Texas Almanac and State Industrial Guide 1914 Page: 7
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ASTRONOMICAL. 7
TIME USED IN CALENDAR.
The moon's phases are given in
"standard" or "railroad" time, and
are the same all over Texas. The
times of sunrise, sunset, moonrise
and moonset are given in "local"
or "sun" time. To get the railroad
or standard time of these risings
and settings add 4 minutes to the
tabulated time for every degree of
longitude greater than 90. Thus
the local time of sunrise on Janu-
ary 1 is 7:01; to get the railroad
time of sunrise at longitude 97
degrees add 28 minutes, getting
7:29 for the railroad time of sun-
rise at that longitude. Texas lies
between longitude 94 (Texarkana
or Beaumont) and longitude 107
(El Paso).
ECLIPSES.
In the year 1914 there will be
four eclipses, two of the sun and
two of the moon.
1. An annular eclipse of the sun
-on Feb. 24, visible only in the
southern part of the Pacific Ocean,
including Tierra del Fuego, South
Shetland Islands, New Zealand,
Society Islands and Low Archi-
pelago.
2. A partial eclipse of the moon
on March 11, visible at the begin-
ning in Europe, Africa, Atlantic
Ocean, North and South America,
and at the ending in Western Eu-
rope, Western Africa, North and
South America and the central and
eastern portions of the Pacific
Ocean. This partial eclipse will
therefore be visible all over Texas.
In standard time the eclipse be-
gins at 8:42 p.m, and ends at 11:44
p.m., the middle of the eclipse
falling at 10:13 p.m., when about
0.9 of the moon is obscured.
3. A total eclipse of the sun on
Aug. 20, the path of the total
eclipse extending from Northern
Greenland across Norway, Sweden,
Western Russia, Black Sea and
Persia to Western India. This
eclipse is invisible in Texas and is
barely visible as a very partial
eclipse in the United, States only in
the northeastern corner.
4. A partial eclipse of the moon
on Sept. 4, the beginning visible
in Western North America, the Pa-
cific Ocean, Eastern Asia and Aus-
tralia, the ending visible in the
central and western portions of the
Pacific Ocean, Asia, Australia, In-
dian Ocean and East Africa. Prac-
tically invisible in Texas, where
the eclipse begins at 5 a.m. and
the moon sets at 6:11 a.m., stand-
ard time, on Sept. 4. In Texas the
moon will therefore set before any
obscuration is noticeable, the mid-
dle of the eclipse falling at 8 a.m.
TRANSIT OF MERCURY.
Mercury will cross the sun's disc
on Nov. 7; the ingress will be visi-
ble in Western Australia, Central
and Western Asia, Europe, Africa
and South America: the egress willbe visible in Southwest Europe,
Africa, South America and in
North America with the exception
of the northwestern portion.
Central Standard Time of the
Phases.
Ingress- .......... .......3:58 a.m.
Nearest sun's center......6:03 a.m.
Sunrise ..................6:52 a.m.
Egress ................ 8:10 a.m.
*At sunrise in Texas, therefore,
Mercury will be over two-thirds
of the way across the face of the
sun, and neither the ingress nor
the middle of the transit will be
visible. The apparent diameter of
Mercury- will be about one two-
hundredth of that of the sun.
PLANETARY CONFIGURATIONS.
Mercury and Venus are best sit-
uated for observation before and
after reaching their greatest west
or east of the sun. Mars, Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are
best situated for observation be-
fore and after "opposition," when
they are to be found in that por-
tion of the sky which is opposite
the sun. When "in conjunction"
two heavenly bodies are to be
found close together in the sky.
None of the planets, therefore, is
favorably situated for observation
when "in conjunction" with the
sun.
Jan. 3--Earth nearest sun.
Jan. 5-Mars and sun in opposition.
Jan. 9-Saturn and moon in conjunction.
Jan. 11-Mars and moon in conjunction.
Jan. 12-Neptune and moon in conjunc-
tion.
Jan. 17-Neptune and sun in opposition.
Jan. 20-Jupiter and sun in conjunction.
Jan. 25--Mercury and sun in conjunction.
Jan. 25-Jupiter and moon in conjunction.
Jan. 25-Venus and moon In conjunction.
Jan. 26-Mercury and moon in conjunc-
tion.
Jan. 26-Uranus and moon in conjunction.
Jan. 28-Uranus and sun in conjunction.
Feb. 5-Saturn and moon in conjunction.
Feb. 7-Mars and moon in conjunction.
Feb. 8-Neptune and moon in conjunc-
tion.
Feb. 11-Venus and sun in conjunction.
Feb. 22-Jupiter and moon in conjunction.
Feb. 22-Mercury furthest east from sun,
18 8'.
Feb. 22-Uranus and moon in conjunction.
Feb. 24--Annular solar eclipse, invisible
in Texas.
Feb. 25-Venus and moon in conjunction.
Feb. 26-Mercury and moon in conjunc-
tion.
Mar. 4--Saturn and moon in conjunction.
Mar. 6--Mars and moon in conjunction.
Mar. 8--Neptune and moon in conjunc-
tion.
Mar. 10-Mercury and sun in conjunction.
Mar. 11-Partial lunar eclipse, visible in
Texas.
Mar. 21-Spring begins at 5 a.m.
Mar. 21-Uranus and moon in conjunction.
Mar. 22-Jupter and moon in conjunction.
Mar. 24-Mercury and moon in conjunc-
tion
Mlar. 27--Venus and moon in conjunction.
Apr. 1-Saturn and moon in conjunction.
Apr. 3-Mars and moon in conjunction.
Apr. 4-Neptune and moon in conjunc-
tion.
Apr 7-Mercury furthest west of sun,
27' 42t.
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Texas Almanac and State Industrial Guide 1914, book, January 1914; (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth117157/m1/25/: accessed May 7, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.