Niles' Weekly Register. (Baltimore, Md.), Vol. 14, No. 15, Ed. 1 Saturday, August 6, 1836 Page: 12 of 16
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388 NILES’ REGISTER—AUG. 6, 1896—CANALS, RAIL ROADS, Sic.
This account of tlie scene in the court room, yesterday morn-
ing is from the Transcript, it is not believed by any body that
the slaves were rescued under a “mistaken impression,” as it
was boasted of two hours before the affair took place, that
whatever the decision might be, the slaves would be rescued
by the blacks and would not be allowed to go to jail. A large
number of acknowledged abolitionists were on the spot, and
two or three of the members of the Female Anti-Slavery soci-
ety were in the court room, giving their countenance to the
blacks in their outrage upon the court.
Judge Shaw, it is said, was obliged, not receiving sufficient
support from the officers of the court, to descend from the bench
and personally defend the door of the court room. He and the
officers were, however, overpowered and the slaves escaped.
The scene in Court square and School street about 10 o’clock
yesterday forenoon, baffles description. The slaves were hur-
ried from the court room down two flights of stairs to a carri-
age which stood ready, with the door open, and a black driver,
into which they were pushed. Then a number of black wo-
men divested themselves of shawles, bonnets, &c. and offered
them to the slaves, after which the carriage drove off, followed
by the crowd, consisting of four or five hundred blacks of all
ages and both sexes, shouting “hurrah for freedom,” &c.
What steps have been taken by the judge and sheriff to bring
back the slaves, we have not learned, but strong imputations
are cast upon the latter for not having a sufficient force ready
to protect the dignity of the court, and his own authority.
~»»e • 04
FORMATION OF A NEW REPUBLIC IN S. AMERICA-
By the following translations from the Lima Peruano of the
10th of April, it will be seen that a new independent state, call-
ed South Peru, has been formed in South America the name
indicates its situation. It probably owed its political existence
to the following circumstances:
The state of Bolivia south east of Peru seems destined from
its extent, its situation, its fertility and its mines, to be the most
important power in South America; it has also been better go-
verned, particularly with regard to the administration of its
finances, than any other; the president, Santa Cruz, indeed
possesses what we should consider very extraordinary preroga-
tives, but he seems to have used them wisely and moderately;
though he holds them firmly. Bolivia labors under one disad-
vantage; it possesses about 300 miles of coast on the Pacific,
but the whole of its territory, between that ocean and the An-
des, is a sandy desert, and there is but one spot—Cobija or
Puerto Lamar—which offers any facilities for the entrance of
vessels, or for communications with the interior. North of this
desert, a long slip of Peru extends between Bolivia and the sea,
containing several ports, one of which, Arica, is admirably
adapted for the commercial commuications between the latter
republic and the rest ofthe world.
This slip has been the cause of much ill feeling between the
two states, Bolivia desiring to possess it, and Peru being deter-
mined to retain it. This ill feeling has, however, exhibited
itself only in legislative enactments and executive decrees.
Peru insists on laying a transit duty on all goods entering her
territories. Bolivia endeavors to invite foreign trade to Port
Lamar, by the advantages held out there. A Bolivian decree
declares Port Lamar a free port, the advantages expected from
this measure are soon neutralized by a Peruvian law, reducing
the transit duties on goods arriving at Arica for Bolivia; these
duties are again raised as soon as the current has been well
turned towards the Peruvian port.
The bloody war which has been for some time going on in
Peru, between the partizans of Orbigozo, the regularly consti-
tuted chief of the government, and Salaverry the commander
ofthe rebels, afforded an opportunity for the interference of the
Bolivians. Santa Cruz joined the South Peruvians in favor of
the regular government, and, after several sharp actions, the
united forces were completely victorious at Socabaya, on the
seventh of February last. Salaverry was taken, and, with
many of his adherents, shot.
The division of Peru into two states, the southernmost of
which is placed entirely under the protection of Bolivia, will
doubtless enable the government of the latter to arrange its
commercial affairs more satisfactorily than heretofore.
[Globe.
SOLEMN DECLARATION OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE STATE OF
SOUTH PERU.
The assembly of South Peru, in the name of the departments
of Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cuzco and Puno,
CONSIDERING.
I. That the people of the south have been convinced, by long
and sad experience, that their union under the same govern-
ment with those of the north renders their oranization difficult
if not impossible, and consequently prevents them from attain-
ing that happiness which depends so essentially on the form of
their institutions:
II. That the revolutions of which all Peru has been the vic-
tim, have arisen from this forced union; that they have dissolv-
ed the general compact; that the people of the south as well as
those of the north have a right to provide for their future secu-
rity, by tlie only means which can contribute to it, which
means are indicated in the summons issued by his excellency
the president of Peru, who was induced to act thus by the most
just and serious considerations, no less than by the unanimous
voice of the people of the south.
III. That the government of Peru and Bolivia have engaged
to respect, to execute and to guarantee the deliberations of the
assemblies, convoked by the decree of June, 1835, in compli-
ance with the treaty concluded at La Paz on the 15th of the
same month, and solemnly ratified on the 24th; his excellency
the provisional president of Peru, having, in consequence sur-
rendered to that assembly, in bis message of December 7, 1835,
the command which he exercised over these departments:
IV. That his excellency Andres Santa Cruz, the captain ge-
neral and president of Bolivia, and supreme chief of the united
army, has engaged, in the name of his nation, by his declaration
made at Puno on the 1st of July, 1835, to guarantee the delibe-
ration of the said assemblies:
V. That Bolivia has engaged by its congress, and by the said
declaration of Puno, to enter into bonds of confederacy with the
states of North and South Peru, as soon as they have been orga-
nized:
VI. That the memorable victories obtained by the united ar-
my in the fields of Yanacocha, Ananta, Camarasas, Callao,
Gramadal and Socabaya, by restoring peace and repose to Petu,
have afforded an opportunity for the expression of the will of
the people with regard to their own interests, by means of their
legitimate representatives—
SOLEMNLY DECLARES AND DECREES:
Article 1. The departments of Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cuzco
and Puno, declare and constitute themselves an independent
state under the denomination of the state of South Peru (Estado
Sud-Peruano), adopting for its government the popular repre-
sentative form.
Article 2. The state of South Peru engages forthwith to enter
into bonds of confederacy with the states which may be form-
ed in the north, and with Bolivia: the basis of such confederacy
to be fixed by a congress of plenipotentiaries, named by each of
the three states which are to form the union.
Article 3. The exercise of the whole public power of the
state is for the present committed to his excellency Andres
Santa Cruz, the captain general and supreme chief of the unit-
ed army, who will bear the title of supreme protector of the state
of South Peru.
Article 4. The protector of the state of South Peru will in-
vite the other states to enter into the proposed confederacy,
and will take every measure which may tend to carry that ob-
ject into effect in a manner conformably with the desires of
the people.
Article 5. The protector ofthe state shall, as soon as he con-
siders himself authorised by circumstances, convoke a con-
gress, by which the fundamental constitution of the state shall
be formed.
In faith whereof—we, the representatives of the four de-
partments, do make and sign, in their name and in our own,
the present declaration, as the will of our constituents, who
for themselves and we for them, do engage to sustain, preserve
and defend it with all our might, pledging thereunto our honor,
and invoking the protection of the Supreme Being, as well as
that of our sister, the republic of Bolivia.
Done in the hall of session, at the city of Sieuana on this 17th
day of March, 1836.
-0004-
CANALS, RAIL ROADS, STEAMBOATS, &c.
A canal is to be made by the state of Illinois, and is called
the Illinois and Michigan canal. It commences at Chicago
and continues to the navigable waters, by steamboats all sea-
sons of the year, to the Illinois river, a distance of 93 miles.
The estimated cost of making this canal is seven millions of
dollars—within 36 miles of Chicago, they have tocut twenty-four
miles through solid rock, from 7 to 28 feet in depth and sixty
feet in width, the estimated cost of making this 36 miles of this
canal, is four millions of dollars. The commissioners advertise
for ten thousand laborers, and offer from 20 to 26 dollars per
month.
St. Lawrence and Atlantic rail roads. A rail road is proposed
from St. Andrews, N. B. to Quebec. The contemplated route
passes through the territory in dispute between the United
States and Great Britain. The Maine folks don’t like to have
it go there, as they mean to have a rail road from Quebec to
Belfast, with which the former would interfere. The cost
of the Quebec and St. Andrews road is estimated at about
$4,000,000; length 250 miles. The British government has sanc-
tioned its construction by a grant of £10,000 from the land re-
venue of New Brunswick. The legislature of Lower Canada
and New Brunswick have also given it their official approba-
tion. In the mean time the survey of the Quebec and Belfast
rail road is going forward under the directon of col. Long, U.
S. engineer, with 35 assistants. Fourteen miles nearest Bel-
fast, were finished on the 6th inst. and the whole will be done
by the 1st of October. It is proposed to apply to the legislature
of Maine for a slice of the surplus revenue. The rail road up
the valley of the Connecticut and Assumpsit rivers, of which
surveys are about to be made, will also come in for a share of
the business. So if all these projects succeed, there will be
three lines of rail road communications from the St. Lawrence
to the Atlantic. [N. Y. Journal of Commerce.
Dr. Nott, of New York, has recently successfully applied an-
thracite coal to the steam engine of the boat Novelty—and some
pains have been taken by the New York editors to impress the
public with the belief that Dr. Nott was the first to use such fuel
for generating steam. But a Philadelphia editor, jealous ofthe
honor of his state, says—There is abundant evidence to show.
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Niles, Hezekiah, 1777-1839. Niles' Weekly Register. (Baltimore, Md.), Vol. 14, No. 15, Ed. 1 Saturday, August 6, 1836, periodical, August 6, 1836; Baltimore, Maryland. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1694177/m1/12/?q=%22~1%22~1: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; .