The Bastrop Advertiser (Bastrop, Tex.), Vol. 62, No. 34, Ed. 1 Friday, December 11, 1914 Page: 4 of 10
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THE BASTROP ADVERTISER, BA8TROP. TEXAS
V
\
WE MUSI OPEN UP
GAIESJF TRADE
All Important Problem Which
Now Confronts Congress,
Says President.
SHIPS OUR GPEATEST NEED
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\
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America Fear# N Nation and la Am-
ply Able to Defend Itaelf—Great
Task Ahead In Helping to
Restore Peace— Economy
U Strongly Urged.
Washington, Da®, t.—President Wll-
•on today delivered his annual address
to congress. Problems brought oat by
the great conflict ta Kurope engaged
tho greater part of his attention. The
message follows:
Gentlemen of tha Congress:
The seaslon upon which you are now
entering will be the closing sessloa of
the Sixty third congress, a congress, I
venture to say, which will long ba re-
wembered for the great body of
thoughtful and constructive work
which It has dona, In loyal response
to the thought and needs of the coun-
try. I should like In this address to re-
view the notable record and try to
make adequate assessment of It; but
■ o doubt we stand too near the work
that ha* been done and are ourselves
too much part of It to play the part of
historians toward It Moreover, our
thoughts are now more of the future
than of the past.
While we haTe worked at oar tasks
of peace the circumstances of the
whole age have been altered by war.
What we have done for our own land
and our own people we did with the
best that waa In us, whether of char-
acter or of latelllgence, with sober
enthusiasm and a confidence In the
principles upon which we were acting
which .sustained as at every step of
the difficult undertaking; but It Is
done. It has passed from onr hands.
It Is now an established part of the
legislation of tha country. Its useful-
ness, Its effects, will disclose them-
selves In experience. What chiefly
•trlkes us now, as we look about us
during these closing days of a year
which will be forever memorable in
the history of the world, Is that we
face new tasks, have been facing them
these six months, must face them In
the months to oome—face them with-
out partisan feeling, like man who
have forgotten everything but a com-
mon duty and the fact that we are
representatives of a great people
.whose thought Is not of us but of what
America owes to herself and to al)
mankind In such circumstances as
these vpon which we look amazed and
anxious.
Europe Will Need Our Meip.
War has Interrupted the means of
trade not only but also the processes
of production. In Kurope it It destroy-
ing men and resources wholesale and
upon a scale unprecedented and ap-
palling. There Is reason to fear thst
the time Is near, If It be not already
at hand, when several of the coun-
tries of Europe will find It difficult to
do for their people what they have
hitherto been always easily able to do,
jnany essential and fundsmental
things. At any rate they will need our
\ help ant! our manifold services as they
MbfcVe never needed them before; and
we should be ready, more fit and
ready than we have ever been.
It is of equal consequence that the
nations whom Europe has usually sup-
plied with Innumerable articles of
manufacture and commerce of which
they are in constant need and without
which their economic development
halts and stands still can now get only
a smell part of what, they formerly Im-
ported and eagerly look to us to supply
ihelr all but empty markets. This Is
particularly true of our own neighbors,
the states, great and small, of Central
and South America. Their lines of
Irade hare hitherto run chiefly athwart
the seas, not to our ports, but to tho
ports of Great Britain and of the older
Continent Of Europe. I do not stop to
Inquire why, or to maks any comment
on probable causes. What Interests us
Just now Is not the explanation, but
the fact, and our duty and opportunity
la the presence of It. Here are mar-
kets which we must supply, and we
must find the means of action. The
United States, this great people for
whom we speak and act. should be
ready, as never before, to serve Itself
and to serve mankind; ready with Its
resources, its energies, its forces of
production, and its means of distribu-
tion.
We Need Ships.
It Is a very practical matter, a mat-
ter of ways and means. We have the
resources, but are we fully ready to
use them? And If we can make ready
what we have, have we the means at
hand to distribute It? We are not fully
ready; neither bave we the means of
distribution We are willing, but we
are not fully able. We have the wish
to serve and to serve greatly, gener-
ously; hut we are not pre|>ared as we
should be. We are not ready to mo-
bilize our resources at once. We are
not prepared to use them Immediately
and at their best, without delay and
Without waste.
r To gpeak plainly we have grossly
erred In tho way In which we have
sfunted and hindered the development
of our merchant marine. And now,
when we need sb.'ps, we have not got
them We have vear after .<• ,-r <l<v
hated, without end or conclusion, fh
heat policy to pursue with regard to
the nse of tha ores and forest* and
water powers of our national domain
In tha rich slates of tba Wast, wheu
we should have acted; and they are
•UU locked up. Tha key Is still
turned upon them, the door shut fast
at which thousands of vigorous men,
full of Initiative, knock clamorously
for admittance. The water power of
our navigable streams outside the na-
tional domain, also, even In the east-
ern states, where we have worked and
planned for generations. Is still uot
used as It might be. because we will
and we won't; because the laws we
have made do not Intelligently balance
encouragement against restraint. We
withhold by regulation.
I have come to ask you to remedy
and correct these mistakes and omis-
sions, even at this short session of a
congress which would certainly seem
to have done all the work that could
reasonably ha expected of it. The time
and the circumstances are extraor-
dinary, and so must our efforts be
also.
Use and Coneervstlon.
Fortunately, two great measures,
finely conceived, the one to unlock,
with proper safeguards, the resources
of the national domain, the other to
encourage the use of the navigable
waters outside that domain for the
generation of power, have already
passed the house of representatives
and are ready for Immedlste consider-
ation and action by the senate. With
the deepest earnestness 1 urge their
prompt passage. In them both
we turn our barks upon hesita-
tion and makeshift and formulate
a genuine policy of use and con-
servation, In the best sense
of those words. We owe the one
measure not only to the people of that
great western country for whose free
and systematic development, as It
seems to me, our legislation has done
so little, but also to the people of the
nation as a whole; and we as clear-
ly owe the other In fulfillment of our
repeated promises thrit the water pow-
er of the country should In fact as
well as In name be put at the disposal
of great Industries which can make
economical and profitable use of it.
the rights of the public being ade-
quately guarded the while, and mo-
nopoly 5n the use prevented. To have
begun such measures and not com-
pleted them would Indeed mar the
record of this great congress very
seriously. I hope and confidently be-
llt.e that they will be completed.
And there Is another g^-eat piece of
legislation which awaits and should
receive the sanction of the senate:
I mean the bill which gives a larger
measure of self-government to the peo-
ple of the Philippines. How better,
In thle time of anxious questioning
and perplexing policy, could we show
our confidence In the principles of
liberty, as the source as well as the
expression of life, how better could we
demonstrate our own self-possession
and steadfastness In the courses of
Justice and disinterestedness than by
thus going calmly forward to fulfill
our promises to a dependent people,
who w'ill now look more anxiously
than ever to see whether we have in-
deed the liberality, the unselfishness,
the courage, the faith we have boast-
ed and professed. I cannot believe
that the senate will let this great
measure of constructive Justice await
the action of another congress. Its
passage would nobly crown the record
of these two years of memorable la-
bor.
An Important Duty.
But I think that you will agree
with me that this does not complete
the toll of our duty. How are we to
carry our goods to the empty markets
of which I have spoken If we have
not the certain and constant means
of transportation upon which all profit-
able and useful commerce depends?
And how i/e we to get the ships If
we wait for the trade to develop with-
out them? To correct the many mis-
takes by which we have discouraged
and all but destroyed the merchant
marine of the country, to retrace the
•teps by which we have, it seems al-
most deliberately, withdrawn our flag
from the seas, except where here and
there, a ship of war Is bidden carry
it, or some wandering yacht displays
It, would take a long time nnd in-
volves many detailed Items of legisla-
tion, and the trade which we ought
Immediately to handle would disap-
pear or flnd other channels while we
debated the Items.
The case Is not unlike that which
confronted us when our own conti-
nent was to be opened up to settle-
ment and Industry, and we needed
long lines of railway, extended means
of transportation prepared beforehand,
If development was not to lag intoler-
ably and wait Interminably. We lav-
ishly subsidized the building of trans
continental railroads. We look back
upon that with regret now, because
the subsidies led to many scandals
of which we are n-ihamed; hut we
know that the railroads had to be
built, and if we had it to do over again
we should of course build them, but
In another way. Therefore I propose
another way of providing the means
of transportation which must precede,
not tardily follow, the development
of our trade with our neighbor states
of America It may seem a reversal
of the natural order of things, hut It
is true, that the routes of trade must
be actually opened -by many ships
and regulnr sailings and moderate
charges—b'-fore streams of merchan-
dise will flow freely and profitably
through them.
Must Open Gates of Trade.
Hence the pending shipping bill,
discussed at the last session, but as
yet passed by neither house. In my
Judgment such legislation is Impera-
tively needed nniJ tan not wisely be
ost poned. The government must
these gates of trade, and open
wide; open them before It is
altogether profitable to open them, or
altogether reasonable to ask private
capital to opeu them at a venture.
It Is not a question of the government
monopolizing the Held. It should take
action to make It certain that trans-
portation at reasonable rates will be
promptly provided, even where the
carriage Is not at first profitable; and
then, when the carriage has become
sufficiently profitable to attract and
engage private capital, and engage It
In abundance, the government ought
to withdraw. I very earnestly hope
that the congress will be of this opin-
ion, and that both bouses will adopt
this exceedingly Important bill.
The great subject of rural credits
still remains to be dealt with, and
It Is a matter of deep regret that the
difficulties of the subject have seemed
to render It Impossible to complete
a bill for passago at this session But
It can not be perfected yet, and there-
fore there are no other constructive
measu.-es the necessity for which I
will at this time call your attention
to; but I would be negligent of a
very manifest duty were I not to call
the attention of tho senate to the fact
that the proposed convention for safe-
ty at sea awaits Its confirmation and
that the limit fixed In the convention
Itself for Its acceptance Is the last
day of the present month. The con-
ference In which this convention or-
.glnated was called by '.he United
States; the representatives of the
United States played a very Influen-
tial part Indeed in framing the provi-
sions of the proposed convention; nnd
those provisions aro In themselves
for the most p^rt admirable. It would
hardly be consistent with the part
we have played In tho whole matter
to let It drop and go by the board
as if forgotten and neglected. It was
ratified In May last by the German
government and In August by the
parliament of Great Britain. It marks
a most hopeful and decided advance
In International civilization. We
should show our earnest good faith
In a great matter by adding our own
acceptance of It.
Charting of Our Ceasta.
There la another matter of which
I must make special mention, If I am
to discharge my conscience, iest it
should escape your attention. It may
seem a very small thing. It affects
only a single Item of appropriation
But many human lives and many
great enterprlsea hang upon It.
It Is the matter of making adequate
provision for the survey and charting
of our coasts.
It Is immediately pressing and exi-
gent In connection with the Immense
coast If .e of Alaska. A coast line
greater than that of the United States
themselves, though It is also very
Important Indeed with regard to the
older coasts of the continent. We
cannot use our great Alaskan domain,
shlpa will not ply thither. If those
coasts and their many hidden dangers
are not thoroughly surveyed and
charted.
The work Is Incomplete at almost
every point. Ships and lives hn e
been lost In threading what were sup-
posed to be well-known main chan-
nels. We have not provided adequate
vessels or adequate machinery for the
survey and charting We have used
old vessels that were not big enough
or strong enough and which were so
nearly unseaworthy that our Inspec-
tors would not have allowed private
owners to send them to sea. This Is
a matter which, as I have said, seems
small, but Is In reality very great. Us
Importance has only to bo looked Into
to bo apprecloted,
Economy Is Urged.
Before I close, may I say a few
words upon two topics, much dis-
cussed out of doors, upon which it Is
hlRhly Important that our Judgments
should be clear, definite and steadfast.
One of these Is economy In govern-
ment expenditures. The duty of econ-
omy is not debatable. It is manifest
and Imperative. In the appropriations
we pass we aro spending the money
f the great people whose servants
we are—not our own. We sre trus-
tees and responsible stewards In the
spending. The only thing debatable
and upon which we should be careful
to make our thought and purpose
clear Is the kind of economy demand
ed of us. I assert with the greatest
confidence that the people of the
United States ore not Jealous of the
amount their government costs If
they are sure that they get what they
need and desire for tho outlay, that
the money Is being spent for objects
of which they approve, and that It Is
being applied with good business
sense and management.
Governments grow, piecemeal, both
In their tasks and In the means by
which those tasks are to be per-
formed. and very few go'vernmentB are
organized, I venture to say, as wise
nnd experienced business men would
organize them if they had a clean
sheet of paper to write upon. Certain
ly the government of the United
States Is not. I think that It Is gets
erally agreed that there should be
a systematic reorganization and teas
sembllng of its parts so as to secure
greater efficiency and effect consider-
able savings in expense But the
amount of money saved In that way
would, I believe, though no doubt
considerable in Itself, running. It may
be. Into the millions, be relatively
small—small, I mean. In proportion to
the total necessary outlays of the
government It would be thoroughly
worth effecting, as every saving would,
great or small.
Our duty Is not altered by tho scale
of the savings. But my point Is that
the people of the United States do
not wish to curtail the ectlvltlog^iT
this government; they wj^eff^^r,
to enlarge them; and wit4V en-
largement. with the mere^^pfrth, In
deed, of the country Itnclf.^Elcre must
come, of course, the Inevitable In-
crease of expense.
The aort of economy we ought to
practice may be effected, and ought to
be effected, by a careful study and
assessments of tha tasks to be per-
formed; aud tho money speut ought
to be matle to yield the best possible
returns In efficiency and achievement.
And. like good stewards, we should
so account for every dollar of our ap-
propriations as to make it perfectly
evident what It was spent for and in
what way It was spent.
It Is not expenditure but extrava-
gance that we should fear being criti-
cized for; not paying for tho legl
mate enterprises and undertakings of
a great government whose people
command what It should do. but add
lng what will benefit only a few or
pouring money out for what need not
have been undertaken at all or might
have been postponed or better and
more economically concelvod and car
rled out. The nation la not niggardly;
it is very generous. It will chide us
only If we forget for whom wa pay
money out and whose money It is we
pay.
These are largo and general stand-
ards, but they are not very difficult of
application to partlcula- cases.
The National Defense.
Tho other topic I shall take leave to
mention goes deeper Into the princi-
ples of our national life and policy.
It Is the subject of national defense.
It cannot be discussed without first
answering some vory searching ques-
tions.
It Is said In some quarters that we
aro not prepared for war. What Is
meant by being prepared? Is It meant
that we are not ready upon brief no^
tlce to put a nation in tho field, a na-
tion of men trained to arms? Of
course wo aro not ready to do that;
and we shall never be In time of
peace so long as we retain our pres-
ent political principles, and Institu-
tions. And what la it that It la sug
gested we should be prepared to do*
To defend ourselves against attack?
We have always found means to do
that, and shall flnd them whenever It
Is necessary without calling our pco
pie away from their necessary tnsks
to render compulsory military service
In times of peace.
Allow me to speak with great plain-
ness and directness upon this great
matter and to avow my convictions
with deep earnestness. I have tried
to know what America 1b, what her
people think, what they nro, what
they most cherish, and hold dear. I
hope that some of their finer passions
are In my own heart, some of the
great conceptions and desires which
gave birth to this government and
which hava made the voice of this
people a voice of peace and hope and
liberty among the peoples of the
world, and that, speaking my own
thoughts, I shall, at least In part,
speak theirs also, however, faintly and
Inadequately, upon this vital matter.
Fear No Nation.
Wo aro at peace with all the world.
No one who speaks counsel based
on fact or drawn from a Just and
candid Interpretation of realities
can say that there Is reason for fear
that from any quarter our Indepen
deuce or the Integrity of our territory
Is threatened • Di"ad of the power
of any otner nation we are incapable
of. We are not Jealous of rivalry in
the fields of commerce or of any other
peaceful achievement. Wo mean to
live our lives as vie will; but we mean
also to let llvo. We are, Indeed, a
true frle;sd to all the nations of the
world, because we threaten none,
covet the possessions of none, desire
the overthrow of none. Our friend-
ship can be accepted and is accepted
without reservation, because it is of
fered In a spirit and for a purpose
which no one need ever question or
suspect, Therein lies our greatness.
We are the champions of peace and
of concord. And we should be very
jealous of this distinction which we
have sought to earn. Just now we
should be particularly Jealous of It,
because it is our dearest present hope
that this character and reputation
may presently, in God's providence,
bring us an opportunity to counsel
and obtain peace In the world and
reconciliation and a healing settle
ment of many a matter that has cooled
and Interrupted tho friendship of
nations. This Is the time above all
others when we should wish and re-
solve to keep our strength by self pos-
session. our Influence by preserving
our ancient principles of action.
Ready for Defense.
From tho first we have had a clear
and settled policy with regard to
military establishments. We never
have had, and while we retain our
present principles and Ideals we nev«r
shall have, a large standing army.
If asked, are you ready to defend
yourselves? We reply, most assured-
ly. to the utmost; and yet we Rhall
not turn America Into a military
camp. We will not aak our young
men to spend the best years of their
lives making soldiers of 'hemselvos
There is another sort of enorgy In us
It will know how to declare Itself and
make Itself effective should occasion
arise Antl especially when half tlu>
world Is on file wo shall be careful
to make our moral Insurance against
the spread of the conflagration very
d<"1nlte nnd certain nnd adequate In-
deed.
I^et us remind ourselves, therefore,
of the only thing we can do or will
do. We must depend In every time
of national peril, in the future as In
the past, not upon a standing army,
nor yet upon a reserve army, but upon
a citizenry trained nnd accustomed
to arms It will he right enough, right
American policy, based upon our ac-
customed principles and practices, to
provide a system by which every
citizen who will voluuteer for
the t.alulng may be made familial
with the use of modern arms, the rudi-
ments of drill and maneuver, aud the
maintenance and sanitation of camps.
We should encourage such training
and make it a means of dlsclpllue
which our young men will learn to
value. It Is right that we should pro-
vide It not only, but that we should
make It as attractive as possible, and
so Induce our young men to undergo
It at such times as they can command
a little freedom and can seek the
physical development they need, for
mere health's sake, If for nothing
tnoro. Every means by which such
things can be stimulated Is legitimate,
and such a method smacks of true
American ldr>as, It Is a right, too,
that the National Guard of the states
sltouid be developed and strengthened
by every menns which Is not incon-
sistent with our obligations to our
own people or with the established
policy of our government. And this,
also, not because the time or occasion
specially calls for such measures, but
because It should be our constant poi
Icy to make these provisions for our
national peace and safety.
More than this carries with It a re-
versal of the whole history and char
acter of our polity, More thar this,
proposed at this time, permit me to
say, would mean merely that we bad
lost our self possession, that we had
boon thrown off our balance by a war
with which wo have nothing to do,
whose causes cannot touch us. whose
very existence affords us opportun-
ities of friendship and disinterested
service which should make us
ashamed of any thought of hostility
or fearful preparation for trouble.
This Is assuredly the opportunity for
which a people and a government like
ours were raised up. the opportunity
not only to speak but actually to em-
body anu exemplify the counsels of
poace and amity and the lasting con-
cord which Is based on Justice and fair
and generous dealing.
Ships Our Natural Bulwarks.
A powerful navy we have always
regarded as our proper and natural
means of defense; and It has always
been of defense that we have thought,
never of aggression or of conquest.
But who shall tell us now what sort
of navy to build? We shall take leave
to bo strong upon the seas. In the
future as In the past; and there will
be no thought of offense or of provo-
cation In that. Our ships are our
natural bulwarks. When will the ex-
perts tell us Just what kind wo should
construct—-and when will they be
right for ton years together. If the
relative efficiency of craft of differ-
ent kinds and uses continues to
change as we have seen It change
under over very eyes In these last
few months?
But I turn away from the subject.
It Is not new. There Is no new need
to discuss It. We shall not alter our
attitude toward It because some
amongst us are nervous and excited.
We shall easily and sensibly agree
upon a policy of defense. The ques-
tion has not changed Its aspects be-
cause the times are not normal. Our
policy will not be for an occasion.
It will be conceived as a permanent
and settled thing, which we will pur-
sue at all seasons, without haste and
after a fashion perfectly consistent
with the peace of the world, the abid-
ing friendship of states, and the un-
hampered freedom of all with whom
we deal. Ix>" there be no misconcep-
tion. Tho country has been misin-
formed We have not been negligent
of national defense. Wo aro not un-
mindful of the great responsibility
resting upon us W<j shall learn and
profit by the lesson of every exper-
ience and every new circumstance;
and what Is needed v.ill be adequately
done.
Great Duties of Peace.
I close, as I began, by reminding
you of the groat tasks and duties of
peace which challenge our best powers
and invite us to build what will last,
tho tasks to which we can address
ourselves now and at all times the
free-hearted zest antl with all the lin-
eal gifts of constructive wisdom wo
possess. To develop our life arid our
resources; to supply our own people,
and the people of the world as their
need arises, from tho abundant plenty
of our fields and our marts of trade;
to enrich tho commerce of our own
states and of the world with the prod-
ucts of our mines, our farms, and our
factories, with the creations of our
thought and the fruits of our charac-
ter—this Is what will hold our atten
tlon and our enthusiasm steadily, now
and In the years to come, ri we strive
to show In our life ns a nation what
liberty and the Inspirations of an
emancipated spirit may do for men
and for soclotlea, for Individuals, for
states, and for mankind.
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The only way to get along with some
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Hicks' CAPUDINE
CURBS HEADACHES AND COLD®
'-Easy To Take—Quick Relief,—Adr.
Explained.
"I know a girl who marrlod a Chins-
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Appreciation.
"You say that man enjoys work?"
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Getting Rough With Juanlta.
Small Mary, who had been taught to
read by the modem "sounding out"
system, was amusing herself by sing-
ing the school songster from cover to-
cover. Presently, as she reached
"Juanlta," one hoard corning In her
birdlike little voice from the depths
of the big armchair:
"In the dark I slammed her."
A startled parent found that the
line really read:
"In thy dark eyes' splendor."
Somewhat Changed.
A colored man called at Mrs. Hart-
ley's, looking for work.
"What Is your name?" she asked,
after hiring him.
"Mah name Is Poo, ma'am," was the
answer.
"Poe!" she exclaimed. "Perhape
some of your family worked for Ed-
gar Allan Poe; did they?"
Tho colored man opened his eyee
wide with amazement.
"Why—why, ma^im," he said as he
pointed a dusky finger at himself,
"why, Ah am Edgah Allan Pi.a!"
Skunka Yield $3,000,000 a Year.
The skunk brines annually to tho
trappers of the United States about
thr-'e million dollars. It stands sec
ontl In Importance only to the musk-
rat among our fur bearing animals.
The value of a skunk In the raw
for market averaged from about twen
ty five cents to $3.50 In December,
1913, anil usually runs higher.
In 1911 2,000,000 skins were export-
ed to London alone. Although this
fur Is not very popular In Amerlrn,
Europeans favor It, because It wears
well antl has a luster which makes It
rival the Russian sable In appearance.
The Mexican States.
Mexico consists of 32 states and ter
rltories nnd Is politically a federated
republic. Its constitution being pat
tern 'd after that of the United States
of America Tt- , pgrulqlioo of the
country In 1900 was 13,097,000. On
account (f the strenuous life of Mexico
for several years past It Is likely that
Its present papulation Is not much Id
excess of that uf H years ano.
To Build
Strong
Children
Supply their growing bodies
with right food, «o that Brain,
and Muscle, and Bone devel-
opment may evenly balance.
Grape-Nuts
FOOD
was originated to supply, in
proper proportion, the very
elements reouired by the
human body for growth and
repair.
To supply children a dish
of Grape-NuU and cream
for breakfast regulaely, is to
start them on the road to
sturdy health.
"There'* a Reason**
for
Grape-Nuts
Sold by grocer*.
a]
% 'r 1
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The Bastrop Advertiser (Bastrop, Tex.), Vol. 62, No. 34, Ed. 1 Friday, December 11, 1914, newspaper, December 11, 1914; (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth206145/m1/4/?q=central+place+railroads: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Bastrop Public Library.