The Abilene Reporter-News (Abilene, Tex.), Vol. 64, No. 250, Ed. 2 Thursday, March 1, 1945 Page: 6 of 14
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FAQ! SIX__
The Abilene Reporter-firtos
A TEXAS 2-4 NEWSPAPER _
'■'‘^•^^^ STERNE co :
North Second and Cypren
- Txi. sr ROMS' PI Al. tart
Tuna in on KRBC
THE ABILENE REPORTER-NEWS
Thursday Evening, March 1, 1945
Entered as Second Class Matter PL.4
1908 at the postoffice, Abilene, Texas
under the Act of March 2. 1879.-----
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The publishers are not responsible for copy omiss ons.
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other than to correct in next issue after it is brought
their attention. All advertising orders are accepted on
this basis only.___________________________
Satisfactory Progress
The richest war news sirice the Normandy
breakthrough graced the headlines of allied
newspapers yesterday, and most of it was
based on solid fact rather than optimistic
guesswork.
General Eisenhower’s expressed determi-
nation to destroy the German armies west
of the Rhine before they could get behind
that river was well along the way to reali-
zation. From 5,000 to 10,000 enemy troops
were surrendering daily, and the tough
young hooligans of the elite paratroop corps
were quitting by hundreds. The German
commander was feeding fresh troops into the
melee in driblets, and seeing them wiped out
almost as fast as they were thrown into
action.
But optimism comes easy and in spite of
magnificent progress made by allied armies
the Germans still stood and fought, and the
Rhine was yet to be reached, much less
crossed, at any vital point. What happens
on the Rhine and beyond is definitely a part
of the picture, and we would do well to wait
and see. The big consolation is that we won’t
have long to wait.
Meantime the Russians are rapidly reduc-
ing and wiping out the long arm of German
defense on their right, and threatening to
pin strong elements of the German army
against the Baltic shore. Action there as
along the Rhine resembles a German rout,
but until it becomes indeed a German rout
those who expect the war to end next week
should curb their enthusiasm. In any case
much stern fighting lies ahead.
The Wehrmacht is dying by inches, but
in its death throes it is still capable of deliv-
ering staggering blows against attackers. Un-
til it starts to die by yards and miles, by
corps and entire armies, any optimism about
victory being just around the corner of next
week is unjustified.
Germany is dying by inches, but until it
is entirely dead there will still be a shooting
war to fight
giving. They give because they want to give,
because they know how important it is in the
lives of scores of underprivileged children,
because they know a half-starved child is a
poor student through no fault of his own.
If more money were available more milk
could be given those who need it greatly,
and to other children on the borderline of
malnutrition who cannot now be accommo-
dated.
Regular givers are the backbone of the
Free Milk fund. More kind-hearted men and
women and firms who will make a regular
monthly contribution of five or ten dollars
are needed to keep the work alive, and to
broaden its scope
It isn’t charity. It is an investment in the
life and wellbeing of little boys and girls
who will be the mothers and fathers of To-
morrow.
Communist-Hunt
A house military subcommittee is conduct-
ing a hearing in Washington to determine
whether or not the war department is issu-
ing army commissions to men of the com-
munist faith.
Assistant Secretary of War John J. Mc-
Cloy, under questioning, openly confessed
that the army did, too, once have a com-
munist in its ranks. The fellow turned up in
the South Pacific, developed into a whale
of a scrapper, and bumped off so many Japs
the army made him a captain on the field
of battle. Later on, at Leyte, still fighting
like a catamount and killing Japs, the cap-
tain made the supreme sacrifice for his
country. -
Mr. McCloy said the army does not bar
communists as such, but does bar men who
believe in overthrow of the U. S. government
by violence. The 5.000 soldier-detectives
who regularly roam the earth keeping tabs
on things in general have had little trouble
with communists, but a great deal more from
men who want Hitler and Hirohito to win.
Some Americans who want no truck with
the politico-economic philosophy called com-
munism may find it a little strange for a
committee of congress to be hunting com-
munists in our army, while a communist-
built military machine on the eastern front
is saving American lives by destroying more
than its share of the Nazi military machine.
We can’t imagine pur fighting men stop-
ping in the midst of battle to conduct a
witch-hunt for a possible communist in their
ranks. So long as he gets on with the job,
which is killing Germans and Japs, he is
contributing his bit to the preservation of
democracy. His political beliefs, like his re-
ligious faith, is protected by the constitu-
tion so long as he does not advocate over-
throw of our government by force.
We want no part of communism in this
country, but as long as Russia is our friend
and stands shoulder to shoulder with us
against a common enemy we think the cease-
less effort to smear her by indirection is
contrary to the practices of good sportsman-
ship, to say the least. She can have her
communism and we will keep our democ-
racy, and the only ones who suffer from
our military cooperation will be Germany
and Japan.
"Yuh Wanna Fight?"
ON THE HOME FRONT o
. -
Washington Calling
LIFE GOES ON IN SPITE OF WAR
By MARQUIS CHILDS
PARIS — what has hit me
most, as a passerby through the
war and the devastation left
in Its wake, are the terrific con-
trasts you come upon around
every corner—the way tn which
life goes on in spite of every-
thing
That is particularly true in
Belgium and Holland, where
for centuries war has ravaged
the country and periodically
peoples have endured the tor-
ment of battle and invasion.
Belgium is in very much the
Mme plight as France, with the
government lighting to get a.
minimum of food for the people
and trying meanwhile to check
—a woman with two spaniels,
three schoolboys, a Dutch sol-
dier. all kneel before the sym- .
bols of the ancient faith
It is like a sudden glow of
light across a darkened sky.
beautiful and wonderful. If
only men in their hearts could
live by the faith which is at
the base of our society. If only
the symbols and forms could
have renewed meaning. What
other hope is there for the tor-
mented peoples of tragic Eu-
rope?
Those were the thoughts that
Investment In The Future
Best editorial in the evening edition of
the Reporter-News yesterday wasn't an edi-
torial at all but a news item. It was the best
editorial because it eloquently portrayed the
human family in its finest characterization,
that of humankindness, mercy and brotherly
concern for the welfare of others.
In this case, the “others” are hundreds of
school children in Abilene whose family
economic status does not permit them to get
enough health-giving milk at home. They
get it in grade schools, at the rate of 248
half-pints daily. The deus ex machina of
this problem in keeping underprivileged
children fit is made up of the hundreds who
regularly contribute to the Abilene Free
Milk Fund and the individuals and organi-
zations who see to it that the milk is deliv-
ered to those who need it
Not one cent of expense, except cost of
the milk, is incurred at any point. It is de-
livered to those who need it, unbeknownst
to their schoolmates, and with no tooting of
horns to advertise the fact.
The number of half-pints is limited by
the cost, which runs about $200 per month.
The Quiz Corner
Q—Did the Stilwell Road require much
excavation work?_____________________-___________
A—Engineers averaged moving 750,000
tons of rock and earth per mile, and built
1,000 feet of culvert per mile.
Q— What is Army’s new CG-15A?
A—A glider that accommodates 16 men
or two tons of equipment.
Q—What are the four tactical uses of the
rocket?
A—Air-to-air, air-to-ground, ground-to-air,
ground-to-ground.
Q—What is the "scavenger" metal which
neutralizes impurities in steel?
A—Calcium.
Q—What two famous regimental names
of World War I in the German Army are
not heard in this war?
A—Uhlans and Hussars.
the ravages of inflation.
The treater part of liberated
Holland is In the province of
Limburg, which is between the
Belgian and German borders
The population of Limburg,
similar to that of Belgium, is
devoutly Catholic.
War blankets everything, yet
the ancient pattern of existence
persists in strangely moving
fashion. It sometimes seems so
impressed themselves on me as
I watched that little procession
around the square.
By chance I came across an-
other contrast almost as strik-
The money available is limited to the volun- Acting Secretary of State Grew says the
tary contributions that pour in Like the impact of Manila’s fall will spur the Japs to
Goodfellows at Christmas, the Milk Fund bigger efforts The bigger they come, the
donors are not solicited or badgered into harder they fall.
Cautious V-P—______________________________________-
HARRY TRUMAN LEARNS A LESSON
By PETER EDSON
NEA Washington Correspondent
WASHINGTON, D C. Feb. 28
—Vice President Harry Truman,
after only a month on his new
job, to discovering that it has
.a lot more ups and downs to it
than his old job of Senator Try-
ins to be a good fellow has put
him in several embarrassing po-
sitions. That cheesecake photo-
graph, with Lau-|
ren Bacall sitting a
on the top of an 1
upright piano)
while he gazed
Into her eyes, L
brought him not
little criticism for 1
being undignifi-g
Then he went I
to an Informal!
luncheon of Cap- I
itol workers EDSON
which he used to attend more or
less regularly as a Senator saying
what he pleased without anybody
caring But the first of these ses-
sions he attended as V P be-
came a news event and a few
of the stories robbed the wrong
way. Hereafter, the Vice President
may not be so free and easy in
his ways.
STRANGE BEDFELLOWS
National Service legislation, oth-
erwise known as the work-or-else
bill has made some strange part-
ners in the line-up of supporters
and opponents. National Associa-
tion of Manufacturers and nearly
all labor unions have been' violent-
ly opposed. But National Steel In-
dustry Advisory Committee, made
up of people like Eugene Grace,
and the heads of the extreme left
wing like Harry Bridges, favor It.
Assistant Secretary of State
Archibald MacLeish is going to be
master of ceremonies at aU the
State Department’s new series of
Saturday night radio shows,
though other actors on the seven
weeks series will change from
week to week, depending on pro-
gram National Broadcasting hir-
ed Selden Menefee. Washington
free lance writer and public re-
lations counsel, to prepare the
original scrip
Menefee took a stenographer
and asked questions of State De-
partment top men cast for roles
in the series Then Menefee wove
the answers into dialog MacLeish.
who refuses to let anyone ghost
for him le rewriting much of
Menefee's script. Tentatively, this
seven-week State Deportment Sat-
urday night soap opera la to be
followed by seven weeks of Senate
Foreign Relations Committee dis-
courses, seven weeks’ House Fore-
ign Affairs’ Committee debates,
and a seven weeks windup by lead-
ing societies interested In inter-
national peace and security Big
Idea is to bring the Department
and foreign affairs closer to the
public MacLeish was chosen to
m c. the show because of his po-
sition as head of public and cul-
tural relations, also because he Is
most experienced radio performer
in the Department
WAR BITES DOG
Senator Harry Flood Byrd of
Virginia lives in Washington at
the swank Shoreham hotel and
there keeps a magnificent Great
Dane After Its evening walk with
the Senator, the dog goes into
the hotel drug store lunch coun-
ter. where a soda jerker feeds the
big animal a couple anemic, war-
time weenies. for which the Sen-
ator later pays "It helps a little,”
he says.
%* *
Congressmen are being swamp-
ed by pleas from parents of ser-
vice men, asking that their sold-
ire boys who have been overseas
for a couple of years or more be
given leaves to come home There
isn't anything the Congressmen
can do about these requests as
the soldiers are chosen by their
overseas commanders. But the
volume of this and other O. I.
Bill of Rights mail has forced
some Congressmen to put on an
extra secretary to handle veter-
ans affairs exclusively.
On his trip to Russia and China
last year, Henry Wallace thought
he was so healthy that he would-
n't have to wear an oxygen mask
on hops over the higher moun-
tains as required by Army Air
Transport Command regulations
Twice the then-Vice President
refused pilots orders to don his
mask The third time the pilot
came back to give his order he
hsd better luck, for the Vice
President had all but passed out
and was powerless to resist the
pilot who slipped the mask in
place and gave him a good whiff
After that, Wallace wore the mask
without protest.
theatrical as to be unreal.
PICTURE or A
DUTCH TOWN
Here is a Dutch town with a
17th century cathedral and
cathedral square All around
the square are trucks, tanks,
jeeps, command cars—a myriad
of vehicles for waging motor-
ized war. In the cetner of the
square is an anti-aircraft gun
with Its gunner standing by
Out of the cathedral, on len-
ten holy day, comes a priest- in
in his vestments, preceded by an
acolyte with censer They walk
slowly around the square.
Townspeople they meet drop to
their knees in the muddy street
Ing At a dinner party in Paris
I found an island or luxury
that had miraculously escaped
the war—the occupation, the
liberation, everything. It was as
though a spell had been put on
it to preserve it intact.
In the drawing room of our
French host were two rem-
bandts hanging on either side
of the fireplace in the same
place they have occupied for
years. Flowers were everywhere
—great bouquets of white lilacs
and sprays of cherry blossom
A French guest whispered that
the flowers could have cost not
less than *300
The five-course dinner with
suberb wines could not have
been excelled anywhere in the
world Three footmen waited
on the small party. The host
murmured that of course such a
dinner would be impossible if it
were not for his two farms
A great deal of the conver-
sation was concerned with the
peril to France from the ex-
treme left elements within the .
country. The guests bore distin-
guished names, and, no one
questioned the right of the host
to have survived five years of
destruction and plunder so suc-
cessfully.
ISLAND OF SMUGNESS
I speak of this only because,
in miserable Paris, it was such
an extraordinary phenomenon
It was fantastic to come sud-
denly on this small island that
had apparently been untouch-
ed by the swirling flood of war.
It seemed to me to illustrate
the complexity of a civilization
that has survived so much. Old
and new, past, present and fu-
ture. are all inextricably mixed
together. It is hard to see bow
any one system or any single
formula can be laid down for
the solution of the ills of France
and the rest of Europe
As I leave France at the end
of an all too brief stay, one of
the strongest impressions I have
is how little. In some respects,
the war seems to have altered
the basic situation here. The
problems faced by the De Gaulle
government are similar in kind
to those faced by the govern-
ment of Daladier at the out-
break of war.
Three million Frenchmen are
still in Germany, either prison-
en of war or part of slave labor
battalions. Perhaps when they
return they will resolve the is-
sues now in doubt. Or perhaps
the end of the war itself will
make a new beginning possi-
ble
For the time being, however,
you have the sense of a world
suspended between yesterday,
with its known evils and tomor-
row, with its uncertainties
(Copyright IMS by United
Feature Syndicate. Inc.)
(Editors Note: This is the 10th
of 12 stories explaining who has
to do what about his income
taxes)
By JAMES MARLOW
WASHINGTON, March 1—(P)
The procedure in making out a
1944 income tax return on the
1040 long-form Is simple enough.
But remember three things be-
fore you start.
1. You’ll need pencil and paper
—a worksheet - for the arith-
metic before you fill in the spaces.
2 You'll need the instruction
sheet that goes with the long-
form. You'll find your tax on the
back where the surtaxes and sur-
tax brackets are listed
1. If your income is $5,000 or
over, you get a standard deduc-
tion of $500 for deductible ex-
penses. You don't itemize unless
you want more than $500. Then
itemize on Page 4.
% * -
From here on we’ll do the step-
by-step job of making out the
long form. If you check It on a
piece of paper as we go along it
may help you in doing your own
tax piece. You can follow the
steps and later substitute your
own income, deductions, exemp-
tions, and so on.
Stept 1. Write down your total
income. Say it’s $5,800.
Step 2. You’re taking the stand-
ard $500 deduction. Write that
under the $5,800. .
Step 3. Substract the $500 from
the $5,800. That leaves you $5,-
300. That $5,300 in the third
step is important. It’s called your
net income.
Step. 4. Under that $5,300 write
the total or your surtax exemp-
tions. In this case let us say
you write down $1,500 because
you’re claiming a surtax exemp-
tion of $500 each for yourself, wife
and child. You always get a $500
surtax for yourself. $500 for each
dependent, and $500 for your wife
if she has no income.
Stept 5. Here you write the re-
sult by subtracting that $1,500
from the $5,300. The result is
$3,800. This is called your sur-
tax net income.
Step 6. This is where you figure
the surtax itself You look on
the back of the instruction sheet
and find that your surtax net
income (that $3,800) is in the
bracket which says "over $2,000
but not over $4,000.” Right be-
side it you see the tax is $400,
plus 22 percent of that part of
your surtax net income which is
over $2,000.
the $400 mentioned in the para-
graph above, for a total surtax of
$796.
Remember, finding this $796
surtax was your sixth step. 6
Step 7. Now, by itself, write
down again that net income of
$5,300.
Step 8. Under the $5,300 you
write *500 This *500 is your nor-
mal tax exemption with everyone
who files a return gets . 9
Step 9. You subtract the $500
from the *5 300 net income That
gives you $4,800. This is called
your normal net income.
Step 10. You take 3 percent of
$4,800. Three percent is your
normal tax It remains at 3 per-
cent on all taxable incomes, no
matter how large or small. Three
percent of 84 800 Is $144. This is
your normal tax.
Step 11. You add together your
normal tax of $144 and your sur-a;
tax of $796. and get your total
income tax for the year: $940.
% * *
These 11 steps are exactly the
11 steps you have to take in fill-
ing out page 4 of the 1040 long-
form from lines 1 through 11. 8
But there’s a little more. Now
in your case, your $5,800 income
came from salary. Taxes were
withheld from your salary dur-
ing the year and in addition you
paid quarterly installments on
your estimated tax to make upss
the difference between the tax
withheld and total tax you figur-
ed you'd owe by year’s end.
The withholding receipts from
your boss shows that he with-
held $850 from you in taxes. But
In addition to that you paid in
quarterly installments a total of
*70. That’s a total of $920—$850
and $70—you paid in taxes during
the year.
But you find now that your tax
for the year—according to yourd)
figuring on page 4 of the long
form—should be $940. So you owe
the government *20.
On page t of the long form, line
6, you enter your total tax, $940. -
In the proper places under line
7 you enter how much tax was.
withheld from you and how much
you paid in installments. And
on line * you enter how much you
still owe.
On the rest of page 1 you write
your name, list your exemptions*
by writing in the names of your-
self. wife and child, and then
you write in your boss’ name and
how much he paid you: that $5,-
800
• •
The War Today—
AXIS CAPITALS MILTARY OBJECTIVES
By DEWIT MACKENZIE
Associated Press War Analyst
The air offensive against Ger-
many which has swollen to un-
precedented fury in support of
the Allied drives for a knock-out,
continued today and Nazi Prop-
aganda Minister Goebels is chant-
ing that its inhuman' and "can
hardly be
borne," though
Hitlerdom won’t
quit.
Similarly in
the war of the
Pacific our aer-
ial assault
against Japan
is intensifying
to terrifying
proportions as
________we close in. The
MACKENZIE German and
Japanese capitals—next to Lon-
don and New York the worlds
greatest cities—have of necessity
become focal points in the at-
tacks.
Tokyo-with its population of
7000,000 and its flimsily built
houses-finally has come under
American bombing in a big way.
The Niponese government is
deeply worried especially since
explosives have fallen close to the
royal palace. The mikado is not
only temporal ruler—he is a god.
Berlin-Hitler's once arrogant
bpt now frightened capital crowd-
ed with a war-time population of
5,500,000— is undergoing the fier-
cest air attacks ever administered
to any great city It was under
fire again last night The fuehr-
er. lacking the mikado's fortitude,
has fled.
Japan — which deliberately
bombs civilians (as in Nanking)
and practices rape, torture and
murder — Is shocked that we wrong in bombing Tokyo and Ber-
should lay hands on Tokyo. Ger-T lin? The answer a that despite
enemy charges, the Allied are ad-
hering to the Hague convention
many — whose atrocities have
made Attila look like a benefac-
tor — has branded British and
American airmen aa the “Huns
of the air."
Well, are we right or are we
now TOTORTURE TOUR WIFE
which forbids the deliberate
bombing of civilians. Our bombs
are directed at prime military
objectives.
However, it’s obvious that you
By WEBSTER
The WOMAN WHO TRIED
SIXTEEN SHOPS AND COULDN’T
FIND HER FAVORITE BRAND or
CIGARETTE -------
16.2
You’re finished except for a.
couple of questions at the bot-P
torn of page 1. You pay the gov-
ernment-in person or by mall-
In your case here *1.800 or your the *20 you owe. You turn the
surtax net income of *3.800 to
over $2,000. So you take 22 per-
cent of that $1,800, which gives
you $396. You add that $396 to
money in together with your long-
form filled out. It would be a
good idea to keep an extra copy
for yourself. *
VANC
S, BOL CEIcek
ABOARD ADMIRAL MITS-
CHER'S FLAGSHIP OF THE
SPECIAL TOKYO TASK
FORCE. Feb. 15—(Delayed)-
(——This to the eve of battle
night before Adm Marc A.
Mitscher throws his tremen-
dously outnumbered carrier
planes in the first carrier strike
against the Japanese empire
and its hundreds of airfields,
daring its fleet and airforce to
come out and fight.
This great American task
force 58, made famous by its
daring strikes In the South and
Central Pacific, is the first war
fleet to penetrate so far into
Japanese waters and tonight
to heading straight for Tokyo,
by 7 a. m. tomorrow its ships
will be a scant few hundred
miles from the coastline and in
broad daylight will slug it out -
with whatever the Japanese
hive to offer.
Everyone from Admiral
Mitscher to the seamen, are
tense, for this to the first st
test of carrier power against
land based planes and It to the
first low level attack in force
upon Tokyo. Undoubtedly there
are no less than 100 flying fields
from which the U. S. fleet can
be attacked. .
U s. ships tonight are de-,
ploy ed in “lops columns stretch-
ing for me. than 100 miles in
length and several miles in
width. The wind to blotting M
20 knots. The water la rough
and the aky black
Pair weather has been prom-
ised over Tokyo tomorrow, •
good or in for the tighter and
bomber pitots who will go in
lo for strafing attacks and
boury runs. Aerologists predict-
eri here will be broken clouds
on the fleet giving any attack-
h r t bombers an advantage
against our ships, for they can
dr p unexpectedly through the
cloud lea Inus, from the .
standp. 1 of the weather, the
odds may balunce.
The Lent shot down its first
(see
Ey
Crusade Fund
Raised in Albany
ALBANY, March 1. - (BpD -
Members and friends of the First
Methodist church here contributed
$1,021 te the denomination’s nation-
wide Crusade For Christ in a spe-
cial service Sunday morning. Gifts
were told on an open Bible at the
foot at a huge lighted cross in the
altar of the church.
-L--
can’t pour 6,000,000 pounds of
bombs, including half a million
incendiaries, into a city — as
American bombers did to Berlin
the first of the week—without a
lot of civilians getting hurt
Stockholm reports that this raid
caused between 25,000 aad 30,000
casualties, Of course Tokyo to
even w re vulnerable because its
struetur s are so inflammable.
Japanese plane today when lour
patrol fighters from one car-a,
rier surprised a Betty 30 miles "
ahead of the task forces They
riddled it before the pilot could
get off a warning message to
the empire.
Later a Japanese fishing boat
was surprised by advance scout-
Ing forces and it was strafed.
The fishermen were taken pris-
oners
Shortly before dusk a group
of Japanese bogies was reported
heading toward us and the fleet.
had its first torpedo alert. The •
alert lasted only a few minutes
and the plane was identified as
an American scout from some
distant land base.
• -• •
A destroyer found a minee
adrift between two of the Amer-
ican ships and sank it. Experts
. said it apparently had broken
away from a Japanese mine
field as there was no evidence,
that Japanese planes were min-
ing waters in front of the fleet.
Dinner tonight was noisy with
jokes and. laughter, evidence of
tenseness. ,
The flag plot room where
Admiral Mitscher and his staff .
plan strategy was crowded witha
men bent over charts, desks and
reports.
The admiral stood over the
chart talite, his eyes peerUig QI-
tently through two forward port
holes of the room.
On one side of the admiral
was Commodore A. A. (31 Knot) —
: Burke, famed commander of
destroyers in the South Pacific
* campaigns. On the other side
I" .was Commander J. H Flatley
weather notes in is hand. Af+
the far corner was one of the
youngest staff members, Lt.
Byron "Whirzer" White, former
All America football player and
Rhodes Scholar He was discuss-
Ing "priorities" placed for at.,
tack purposes on Japanese airs,
fields. .
Admiral Mitscher walked with
head bowed from one end of
the room to the other, paying
no heed to anyone. Then he res
turned to the chart table and
two staff members Ho was in-
tent but not worried.
Whenever he talked it was in
a low, calm tone and his quiet-
ness set a pattern for the other
officers. J
At 9 p m the ship's captain
told the men and officers over
the loudspeaker system:
"You have the best of ships
and the best of equipment in
the world and you have had
the best training The outcome
of tomorrow's task is up to you.
I know you will do your best.”
A protestant chaplian read.
A Catholic chaplain said a
prayer of protection for sailors ,
at sea. 0
Down in the wardroom jun-
ior officers were around a nid-
get model roulette wheel. Ite
spinning stopped. Heads bowed
devoutly.
%
6
0 4
0
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The Abilene Reporter-News (Abilene, Tex.), Vol. 64, No. 250, Ed. 2 Thursday, March 1, 1945, newspaper, March 1, 1945; Abilene, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1636380/m1/6/?q=+date%3A1945-1972&rotate=270: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Abilene Public Library.