Texas Almanac, 1954-1955 Page: 44
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TEXAS ALMANAC-1954-1955
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o~t;Caddo Indian village. The Caddoes dwelt in
above is reproduced from a drawing by a Un
University of Texas Museum of Anthropology.
represented the cultures of the Mississippi
Valley, the wooded and open plains, the
Gulf Coast and the Rocky Mountains.
Three Indian Eras.
The story of Indians in Texas falls into
three parts: First, those who passed from
the scene before the coming of the first
white man, leaving to the archaeologist
the only evidence of existence; second,
the Indian tribes living within the pres-
ent bounds of Texas when white men
came; third, the migration into Texas
from the east by groups of Indians, driven
westward by the impact of white man's
advance from the Atlantic Seaboard, and
the decline and passing of all aboriginal
peoples.
Archaeological Research.
The importance of Texas in American
archaeology, wrote the late Prof. J. E.Indian Mound near Alto.
Indian Mound near Alto.' , :
CA>dpermanent
ited Statesabodes and tilled the soil. Picture
Army officer about 1841. Copy inPearce of the University of Texas, lies in
"(1) The fact that the state is in the
heart of a great North American triangle,
the apices of which are the culture cen-
ters of the Maya-Aztec area, the Pueblo
area and the Mound-Builder area; (2) the
evidence which it affords of the rela-
tionship between the cultures of the pro-
nounced natural environments such as
the forested areas, the coasts, the prairies
and the high plains, and (3) the inherent
value of the early Texas cultures in
themselves."
The most productive archaeological
sources probably have been the Indian
mounds found in many points in North-
east and East Texas. From the rock
middens of a wide area in the central
portion of the slate, and from the rock
shelters, have been taken similar evi-
dences. Along the Canadian River and
in the breaks of the escarpment on the
east side of the Great Plains are found
evidence of the Pueblo culture of New
Mexico.
Theories of relationship between pre-
historic East Texas Indians and the cul-
turallv advanced prehistoric peoples of
Mexico have been strengthened in recent
years through archaeological exploration,
notably that of *Dr. Alex D. Krieger of
the University of Texas.
One Indian mound on the Neches River
west of Alto, Cherokee County, yielded
96.000 polsherds, numerous other artifacts
and the remains of thirty-four pole and
thatch buildings. These explorations evi-
dence a meeting in East Texas of the pre-
historic cultures of Middle America and
those of the temple-mound builders in
the Eastern United States.
In the caves of the Big Bend region in
*An account of East Texas research is found in
a joint publication of the Society for American
Archaeology and the University of Texas, by Alex
D. Krieger and H. Perry Newell, 1949.44
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Texas Almanac, 1954-1955, book, 1953; Dallas, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth117168/m1/46/?q=waco+tornado: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.