Chief White Horse's Shields White Horse probably painted his two shield covers himself. He was known to be an artist of some talent and while he was a prisoner at Fort Marion in Florida he executed a series of drawings on paper that are still preserved. (Plains Indian Art from Fort Marion, Karen Daniels Peterson, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press 1971) In the spring of 1869 the government sought to encourage the nomad Kiowa to settle down and begin farming. The Kiowa planted corn and melons on Apache creek for their use. At harvest time the Kiowa ate so much of the fruit that a number of them came very sick. The Kiowa believe that the government was trying to poison them. Mamande was one of the leaders that became very sick, in a sub-conscious state. After recovering he stated that he had received "owl power" a potent medicine which included the gifts of prophesy and the power to kill an enemy by shooting invisible darts. Manande also constructed a special tipi. Mooney had Mamande son, Bota-ti, reconstruct a model of his father's tipi. The model showed two animals standing and facing the doorway, one on each side of the cover. A solid blue buffalo with relative short, curved horns on the north side of the door. A lifeline leads from the buffalo's mouth to its triangular red heart. A yellow-breasted bird is perched on the buffalo's back. On the south side of the door way is a solid green domesticated bull with blue hoofs and a pair of long, blue lyre- shaped horns. On its back stands a blue and yellow bird. The bull's head is raised, and a stream of dark blue extends outward and upward from the animal's mouth, symbolic of its power. The bull has a lifeline with red bars extending from its mouth to its red heart. Although there is no recorded interpretation of buffalo and bull on the cover of the tipi it is tempting to suggest that Mamande was prophesied the substitution of long horn bull for buffalo source of food. 57
Index to the proceedings of the regional archeological symposium including separate lists by subject, title, author, and volume along with subject categories, a map of regions, and Texas county abbreviations.
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