Soil survey of Hunt County, Texas Page: 29 of 60
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SOIL SURVEY OF HUNT COUNTY, TEXAS 27
range from 10 to 40 feet in diameter, are most numerous around
heads of drainageways or at the bases of slight slopes, and are worthless
as cropland. No practical method of reclamation is known, and
the spots are not sufficiently extensive to be generally of material
importance. They constitute less than 2 percent of any one soil area.
Areas included with this soil around Quinlan and Williams Chapel
and parts of other areas immediately adjacent to light-colored sandy
soils have a fine sandy loam instead of a very fine sandy loam surface
soil. In such areas the tendency for the soil to crust is greater than
elsewhere.
The surface is flat or gently undulating, and the slope ranges between
level and about 3 percent. Only a small proportion of the
land has a slope of more than 2 percent. Other similar and associated
sandy prairie soils, which have a slope generally greater than
3 percent and which have a developed reddish-brown upper subsoil
layer, are correlated with the Crockett soils. Wilson very fine sandy
loam is adequately, although slowly, drained, and water does not
stand on the surface for extended periods following rains. For the
most part, the soil is so smooth that it is not subject to severe erosion,
and none of it has washed so severely as to ruin the land.
Wilson very fine sandy loam is fairly good cropland, and it probably
is a better soil than is commonly reputed. Where farmed with
little attempt to maintain productivity, yields have decreased much
more than on similarly farmed Houston black clay. About 70 percent
of the total area is in cultivation. Cotton occupies about three-fourths
of the cropped acreage, corn one-tenth, and oats one-seventh. The
acre yields are about 120 pounds of cotton lint, 10 bushels of corn,
20 bushels of oats, 10 to 15 bushels of grain sorghums, and 11/ to 2
tons of sorgo forage. On new land, however, or on those very few
small fields where the fertility has been maintained, the average yield
of cotton is almost one-half bale to the acre. This soil responds
moderately well to soil-improvement practices, and its original fertility
can be restored by the use of green manures, cover crops,
commercial fertilizers, and rotations including legumes. Its physical
characteristics are comparatively favorable, it is friable and easily
worked, the surface soil absorbs moisture readily, and the subsoil is
not extremely compact.
Wilson very fine sandy loam, mound phase.-Areas of Wilson
very fine sandy loam, mound phase, include numerous low nearly
round sandy mounds. In most cultivated fields the surface soil has
received much fine sand through the distribution of the coarser material
from the sandy mounds. It is gray or dark gray but is slightly
less dark than that of the typical soil.
The mounds range from 20 to 100 feet in diameter and from 8
inches to 2 feet in height. They constitute from one-tenth to onehalf
of the total area of this soil. The surface soil on the mounds
is lighter in both texture and color than in the typical soil. On the
crests of the mounds the surface soil consists of a 10-inch surface layer
of grayish-brown acid light fine sandy loam grading into dull-yellow
or brownish-yellow fine sandy loam or loamy fine sand. At a depth
ranging from 18 to 36 inches, this material rests abruptly on the
subsoil of grayish-yellow acid plastic clay mottled with red. The
mounds constitute a thickening of the surface soil; the top of the
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Templin, E. H. (Edward Henry) & Marshall, R. M. (Richard Moon). Soil survey of Hunt County, Texas, book, February 1939; [Washington D.C.]. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth19778/m1/29/?q=tex-land: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.