Polk County Enterprise (Livingston, Tex.), Vol. 4, No. 11, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 5, 1907 Page: 3 of 8
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MESSAGE SENT
TO CONGRESS
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•;
President’s Recommen-
dations on National
Legislation.
AS TO CURRENCY QUESTION
m
Many Defects of Present System
Are Pointed Out by Chief
Executive.
gfe
NOT TIME FOR TARIFF
, ■
lil
PoBtponoment of Discussion of Re-
vision of Schedules Until After
Presidential Election Urged — Ne-
cessity for Improving Waterways of
the Country.
r
*
Washington, Doc. 8.—President Roose-
IHCi.:' roll In his annual message dials vigor-
ously with matters of national impor-
tance, Referring to tho recent disturb-
ance in financial circles ho points out
that tho hoarding of money by the peo-
ple, Instead of keeping It In sound banks,
.was the first cause of financial stringency
am! a grave error. He pays n tribute to
the general honesty of the men engaged
In the banking business.
After quotations from his lust annual
message which dealt with the necessity
of governmental regulations, the presi-
dent assorts that hie views have In no
way changed and declares It is the duty
of the national government to embody
In action the principles lie then expressed.
Disclaiming any Idea of advocating cen-
tralization the president Insists upon the
necessity for federal control of the rail-
roads of tho country through the Inter-
state commerce commission, and also
urges legislation looking to the proper
K control of the great business concerns en-
raged In Interstate business, this control
to be exercised for their own benefit and
prosperity no less than for the protection
of Investors and of the general public.
Wauls Federal Control.
Declaring that modern Industrial con-
ditions are such that combination Is not
only necessary but Inevitable, the presi-
dent refers to his message of a year ago
concerning necessary changes In the
antitrust laws. Ho goes on: "l ask for
full power to be given tho federal
government, because no single state
can by legislation effectually cope
with these powerful corporations en-
gaged In Interstate commerce, and, while
doing them full Justtcte, exact from them
In return full Justice to others. The con-
ditions of railroad activity, the condi-
tions of our Immense Interstate com-
merce, are such as to make the central
government alone competent to exercise
full supervision and control.
'Tho antitrust law should be made both
tnoro efficient and more In harmony with
actual conditions. It should be so amend-
ed as to forbid only the kind of combina-
tion which doe# harm to the general pub-
lic, such amendment to he accompanied
by, or to be an Incident of, a grant of su-
pervisory power to the government over
these big corporations engaged In inter-
state business. This should be accom-
panied by provision for the compulsory
publication of accounts and tho subjec-
tion of books and papers to the Inspec-
tion of the government officials. A be-
ginning has already been made for such
supervision by the establishment of the
bureau of corporations.
“Among the points to be aimed at
should be the prohibition of unhealthy
competition, such as by rendering service
at. an Actual loss for the purpose of crush-
ing out competition, the prevention of In-
flation of capital, and the prohibition of
a corporation’s making exclusive trade
with Itself a condition of having any
trade with Itself. Reasonable agreements
between, or combinations of, corporations
should be permitted, provided they are
first submitted to and approved by some
appropriate government body.
bike National Ilunk Supervision.
“The congress has the power to charter
corporations to engage In Interstate and
foreign commerce, and a general law can
be enacted under tha provisions of which
existing corporations could take out fed-
eral charters and new federal corpora-
tions could be created. An essential pro-
vision of such a law should be a method
of predetermining by some federal board
or commission whether the applicant for
s. federal charter was an association or
combination within the restrictions of the
federal law. The supervision established
might be analogous to that now exercised
over national banks. At least, the anti-
trust act should be supplemented by spe-
olflc prohibitions of the methods whiah ex-
perience has shown have been of most
service in enabling monopolistic combina-
tions to crush out competition. The, real
owners of a corporation should be com-
pelled to do business in their own name.
The right to hold stock in other corpora-
tions should hereafter be denied to inter-
state corporations, unless on approval by
the proper government officials, and a
prerequisite to such approval should be
the listing with the government of all
owners and stockholders, both by the
corporation owning such stock and by
the corporation in which such stock Is
HHij owned.”
After calling attention to the benefits
which the legislation he urges would
confer upon the country, the president
says: “Those who fear, from any rea-
son, the extension of federal activity will
do well to study the history not only of
the national banking act, but of the pure-
food law, and notably the moat inspec-
tion law recently enacted. The benefit to
Interstate common carriers and business
concerns from the legislation I advocate
jwould be equally marked.
The Currency ftuMtlon.
I On the question of the currency the
president calls attention to h'.s last an-
jnual message wherein- he pointed out
that our present system is defective and
showing the need of a change. In that
"'“National banks should be permitted to
Jsalie a sy^MR proportion of their cap-
§|f'
Sts?
Bjg|
ltal in notes of a given kind, the issue to
t>e taxed at so high a rate as to drive the
notes back when not wanted in legiti-
mate trade. Tills plan would not per-
mit the issue of currency to give banks
additional prolils, but to meet the emer-
gency presented by times of stringency.
I do not say that this is the right sys-
tem. I only advance it to emphasize
my belief that there Is need for the adop-
tion -of some system which shall be au-
tomatic and open to all sound banks,
so as to avoid all possibility of discrim-
ination and favoritism. Such a plan
would tend to prevent the spasms of high
money and speculation which now ob-
tain in tho New York market; for at
present there is too much currency at
certain seasons of the year, and its ac-
cumulation at New York tempts bankers
to lend it at low rates for speculative
purposes; whereas at other times when
the crops are being moved there is ur-
gent need for a large but temporary In-
crease In the currency supply. It must
never be forgotten that this question
concerns business men generally quite
as much as bankers; especially is this
true of stockmen, farmers and business
men In the west; for at present at certain
seasons of the year the difference in in-
terest rates between tho east and west
is from six to ten per cent., whereas in
Canada the corresponding difference Is
but two per cent. Any plan must, of
course, guard the Interests of western
and southern bankers as carefully as it
guards the Interests of New York or
Chicago bankers, and must be drawn
from tho standpoints of tho farmer and
the merchant no loss than from the
standpoints of the city banker und the
country banker.”
It epenl n Wecommen tin tint.*.
The president continues:
"I again urge on the congress tho
need of immediate attention to this
matter. We need a greater elasticity
In onr currency: provided, of course,
that we recognize tho even greater
need of a safe and secure currency.
There must always be the most rigid
examination by the nation.il authori-
ties. Provision should be made for an
emergency usirreney. The emergency
issue should, of course, lie made with
an effective guaranty, and upon condi-
tions carefully prescribed by the gov-
ernment, Such emergency Issue must
bo based on adequate securities up-
proved by the government, and must
he Issued under a heavy tax, This
would permit currency being Issued
when the demand for it was urgent,
while securing its retirement us tlie
demand fell off. It is worth Investi-
gating to determine whether officers
and director* of national banks should
ever be allowed to loan to themselves.
Trust companies should be subject to
tho same supervision as banks; legisla-
tion to this effect should be enacted for
tho District of Columbia und the terri-
tories.” •
Not Tim*- for Tariff Dlaeiisxlou.
On the subject of the tariff the presi-
dent declares himself In favor of post-
poning nil consideration of the ques-
tion until after the presidential elec-
tion. He says:
‘‘Tho Income account of the nation is
In a mom satisfactory condition. For
tho six flscal years ending with the
first of July last, the total expenditures
and revenues of the national govern-
ment, exclusive of the postal revenues
! and expenditures, were In round mint-
j tiers, revenues, $8,495,000,aoo, and ex-
penditures. $a.-7f».t?0rt. The net ex-
| eess of income over expenditures, In-
| eluding in tho latter the lifty millions
expended for the Panama canal, was
j |list,000,000 for the six yours, an
| average of about 931,000,000 a year. Tills
represents an approximation between In-
come and outgo which it would be hard
io improve. The satisfactory working of
the present tariff law has been chiefly
responsible for ibis excellent showing.
Nevertheless, there Is an evident and con-
stantly growing feeling among our peo-
ple that the time 1# rapidly approaching
when our system of revenue legislation
must ho revised.
"This country is definitely committed
to the protective system and any effort
to uproot It could not but cause wide-
spread Industrial disaster. In other
words, tho principle of tlie present tar-
iff law could not with wisdom bo
changed. Hut in a country of such
phenomenal growth us ours It is prob-
ably well that every dozen years or so
the tariff laws should be carefully
scrutinized so as to sec that no ex-
cessive or improper benefit* are con-
ferred thereby, that proper revenue, Is
provided, and that our foreign trade is
encouraged. There must always be as
a minimum a tariff which will not only
allow for tho collection of an ample
revenue but.which will at least make
good tho difference in cost of produc-
tion here and abroad; that is, the dif-
ference in tlie labor cost here and
abroad, for the well-being of the wage-
worker must ever be a cardinal point
of American policy. The sole consider-
ation should be to see that the sum
total of changes represent the public
good. Tills means that the subject can
not with wisdom be dealt with In the
year preceding a presidential election,
because as a matter of fact experience
has conclusively shown that at such a
time it is Impossible to get men to
treat It from the standpoint of tho
public good. In my Judgment the wise
time to deal with the matter is immedi-
ately after such election.”
Income and Inheritance Tax.
There has been no change in the
mind of the president concerning the
advisability of an income tax and an
inheritance tax. In the message he
says;
"When our tax taws are revised the
question of an income tax and an in-
heritance tax should receive the care-
ful attention of our legislators. In my
Judgment both of these taxes should be
part of our system of federal taxation.
I speak diffidently about the income tax
because one scheme for an income tax
was declared unconstitutional by the
supreme court; while in addition it is
a difficult tax to administer in its prac-
tical working. Nevertheless, a grad-
uated income tax of the proper type
would be a desirable feature of federal
taxation, and it is to be hoped that one
may be devised which the supreme
court will declare constitutional. The
inheritance tax, however, is both a far
better method of taxation, and far mor,
important for the purpose of having
the fortunes of the country bear in
proportion to their increase in size a
corresponding increase and burden oi
luxation. The government has the ab
solute right to decide as to the term:
upon which a man shall receive the bi
meat or devise from another, and till
oint In the devolution of property i
specially appropriate for the imposi
lion of a tax.”
Due Knforce - put of Law.
On the matter of the impartial en
forcement of the laws the message
says:
“A few years ago there was Joud
complaint that the law could not be in-
voked against wealthy offenders. There
is no such complaint now. The course
of the department of Justice during the
last few years has been such as to
make it evident that no man stands
above the law, that no corporation is
so wealthy that it cannot be held to
account. Everything that can be done
under the existing law, and with the
existing state of public opinion, which
so profoundly influences both the
courts and juries, has been done. But
the laws themselves need strengthen-
ing in more than one important point;
they should be made more definite, so
that no honest man can be led unwit-
tingly to break them, and so that the
real wrongdoer can be readily punished.
“The two great evils in the execution
of our criminal laws to-day are senti-
mentally and technically. For the lat-
ter the remedy must come from the
hands of the legislatures, the courts
and the lawyers. The other must de-
pend for its cure upon the gradual
growth of a sound public opinion which
shall insist that regard for the law and
the demands of reason shall control all
other influences and emotions in the
Jury box. Both of these evils must be
removed or public discontent with the
criminal law will continue.”
lino of Injunctions.
Referring to the question of the use and
abuse of injunctions the president de-
clares:
"Instances of abuse in Ihe granting of
injunctions in labor disputes continue to
occur, and the resentment in the minds
of those who feel that their rights are
being Invaded and their liberty of action
and of speech unwarrantably restrained
continues to grow. Much of the attack
on the use of the process of injunction is
wholly without warrant; but I am con-
strained to express the belief that for
some of It there Is warrant. This ques-
tion is becoming more and more of prime
Importance,, and unless iho courts will
themselves deal with it In effective man-
ner, it Is certain ultimately to demand
some sort of legislative action. I earnest-
ly commend to the attention of the con-
gress this matter, so that some way may
he devised which will limit the abuse of
Injunctions and protect those rights which
from lime to time it unwarrantably in-
vades.”
Among tho recommendations made In
the message are for federal Inspection of
railroads, the establishment of an em-
ployers' liability net, and for the exten-
sion of the present eight-hour law by the
government.
In Inilustrlnl IMapiilen.
The president favors compulsory In-
vestigation bv the national government
of Industrial disputes, saying:
"Strikes and lockouts, with their at-
tendant loss and suffering, continue to
Increase. For the five years ending De-
cember 31, 1905, the number of strikes
was greater than those in any previous
ten years and was double the number
In tho preceding five years. These fig-
ure* Indicate the Increasing need of
providing some machinery to deal with
this class of disturbances lu the Inter-
est alike of the employer, the employe
and tho general public. 1 renew my
previous recommendation that the con-
gress favorably consider the matter of
creating tho machinery for compulsory
Investigation of such Industrial contro-
versies! as are of sufficient magnitude
and of sufficient concern to the people
of tin* country ns u whole to warrant
the federal government In taking action."
The recent strike of the telegraphers Is
cited ns an Instance where such power
might profitably buve been used.
Child l abor Evil.
The necessity of checking tho evil of
child labor Is pointed out with much di-
rectness. On the relation between capital
and labor the president asserts thnl pub-
lic opinion must be aroused In condemna-
tion of evil practices on both sides. The
work of the department of agriculture Is
given high praise und the Importance of
the department pointed out. Cooperation
with farmers' assoc.atlons Is urged. Tho
necessity of a national system of inspec-
tion and grading of grain, to correct evils
complained of. Is also pointed out.
Nullonsl Wuter Highway*.
Showing tho necessity for tho develop-
ment of the national water highways the
message says: "Our great river systems
should be developed as national water
highways; the Mississippi, with Its trib-
utaries, standing first In Importance, and
the Columbia second, although there are
rnuny others of Importance on the Pacific,
tlie Atlantic and the gulf slopes. The na-
tional government should undertake this
work, and I hope a beginning will be
made In the present congress; and the
greatest of all our rivers, the Mississippi,
should receive especial attention. From
the great lakes to the mouth of the Mis-
sissippi there should be a deep waterway,
w'itli deep waterways leading from It to
the east and west. Such a waterway
would practically mean the extension of
our coast lino into the very heart of our
country. It would be of Incalculable ben-
efit to our people.
“As an incident to creating the deep
waterway down the Mississippi, the gov-
ernment should build along Its whole
lower length levees which, taken to-
gether with the control of the head-
waters, will at once and forever put a
complete stop to all threat of floods in
the Immensely fertile Delta region. The
territory lying adjacent to the Missis-
sippi along Us lower course will there-
by become one of the most prosperous
and populous, as It already Is one of
the most fertile, farming regions In all
the world.”
"I have appointed an Inland waterways
commission to study and outline a com-
prehensive scheme of development along
all the lines Indicated. Later I shall lay
Its report before the congress.”
Public Lauds.
Extension of the work of irrigation and
the reclamation of waste lands Is advo-
cated, together with a revision of the
present land laws in the interest of the
actual home-maker. The unlawful fenc-
ing of public lands for private grazing,
the president says, must be stopped, but
at the same time the necessity which oc-
casioned It must be provided for. Several
rdans are recommended.
Conservatism of the mineral wealth of
the country, and the necessity for the
preservation of the forests to prevent a
imber famine, are dwelt upon. Drastic
iction by the congress is urged.
Would Repeal Duty on Wood Pulp.
The president declares in favor of the
epeal -Of the duty on ,.’ood pulp, at the
ame time declaring that it should if
lossible be accompanied by an agreement
■vith Canada that there shouhTOe no ex-
>ort duty on Canadian pulp wood.
That the government should own and
mse mineral and o 1 lands is the beliei
f the president
Work on inal is declared
i be procet i nisfactory man-
ner, and figures given to substantiate the
statement.
For Postal Saving* Ranks.
On the questions of postal savings
banks and the establishment of a parcels
post system the message says:
“I commend to the favorable considera-
tion of the congress a postal savings
bank system as recommended by the
postmaster general.
“I further commend to the congress the
consideration of the postmaster general’s
recommendation for an extension of the
parcel post, especially on the rural
routes. These recommendations have
been drawn up to benefit the farmer and
the country storekeeper; otherwise I
should not favor them, for I believe that
it is good policy for our government to do
everything possible to aid the small town
and the country district. *lt is desirable
that the country merchant should not be
crushed out.”
Some form of local self-government
for Alaska is usked of the congress,
and that the rights of citizenship be
conferred upon the people of Porto
Rico.
Campaign Contributions.
The president says: “It Is well to
provide that corporations shall not con-
tribute to presidential or national cam-
paigns, and furthermore to provide for
the puhlictalon of both contributions
and expenditures. The need for col-
lecting large campaign funds would
vanish If congress provided an appro-
priation for the proper and legitimate
expenses of each of tho great national
parties, an appropriation ample enough
to meet the necessity for thorough or-
ganization and machinery, which re-
quires a large expenditure of money.
Then the stipulation should be made
that no party receiving campaign funds
from the treasury should accept more
than a fixed amount from any indi-
vidual subscriber or donor; and the
necessary publicity for receipts and ex-
penditures could without difficulty be
provided.”
The extension of the Ocean Mail act
of 1891 Is recommended as an aid to
American shipping. A subsidy for
Pacific steamers, the president thinks,
Is necessary.
That the army in (he past lias been
niggardly provided for and should be
more generously dealt with ’is dwelt
upon at length, together with recom-
mendations for future legislation.
Yearly additions to the navy are
recommended and In the president's
judgment the country should build four
battleships this year.
lteni.au for I'nelflc Cruise.
Concerning tho dispatch of tho fleet
to tho Pad lie, the president believes it
should he shifted between the two
oceans every year or two us a means of
teaching officers and men how to bundle
tho vessels In a time of war.
Although the results of The Hague
conference are declared not to have
been up to expectations, a degree of
good Ik said to have resulted, notably a
provision by which the powers taking
part In the conference agreed not to
have recourse to armed force for the
collection of debts owed to their citi-
zens by foreign countries.
The expectation of the government
is declared to be to turn over Cuba to
u government chosen by the people ol
(tie island within tho coming year.
Herman Tariff Agreement.
Concerning the tariff agreement en-
tered into with Germany, its object is
declared to have been the prevention of
u tariff war between the United States
and that country. Tho work of tho
commission which made the agreement
is praised.
The president asks for authority to
remit to China all indemnity in excess
of the sum of $11,655,492.99 and inter-
est at four per cent.
In conclusion the message congratu-
lates tho country on Un present cor-
dial relations with ull countries, par-
ticularly tho sister republics to the
south.
HAD HER PLANS WELL LAID.
William Was Not Likely to Take Vira
Away In a Hurry.
Vim, the Morses’ sable cook, an-
nounced to her mistress that she In-
tended to he married the next week,
says the Youth’s Companion. Mrs.
Morse was filled with regret. “O Vira,”
she cried, "I was afraid William would
persuade you at last! You said you’d
never leave us.”
“Why, I isn’t gwine to leabe yon,
honey,” and Vira patted the shoulder
of her young mistress In a comforting
way. "I’s Jes’ nachelly marrying dat
Willum now to keep him from pester-
ing me. He’s been roun’ too much
lately, an’ yet if 1 cas' hint off, he’ll
get Into mlxtrious comp’ny. I's mar-
rying dat boy to sahe him.”
"Yes,” said Mrs. Morse, somewhat
reassured by Vira’s tone, but slightly
bewildered, nevertheless, “I know it
will be a fine tiling for him, Vira, but
won’t he want to take you away?”
“Whar he get de money?” inquired
Vira, returning to her work of beating
eggs with renewed vigor. “I’s sabed
de money fo’ his honeymoon trip, and
I’s got his plans alj laid out fo’ him.
He’s got a ticket out yfcjjlfifydiforny an’
to bring my ole fardejfjfack eas’;an’
den I’s gwine send him'down souf fo’
my sister, an’ den up in Canady fo’
my brudder, an’ when he gets da
fam’ly all rounded up, an’ has to sup
po’t ’em mostly, you t’nlc he's gwine
be In a hurry to hab me to suppo’t,
honey?”
Left a Generous Will.
Signor Eugenio Padova’s tradespeo-
ple will bless his memory. He was a
rich Italian gentleman who lived for
many years in Paris, and has just
died, leaving an original but generous
will. He bequeaths $600 to be divided
among all the barbers who ever
shaved him at a hair-dresser’s where
ue went regularly. Every waiter who
erved him in the restaurants in which
he was accustomed to dine gets a
iegacy. He leaves money also to the j
lerks of the shops of which he was j
a regular customer, and to the serv-,
ints of the clubs to which he belonged- j
NIGH I SWEATS,
NO APPETITE,
.USED PE-RU-NA.
TllTRS. LIZ59TE LOITR, 1155 W. 13th
1V1 St., Chicago, 111., writes:
‘‘I take pleasure in writing you
these few lines, thinking there may be
other women suffering the same as I did.
“I had my complaints for over'a year,
night sweats all winter and nonppetite.
I was run-down so far that 1 had to
sit down to do my cooking, I was so
weak.
‘"1 tried many different medicines and
doctors also. Nothing seemed to do me
any good. The doctors wanted to oper-
ate on me.
“At last I wrote to Dr. Hartman. I
told him just exactly how I was, and he
told me what ailed me and how I should
take Pcruna.
“I did as he told mo for four months,
and now l am ull cured.
“No one can tell how thankful I am
to him, as 1 had given up all hopes of
over getting well again.
“I am a widow and tho mother of six
small children who depend on my sup-
port. I work all day and seldom get
tired.
“I took five bottles of Peruna in all.-
“Any woman wishing to know more
about my case may write to me and I
will gladly tell all about it.
“I thanlc Dr. Hartman for what he
has d>
•fry** uid
m sensitive ouui.
Owen Mudge was a very sensitive
man. More than once nt a harsh word
he had forsaken profitable work and
gone home for sympathy to his wife.
One morning Owen started out to help
Glenn Butler, who had bought a now
stuinp-pulling machine and v as pr0* '
paring to clear a field.
Toward noon Owen came back. Mrs.
Mudge sighed and waited sympathetic-
ally for the explanation.
“I just couldn’t stand It,” said Owen,
rubbing his jaw. “When I see that
stump-puller twist them roots out, it
reminded mo so of the times I went -
to tho dentist to get back teeth ex-
tracted. The first thing I knew I was
limp as a rag, and I just ached all
over and had to quit.”—Youth’s Com-
panion, _
At the County Fair.
“Doing a land-office business, eh?”
remarked the man from the city.
“What is that you are selling, any-
way?”
“Blessed if I know myself, boss,”
whispered the fakir at tho county
fair; “it has.zigzag lines all over it
and when a woman comes up I sell it
to her as a skirt pattern and when a
man comes up I sell it to him as a
guaranteed and genuine map of Mars."
Ask your Druggist for Allen’s Foot-Ease
“I bought Allen’s Foot-Ease recently. It
cured my corns and the burning and iteh-
ing sensation in my feet and I would not
be without it. Mrs. VV. J. Walker, Cam-
den, N. J.” 25c at nil Druggists.
Some real estate dealers waste a lot
of valuable time in trying to maka
mountains out of mole hills.
SICK HEADACHE
Positively cured by
these Little Pills.
They also relievo Dis-
tress from Dyspepsia, In-
digestion and Too Hearty
Eating. A perfect rem-
edy for Dizziness, Nau-
sea, Drowsiness, Bad
Taste in the Mouth, Coat-
ed Tongue, Pain in the
_Side, TORPID LIVER.
They regulate the Bowels. Purely Vegetable.
SMALL PILL. SMALL DOSE. SMALL PRICE,
CARTERS
llTTLE
IVER
PILLS.
Genuine Must Bear
Fac-Simile Signature
REFUSE SUBSTITUTES.
Writ, for Catalogue.
SADDLES
C. O. D. $3.50 to $56
We Wholesale
to the Farmer,
A. H. HESS & CO.
HOUSTON. - TEXAS.
Has ueen
Taken In
With Our
S30 AN KilUR
MERRY GO ROUNDS
Wo also manufacture Hazzle Dazzles. Strikers, eto.
H HB8CELBLL-8P1LLMA N CO., General Amusement
UulfUtsrs. Dept. M. South Tomowanda, N. Y.
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Manry, E. J. & West, W. L. Polk County Enterprise (Livingston, Tex.), Vol. 4, No. 11, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 5, 1907, newspaper, December 5, 1907; (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth659579/m1/3/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Livingston Municipal Library.