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Oral History Interview with Leroy Sterling, July 6, 2015

Description: Interview with Leroy Sterling, an Army veteran and educator from Bryan, Texas. In his interview, Sterling discusses his family background, living under Jim Crow segregation, segregated neighborhoods and housing, agricultural work, military service and his experience being one of the first African-American students to attend Texas A&M University.
Date: July 6, 2015
Duration: 1 hour 54 minutes 30 seconds
Creator: Sterling, Leroy & Bynum, Katherine
Partner: TCU Mary Couts Burnett Library
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Oral History Interview with Wilson, Mrs. Charles, June 6, 2015

Description: Interview with Mrs. Charles Wilson, president of the Harrison County NAACP from Marshall, Texas. In the interview, Mrs. Wilson discusses her family background, early education, living in a segregated neighborhood, and her education. She also talks about the effects of school integration, racial violence, and resistance to civil rights. Wilson also discusses her family life and work as a teacher. Finally she discusses the current state of racial equality in Marshall.
Date: June 6, 2015
Duration: 1 hour 27 minutes 59 seconds
Creator: Wilson, Mrs. Charles & Bynum, Katherine
Partner: TCU Mary Couts Burnett Library
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Oral History Interview with Rafael Torres, July 6, 2015

Description: Interview with Rafael Torres, community leader from Laredo, Texas. In the interview, Torres discusses his family background, geography and politics in Laredo, experiences in school, participating in Teacher Corps, and activism in Crystal City.
Date: July 6, 2015
Duration: 1 hour 23 minutes 56 seconds
Creator: Torres, Rafael; Enriquez, Sandra; Robles, David & Krochmal, Max
Partner: TCU Mary Couts Burnett Library
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Oral History Interview with Mildred Davis, July 6, 2015

Description: Interview with Mildred Davis, teacher from Bryan, Texas. Davis discusses her childhood, education, career, and community involvement. She also discusses the Brazos Valley African American Museum.
Date: July 6, 2015
Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes 03 seconds
Creator: Davis, Mildred & Acuña-Gurrola, Moisés
Partner: TCU Mary Couts Burnett Library
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Oral History Interview with Gilberto Torres, July 6, 2016

Description: Gilberto Torres grew up around Uvalde and the Winter Garden area. He recalled different instances of discrimination against people of Mexican descent, particular in school settings. Torres had a long career in the military and a prolonged tenure in the Uvalde County Commissioner's Court. He reminisced about his contentious relationship with other members of the court, and the sometimes heated exchanges between them.
Date: July 6, 2016
Duration: 54 minutes 29 seconds
Creator: Sinta, Vinicio; Arionus, Steve & Torres, Gilberto
Partner: TCU Mary Couts Burnett Library
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Oral History Interview with Richard Morrison, July 6, 2016

Description: Described his early childhood in a segregated Liberty, TX, his early involvement with environmental issues, his trajectory to becoming an environmental lawyer, and finally, his work as a Democratic elected official.
Date: July 6, 2016
Duration: 1 hour 14 minutes 26 seconds
Creator: Grevious, Danielle; Bobadilla, Eladio & Morrison, Richard
Partner: TCU Mary Couts Burnett Library
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Oral History Interview with I.D. Henderson, June 13, 2016

Description: I.D. Henderson, Jr. was the first Black County Commissioner of Angelina County, Texas. He served in that position from the early 1980s until the early 2000s. He was very involved in Lufkin politics and helped to improve the infrastructure of the Black Lufkin community. Mr. Henderson is also a war veteran who served in Vietnam and Korea. Mr. Henderson discussed the segregation and discrimination he witnessed from his birth in the Lufkin area in the late 1920s, his time in the military and his re… more
Date: June 6, 2016
Duration: 2 hours 36 minutes 02 seconds
Creator: Howard, Jasmin & Henderson, I.D.
Partner: TCU Mary Couts Burnett Library
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Oral History Interview with I.D. Henderson, June 10, 2016

Description: I.D. Henderson, Jr. was the first Black County Commissioner of Angelina County, Texas. He served in that position from the early 1980s until the early 2000s. He was very involved in Lufkin politics and helped to improve the infrastructure of the Black Lufkin community. Mr. Henderson is also a war veteran who served in Vietnam and Korea. Mr. Henderson discussed the segregation and discrimination he witnessed from his birth in the Lufkin area in the late 1920s, his time in the military and his re… more
Date: June 6, 2016
Duration: 1 hour 25 minutes 59 seconds
Creator: Howard, Jasmin & Henderson, I.D.
Partner: TCU Mary Couts Burnett Library
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Oral History Interview with John "Bunchy" Crear, June 6, 2016

Description: John "Bunchy" Crear was born in 1952. He grew up in Pleasantville, a predominately African American neighborhood in Houston, TX. After spending a few years in Los Angeles, California, he returned to Houston and joined the People's Party II. He discusses People's Party II's community programing and the Dowling Shootout, the Rainbow Coalition, and his later involvement in the Black Panther Party in Oakland, California. Crear also talks about the differences in racial discrimination in California … more
Date: June 6, 2016
Duration: 1 hour 45 minutes 24 seconds
Creator: Enriquez, Sandra; Rodriguez, Samantha & Crear, John
Partner: TCU Mary Couts Burnett Library
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Oral History Interview with James Josey, July 6, 2016.

Description: James Josey Sr. was born in Galveston in 1947 and grew-up in the predominately African American neighborhood located north of Broadway St. Josey Sr. came of age witnessing segregation. He attended Central High, the African American High School, served in Vietnam, and lived in Los Angeles, California for a few years before returning to island in 1991. He talks about the robust African American business sector during Jim Crow and how the national movements for Civil Rights, lead by MLK and Malcol… more
Date: July 6, 2016
Duration: 1 hour 25 minutes 05 seconds
Creator: Enriquez, Sandra; Rodriguez, Samantha & Josey Sr., James
Partner: TCU Mary Couts Burnett Library
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Oral History Interview with Cornelia Harris Banks, July 6, 2016

Description: Cornelia Harris Banks was born in Galveston in 1947.She grew up in a neighborhood on the South of Broadway, which was a mixed neighborhood. Harris Banks witnessed segregated public spaces on the Island and the integration of schools in the 1960s. She graduated from high school in 1965 and attended Pepperdine University in Los Angeles, where she remained until 1996. Upon her return to Galveston in the late 1990s, she became very involved in the community. Subsequently, Harris Banks became the fi… more
Date: July 6, 2016
Duration: 1 hour 12 minutes 32 seconds
Creator: Enriquez, Sandra; Rodriguez, Samantha & Banks, Cornelia Harris
Partner: TCU Mary Couts Burnett Library
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Oral History Interview with Gloria Rubac on June 6, 2016.

Description: Gloria Rubac was born in Oklahoma, TX. in 1946. After witnessing racial discrimination in Oklahoma throughout her youth, Rubac traveled to Houston in 1968 to teach in the Northforest School District. She became involved in the John Brown Revolutionary League, a radical white youth organization that was a part of a Rainbow Coalition with the People's Party II. Wanting to become more active in supporting Brown and Black organizations, Rubac joined the Huelga School movement as a teacher and prote… more
Date: June 6, 2016
Duration: 1 hour 33 minutes 06 seconds
Creator: Enriquez, Sandra; Rodriguez, Samantha & Rubac, Gloria
Partner: TCU Mary Couts Burnett Library
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Oral History Interview with Lilia Escajeda, July 6, 2016

Description: Lilia Escajeda was born in El Paso, Texas. She grew up between El Paso, Van Horn, and Amarillo; and she remembers going to segregated schools in Van Horn. She settled in Amarillo as an adult after her husband died, and she eventually became the first female loan-officer for any bank in Amarillo, at the Amarillo National Bank. She joined various community organizations, boards, and became both the first Mexican American women Amarillo College board member and City Commissioner (later City Counci… more
Date: July 6, 2016
Duration: 41 minutes 14 seconds
Creator: Escajeda, Lilia; Wisely, Karen & Zapata, Joel
Partner: TCU Mary Couts Burnett Library
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Oral History Interview with Dallas and Carol Pierre, June 6, 2016

Description: Dr. Pierre was born in Louisiana and moved to Port Arthur at a young age. He later moved to Lufkin, because the area lacked an African-American dentist. His wife Carol Pierre, who was born and raised in San Antonio, became a teacher in the segregated school system. Dr. Pierre quickly became active, serving on the school board as integration occurred and participating in the NAACP. He continues to operate his dentistry business in Lufkin in 2016. Dr. Pierre discusses his early life in Louisiana … more
Date: June 6, 2016
Duration: 2 hours 16 minutes 26 seconds
Creator: Dulaney, W. Marvin; May, Meredith; Howard, Jasmin; Pierre, Carol & Pierre, Dallas
Partner: TCU Mary Couts Burnett Library
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Oral History Interview with Johnnie Mae Carter, July 6, 2016

Description: Audio recording of an interview with Johnnie Mae Carter, who was born in East Texas and grew up partly in College Station, Texas, Colorado, and Slaton, Texas. While living in Slaton, Carter was not allowed to attend the local high school because she is African American. Thus, she attended Dunbar High School in Lubbock, Texas. Her family later moved to Odessa, Texas. In Odessa, Carter attended Odessa College to become a nurse. She worked several years as a nurse and also volunteered and later wo… more
Date: July 6, 2016
Duration: 45 minutes 34 seconds
Creator: Carter, Johnnie Mae & Wisely, Karen
Partner: TCU Mary Couts Burnett Library
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Oral History Interview with Pete and Jessie Mendez, June 6, 2016

Description: Pedro "Pete" Mendez was born in South Texas and arrived in the Texas Panhandle through migrant labor with his parents in the 1930s. His father died in Clarendon, TX and he was raised between Amarillo and Tucumcari, NM. He joined the Marines during WWII and served in Northern China. Upon returning, he began a small construction business and helped start the Hispanic Chamber of Commerce. He spoke on the opportunities he and other minority business owners had through government grants and contract… more
Date: June 6, 2016
Duration: 45 minutes 44 seconds
Creator: Wisely, Karen; Zapata, Joel; Mendez, Pete & Mendez, Jessie
Partner: TCU Mary Couts Burnett Library
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Oral History Interview with Joann Littleton, July 6, 2016

Description: Joann Davenport Littleton was born and raised in Crane, Texas. In Crane’s high school, Davenport Littleton became the first African American class president. Indeed, her mother was the first African American to graduate from the same high school. As a talented volleyball player, she received an academic scholarship to Angelo State University in San Angelo, Texas. Davenport Littleton did not like the athletic structure she had to adhere to and left Angelo State University after a semester. She m… more
Date: July 6, 2016
Duration: 1 hour 10 minutes 57 seconds
Creator: Zapata, Joel & Littleton, Joann
Partner: TCU Mary Couts Burnett Library
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Oral History Interview with Guessipina Bonner, June 6, 2016

Description: Dr. Bonner was born and raised in Fairfield, Texas. Her family was connected through bloodlines to a prominent white family, which helped shelter them from some of the harshness of segregation. Dr. Bonner than went to college in New Orleans, where she became active in civil rights. She moved all over the country, including California, Oregon, Massachusetts, and Washington DC. She returned to the area to take care of her parents. She revived the local NAACP and currently serves as president. She… more
Date: June 6, 2016
Duration: 1 hour 58 minutes 12 seconds
Creator: Bonner, Guessipina; Howard, Jasmin & May, Meredith
Partner: TCU Mary Couts Burnett Library
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Oral History Interview with Henry Calyen, July 7, 2016

Description: Mr. Calyen was born and raised in Conroe, Texas. He lived in a segregated neighborhood and attended Booker T. Washington schools until 1966, when he participated in "freedom of choice" and attended Conroe High School. While in high school, he participated in three marches in 1964 and 1965 to protest continued discrimination. He graduated in 1968 and enrolled in the military. He spent a year in Vietnam and then moved to New York City, where he married and spent almost thirty years as a postal ca… more
Date: July 6, 2016
Duration: 1 hour 56 minutes 56 seconds
Creator: Calyen, Henry & Howard, Jasmin
Partner: TCU Mary Couts Burnett Library
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Oral History Interview with Gonzalo Barrientos, June 6, 2016

Description: Gonzalo Barrientos discusses his life growing up in Bastrop, Texas and later serving as a Democratic State Senator representing the 14th District from 1985-2007. He was also a member of the Texas House of Representatives from Austin from 1975-1985.
Date: June 6, 2016
Duration: 1 hour 30 minutes 57 seconds
Creator: Arionus, Steve & Barrientos, Gonzalo
Partner: TCU Mary Couts Burnett Library
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Oral History Interview with Nancy Vera, July 6, 2016

Description: Nancy Vera received her degrees from Texas A&M-Corpus Christi, including her Doctorate of Education in Educational Leadership. Vera specializes in working with at-risk students who are in danger of dropping out and live in poverty. Vera is President of the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) Council No. 4444. She pioneered “Operation Right Track” a public campaign to raise awareness about gang violence, drug, and alcohol abuse. In her interview, she discussed her career as a union … more
Date: July 6, 2016
Duration: 1 hour 59 minutes 09 seconds
Creator: Acuña-Gurrola, Moisés & Vera, Nancy
Partner: TCU Mary Couts Burnett Library
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