic and the efforts which have been
made to pay appropriate tribute to
his memory have, for some unknown
reason—unless it can be attributed to
the proverbial ingratitude of republics
which so easily forget their debts to
some who labored mightily In their
cause—been defeated for more thau
a century.
fortunately for the cause of Truth
there has appeared recently a biog-
raphy of this man which enables us
to see him in his true stature as one
of the really great figures of the Rev-
olution. It is the book "Haym Salo-
mon and the Revolution," written by
Charles Edward Russell and published
by the Cosmopolitan Book corporation.
Salomon was born at Llssa in Po-
land in 1740. At the age of thirty he
joined in the fight to resist Russian
domination of Poland, was associated
'with Kosciusko and Pulaski in their
heroic but futile effort and like those
two, was forced to flee from the coun-
.try. He first made his way to Eng-
land but soon left there and came to
America, arriving in New York in 1772.
Salomon had had considerable training
in business before leaving Poland and
he quickly established himself as a
broker and commission merchant in
New York city. The opportunity lay
at hand for him to make a great for-
tune but he hindered ills chances for
that by one act. For the freedom-lov-
ing Pole almost immediately allied
himself in the strongly Royalist
colony of New York with a "dis-
reputable and discredited" organiza-
tion, called the Sons of Liberty, who as
early as 1734 had banded together to
resist oppressive acts by the British
crown.
He was a worker in their cause at
.the outbreak of the Revolution, and
late in 1770 he was one of a number
of the Sons who were imprisoned by
the British, accused of having started
the fire which swept New York soon
after the defeat of Washington's army
on Long Island led to the occupation
of that city by Lord Howe. Salomon
was lodged In the Provost and to be
held there meant certain death for
many a patriot during the reign of
Cunningham, the brutal master of the
British prisons in New York.
Among the British troops were thou-
sands of Hesslnn mercenaries who
could not speak a word of English.
When it became known that Salomon
could speak German (he was also a
master of French, Polish, Russian and
Italian), he was put In better quar-
ters and used ns an interpreter to the
Hessians by the British. Eventually
he was released on parole. Even
while a prisoner he was working In
the patriots' cause for,, unknown to
the British, iu his talks with the Hes-
sians he was urging them to desert
and pointing out to them the bound-
lew opportunities which In.v In the new
.country for them when the war was
Lower Wa.ll Street in 1797
over. More than that he was taking
advantage of the fact that was regard-
ed as a "trusty" by the British, pass-
ing by their sentries freely and going
pretty much where he pleased, to aid
in the escape of American prisoners.
After his purole, he was able again to
engage in business, using this as well
as his interpreter duties for the Brit-
ish, as a cloak for his activity in be-
half of the patriots.
For two years Salomon led a seem-
ingly peaceful existence, although
there was never a moment when his
life was not in danger of being ended
before a firing squad or at the end of
a rope if the British had suspected
what he was about. Then suddenly in
August, 1778, Sir Henry Clinton re-
ceived word that Washington was plot-
ting to burn the city, and Salomon
was arrested as the chief agent in the
plot and returned again to the Provost.
Details of this imprisonment are lack-
ing, but it is believed that he was con-
demned to death but managed to es-
cape from the prison shortly before
the day of, his execution. How he did
it is unknown, but it is believed that
he bought his way out of the prison
and then used his familiarity with
British posts and British guard meth-
ods to escape from the city.
At any rate he next appeared in
Philadelphia and there the most Im-
portant part of his career began. Al-
though he was penniless, he still had
his native energy and his knowledge
of commerce and finance. So he im-
mediately opeued an office and began
to deal in bills of exchange and other
securities. By this time France had
come into the war on the side of the
Americans and French money was
coming into the country. Philadelphia
was not only the capital of the newly-
created United States but it became a
prosperous business and shipping cen-
ter. In its prosperity Salomon shared.
But this prosperity was not shared
by the infant government, for the finan-
cial policy of the Continental congress
had been a blundering one from the
start. By 1779 It was having serious
financial difficulties. By 1780 the sit-
uation was even more critical. By
1781, with a treasury deficit of $1,(500,-
000, it was desperate. It was desper-
ate because the Revolution seemed
near to collapse. On the first day of
the new year the entire Pennsylvania
line mutinied and started from Morris-
town for Philadelphia to force con-
gress to relieve their distress. They
had not been paid for months, they
were in rags and they were half
starved. Two weeks later the New
Jersey line also revolted.
Congress managed to head off the
revolt and soon afterwards took steps
to salvage what seemed to be a lost
cause. Robert Morris, whose financial
genius Washington had discovered
early and upon whom that leader had
leaned heavily In more than one crisis,
was called to lead congress out of the
financial morass. It was a formidable
task which faced Morris In his newly-
created post of superintendent of
finance and a part of our admiration
for the men who faced the bullets and
bayonets of tile British on the battle-
field in the struggle for liberty should
be reserved for this man who fought
his fight far from the firing line and
fought It with what must have seemed
overwhelming odds against him.
He was "beset with a thousand dif-
ficulties and perils," writes Russell.
"He used up all his own credit; always
he yvus at the end of his resources,
often he was at the end of his wits.
Help from abroad came In fragments
and stowiy. When it arrived it was In
the form of bills on Paris, chiefly on
the great French banking house of La
Coulteulx and company. These reached
Morris (sometimes) from various
sources, and he must needs turn them
f"; -'
Proposed Statue of Salomon
in New York.
into current money before they could
be of use to him. He was virtually
at the mercy of brokers and yet set
agulnst thejn. The government and
the government's officers could never
go huckstering the government's bills
up and down the Coffee House. Brok-
ers were indispensable, but they were
reputed, probably not without reason,
to be cormorants; all except one."
That one was Haym Salomon. Mor-
ris' unpublished Diary, upon which
Salomon's biographer draws heavily
for his information, is filled with ref-
erences to his dealings with Salomon,
and all of them reflect the highest cred-
it upon hltn us a patriot and a man.
"One thing is made by the Diary as
plain as daylight," writes Russell.
"Haym Salomon is the pivot of the
whole business. He stands in the
breach; lie keeps buck the massed at-
tacks that make for bankruptcy; ev-
erything ' depends upon him. it Is
Haym Salomon this and Haym Salo-
mon that. On some days he makes six
or seven visits to consult with the su-
perintendent. Forty Umes, according
to the testimony of the cashier (of the
Bank of North America, which Morris
established), between August 1, 1782,
and the time Morris goes out of office,
Ilaym Salomon comes to bat with his
timely check. No matter where he
gets the money; he gets it and it Is
this money that saves the day.
It Is Impossible to estimate the full
text of Salomon's contribution to the
cause of liberty In terms of such lu-
tangibles as moral support and foster-
ing the will-to-win. But there Is a defi-
nite record of his tangible contribu-
tion, great In itself but smaller In im-
portance than the Intangible. For the
records show that Salomon advanced
In specie to Morris at various times
and in various sums a total of $211,678,
and although It can not be proved defi-
nitely that all of this was his own
money, It Is probable that most of It
was. But the main fact is that he
placed that money In Morris' hands
when It was most needed and when
few others had sufficient faith in the
cause to risk even a fraction of that
sum.
And his reward? He died January
6, 1785, when he was only forty-five
years old. There Is no doubt that the
hardships he suffered In the British
prisons and In his labors for the Con-
tinental government shortened his life.
He was supposed to be rich, but after
his death It was found that he was
virtually a bankrupt. He left a widow
and four children facing poverty. He
had given his all to the cause of lib-
erty. "He died without formulating
any claims for reimbursement for the
sums he had advanced," writes Russell.
"In the opinion of later investigators
he had entire confidence that when the
government should be established, It
would pny its obligations to him.
As for Ills "entire confidence" that
the government would pay Its obliga-
tions to him, they were never realized.
For more than 80 years his heirs tried
to get some recompense from congress
but they never succeeded. "A reuuV
lie soon forget* I"
Improved Uniform International
SimdaySchool
T LessonT
/By RICV. P R. FMTZWATBR, t>. D.. Mem-
ber of Faculty. Moody Bible Inntltute
of rhli'iufo )
((c). 1030 Weatern Ne\v«pap#r Union.I
Lesson for November 30
ZACCHAEUS THE PUBLICAN, A
BUSINESS MAN CONVERTED
t.HSSUN TKXT—I.uUe 19:1-10.
Oil I, D ION TKXT—For I ho Hon of mnn
Is mine to seek and to hiivb thai which
wuh lost.
PRIMA U Y TOPIC — A Mm. tyho
Thounht .li'Siia Would Not Cnre
JUNIOK TOPIC—A Man Who Rlnhlnd
Hid WrongN
INTKRM KIMATE AND 8ION1OR
TOPIC—How Rallslon Changes Onc'i
titfe
YOU NO PKOPL.B AND ADUI.T TOP-
IC—MnklnK Business Christian.
I. Jesus Passing Through Jericho
(v. 1).
Jericho Is noted 11s the stronghold
of the Canaunltes, which was mirac-
ulously delivered Into the hands of
Israel In response to their faith
(Josh. 6), and also for the faith of
Itahnh which saved her from destruc-
tion with the elty (Heh. 11:80.31) It
was thus noted as a city where faith
and unbelief played against each other.
It was fitting that Jesus should puss
through Jericho. Faith and unbelief
again were manifested. Two notorious
sinners, lialiah and Zacchaeus, were
saved at Jericho.
II. Zacchaeus Seeking Jesus (vv.
12-4)
1. His object (v. 3).
He sought to see who Jesus was.
Though perhaps prompted by curios-
ity, he eagerly sought Jesus.
2. His difficulties (vv. 2. 3).
(1) His Infamous business (v. 2).
He tvus a tax collector for the Ito
man government. The very fact that a
•Tew held such an office under the
hated liouiuus would make him ex-
tremely unpopular. Then, since he
fas rich, It was evident that he had
practiced extortion in collecting the
taxes. Many men and women have a
hard time in coming to Christ because
of their questionable business rela-
tions.
(2) His shortness of stature (v. 3).
He was too small to crowd Ids way
through to Jesus, and being hated by
the people they had thrust him aside.
3. His persistence (v. 4).
He run before the multitude and
climbed up into a tree. What he lacked
In stature he was determined should
be made up by the height of tiie tree.
Though Zacchaeus' legs were too short
to enable him to see Jesus they were
lung enough to run past the crowd
and enable him to climb the tree.
III. Jesus Finding Zacchaeus (vv.
5. 6).
While Zacchaeus was trying to see
Jesus. Jesus was looking for him. This
Is always the case. When desire Is
stirred up in a heart to see Jesus,
Jesus Is seeking that" one. When Jesus
saw him he commanded him to come
down from the tree and declared his
Intention to go home with hhn. Zac-
cheus got more than he expected. Jesus
called him by name. He did not utter
a word which would humiliate Zac-
chaeus. Jesus knew his heart's desire
and dealt accordingly with him. All
souls who earnestly seek Jesus shall
he found of him. How wonderful his
grace, that regardless of one's past
life. Jesus will receive him as a friend
and enter Into fellowship with him!
Zacchaeus quickly responded. He came
down and with Joy received Jesus.
IV. Zacchaeus' Conversion (vv. 7-10).
His conversion was sudden and
thorough. He was converted before he
had reached the ground.
1. What the crowd said (v. 7).
They said Just what they say today
when sinners come to Christ. They
call to mind the man's former sins.
They also reproached Christ, saying
that he hud gone to he a guest of this
notorious extortioner, the tax collector.
That for which they reproached Jesus
was his glory. Ills supreme mission
was to save sinners (v. 10).
2. What Zacchaeus said (v. 8).
His conversion was thorough. It
took hold upon his heart. His new
life began with resolution nnd restitu-
tion. He dedicated hulf of his goods
to the poor. The man who a little
while ago was a grafter was now a
generous giver. His conversion got
hold of his pocketbook. Ills determi-
nation to make restitution wherein he
had wrongly exacted taxes shows the
genuineness of his conversion. While
God forgets the past of a sinner when
he conies to Christ, the sinner who
Is converted will seek to right all
wrongs, be they unkind words or un-
righteous deeds. Sorrow for sin is not
enough when restitution Is possible.
8. What Jesus suid (vv.9,10).
"Today Is salvation come to thy
jouse." The publlcun wus now a child
of Qod, a sou of Abraham. Salvation
Is a present reality when one re-
ceives Christ.
Tt "Point- Up" App'tit*
Just Stimulate Bowels
' Whenever the end of the day fiudj
you out-of-sorts; fooil doesn't tempt
you and won't digest; breath Is bad;
tongue coated, just chow a candy
tablet before bedtime. Tomorrow
you'll be a new person!
A candy Cascaret clears up a
bilious, gassy, headachy condition
every time. Puts appetite on edge.
HeJps digestion. Activates bowels.
Cusearets are made from cus-
cara, which authorities say actmlij/
strengthens bowel muscles. So take
these delightful tablets as often as
you nlease; or give them freely to
children. All drug stores sell Cas-
carets for n dime, nnd no dollar
preparation could do better work.
ASK FOR I T
BY NAME
'.Joseph's
PURE ASPIRIN
"x\b*
WHY
PAY
MORS ?
12 TABLETS 10
36 TABLETS 25«
100 TABLETS 60o
AS PURE AS
MONEY CAN BUY
Carry Your Medicine
In Your Handbag
tal'lttj
Our Vegetable Compound la
also sold in chocolate coated tab-
lets, just as cffcctivc as the liquid
form.
Endorsed by half a million women,
this mcdiciue is particularly valuable
during the three trying periods of ma-
turity, maternity and middle age.
90 out of 100 report benefit
Ly dia E. Pinkham's
Vegetable Compound
era* tpuoowi niiewe ca un* rust
Example Is u dangerous lure:
where the wasp got through the gnat
sticks fast.—La Fontaine.
Necessity knows no law, but many
a young lawyer knows necessity.
every,
mommg?
Get poisons out of the system with
Feen-a-mlnf, the Chewing Gum Laxa-
tive. Smaller doses effective when
taken in this form. A modern, scien-
tific, family laxative. Safe and mild.
T"lltChcUf
INSIST ON
THE GENUINE
FOR CONSTIPATION
„ Tali.
Boschee's Syrup
_ and coughing stops at
_ roncc! Rclicv. iWMfeothersfail.
Contains nothing injurious—but. oh. so
effectivel GUARANTEED.
Boschee's
At all
druggists
Syrup
Bankrupt, Itnmmnge. Ilnr*nln Snip*. I .urn
l'rof I la. Wo furnish •vorythliut. ExpprlnncZ
unneri'Mnry.Stttrt In vour own homr.l><>i>t
8. Lincoln, 3453 Indiana Ave., Chlc:a*o!
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Banger, J. E. A. & Erwin, W. L. The Cass County Sun (Linden, Tex.), Vol. 55, No. 48, Ed. 1 Monday, December 1, 1930, newspaper, December 1, 1930; Linden, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth340716/m1/6/: accessed July 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Atlanta Public Library.