The Orange Leader (Orange, Tex.), Vol. 29, No. 196, Ed. 1 Wednesday, August 19, 1942 Page: 1 of 4
four pages : ill. ; page 20 x 16 in. Digitized from 35 mm. microfilm.View a full description of this newspaper.
Extracted Text
The following text was automatically extracted from the image on this page using optical character recognition software:
OKANUK, TEXAS, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 19, 1942
I 1 ^
OLUMK XXIX
=====
ffr-y A
Banks To Reniain
MORE BAD NEWS FOR JAPS ARRIVES AT PACIFIC BASE
VS-
17,000 Defense
Workers To Be
—
Accomodated
In line with a precedent met
several months ago, Orange banks
will remain open Saturday, a le-
gal bpliday, lor the accommoda-
tion of the approximately 17,000
defense workers employed in Or-*
ange, along with the hundreds em-
ployed by other industries in the
city, it was announc-
e d t od a y by W. A. Mc-
Neill, secretary manager of the
Orange chamber of commcrce.
With the vast shipbuilding pro-
gram and other industries. Or-
ange now has an estimated week-
ly payroll of $1,250,000, McNeill
declared.
ICES FOR
C TEAL, 63,
Constance Teal, ape 63, died
Tuesday 2:30 p. m. #frhis home in
Orangefield. Mr. Teal, who was
a native ot Crowley, La- had been
a resident of Orangefield for the
past'seventeen ~years-and was a
shoe cobbler by trade.
Surviving are his wile Mrs.
Rhoda Teal: two brothers Joe and
William Teal both of Crowley. La. ... „
Funeral services will be held to- pon sector, three main at-
day at 4 p. m. from the family tacks were cited in which they lost
residence in Orangefield with. four tanks and more than 300
Rev. Joseph Berbcrich officiating, men_ More than 100 German
add burial will be In the Catholic jrirtg mcn were reported slain on
cemetery 'tmdW the direction ^of- gjg approaches to a village.
SOVIETS FALL
BACK ANEW
IN DON BEND
rBy HciYry C. Cassidy
Moscow, Aug.~~l9. (AP) — So-
viet troops fell back again yes-
terday in the Dpn bend and a
counteraffensive southwest of Sta-
lingrad appeared spent, but a
communique said Germany's gains'
since May 15 had cost 1,250.000
casualties — twice those of Rus-
sia — anct .thai Adolf Hitler was
draining reserves froip all west-
ern Europe.
Red army men fjave ground be-
fore reserve - bolstered Nazi col-
umns in the region of Pyatigorsk,
in the mid-Caucasus 170 miles
southeast of Nazi - occupied Mai-
kop, but repulsed repeated attacks
in the Krasnodar area, the Rus-
sians said.
While the Germans "succeeded
our
troops" in the Pyatigorsk sector,
Cossacks cut down 300 of them
with sabers in a surprise raid," the
Soviet information bureau
nounced at mid-day. ' 3^
Defenders of the Krasnbar re-
gion of the western Caucasus,
counter - attacking at intervals,
routed a German infantry regi-
ment and destroyed many trucks
and seven German tanks, the bu-
reau said.
While the Germans gained in a
V- -a :>•
* * * * •
; ■ - ■ i ',1 n —rr,T.
NUMBER 196
'A$
"Old Fiddlers" Contes
Planned August 27th
Plans for an "Old Fiddlers"
contest to be held at Stark Park
on the night of August 27 under
auspices of the City W. 1". A. Rec-
reation department, were' ' an-
. -lumwod.. today. .
The following committed! which
served to put over a similar con- Questionnaires were mailed to
test last year was announced: Bill I the following persons on August
Sexton, master of ceremonies; i14 and 15 who registered on June
publicity, J. B. Qutgley; pro-!30 ulul who have reached their
gram. Miss Fannye Bcaty and W. j twentieth birthday:
Questionnaires
Are Mailed To
County Men
TERRITORY IS
ATTACKED
London. Aug. 19. (AP) —First
unit* of the Allied rommanion
who smashed at the French coast
returned to a British base isi fa*
spirits thtsaftemoon.
A. Mart„in.
A crowd estimated at 4,000 peo-
ple attended the contest last year
and an ever larger crowd is antic-
ipated for this second annual af-
fair.
Awards of $5, $3 and $2 will be
presented for first, second and
third places respectively. While
these awards are small the oppor-
tunity to compete in a contest of
this nature is believed ample in-
centive to attract the interest of
scores of old fiddlers who live in
this area audi who will welcome
the chance to "bow" with the
best.
Sponsored by the Defense ll'oc-
John Daniel Daly, Percy Son-
nier, Woodrow l.ath,j!IIi. Benton
(Franklin Hawkins. Walter Hay-
mond Jones, Walter Scmeyon
! Verrett, Marshall Hardin, Dennis
Benjamin Willis, Jr., Frank Ka-
fer, Otis Goodman Granger,
1 James Prescott Rounlree. Har-
jvey Henry Harpin, Willard Bre-
. monTnlmer, (J, W. Teal, Floyd
Marshall Stephenson, John Den-
nis Allen, Lcroy Franklin Coffey,
(Ray Adam Colburn, James David
iLaughlln, John Boyd Perry, Jr.,
Travis Lagrand Pilgreen, Jo-
seph Guilford Sonnier, Louis
Jefferson Freeman, O. G. Selmur
reatlon Council, tht City W. P. A. Smith, Abner Walter,Rutledge,
Recreution department Is pro- It,,belt Lee Wiley, Ray Wise, De-
vlding entertainment and planned value liolmont Thompson, Ernest
recreation activities for hundreds | Lin wood, HI, Curtis Mitchell S'leg-
of people every day.
Anyone who wishes may enter
tile f'bntost as there Is no en~
trance fee. Entries may be filed
at the W, P. A. recreation office
liimm 306 new Courthouse build-
ing. ,
mund,
Taylor,.
Charles
Ray
Long,
* r
Jr.,
Cargo ship, of a transpacific convoy steam Into harbor and drop anchor u^er thc guarding guns of
a cruiser, foreground. an<l a destroyer, center, at an undisclosed southwest PacMc base. The Ameri-
can ship# brought supplies and munitions to the United State, force, at the outpost and some of those
supplies now maybe tn use In the offensive against the Japs. - (Central Pttis Phonephoto )
Bottles Boost bonds
the Fuller Funeral home 4in
ange.
Or-
Speed Limits In
School Zones
To Be Enforced
Police Chief J- H. Hudson, an-
nounced today that with the op-
ening of the fall school term the
30 mile speed limit in the city ...
and the. 12 mile speed limit in ntl|uernu,ns-
school zones, will be rigidly en-
forced, and that motorists caught
exceeding the limit, will pay fines,
without exception. This protect-
ive measure for the school chil-
dren, may be put into effect short-
ly before the opening of the school
term, Hudson said.
Southwest of Stalingrad, Red
army patrols were active over-
high! and one was credited with
the destruction of seven Nazi
supply trucks, a searchlight instal-
lation and two anti - aircraft
guns behind the German lines.
Fighting flared again on the
Bryansk front- southwest of Mos-
cow. The information bureau said
a Soviet artillery battery repulsed
eight attacks, wiped «pt a river
crossing and killed at least 500
Four - motored bombers are
T^rtngWTKe-a^^
American aircraft manufacturer
six months ahead 6T schedule.
U§0 Schedule Of
Activities
BRAZIL MAPS
ANTI-AXIS
MSB
.jk. :.y>*pro.
PW-
The Orange USO club schedule
of activities for the week, has
been announced as follows:
WEDNESDAY, August 1%!
Ladies Physcial Fitness*' Class.
9:00 A. M. to 9:45 A. M.
'Pre - school children 3 1-2 to l!
years of age, 9:30 A. M. to 11:0<
A. M.
First Aid Class, 9:00 A. M. t<
11:00 A. M., Study.
USO Cub Scouts, 3 P. M. to f
P. M.
Motor Corps, 8 P. M. to 9 P. M.
Reading Room.
High School Age Social Night
8:30 P- M. to 10:30 P. M. (Brint
records fnr...mm>icL.
AttlHM-2*:
Pre - school children 8 1-2 to <
years of age, 9:30 A. M: to
A. M.
First Aid Class. 9KK) A. M. tr
11:00 A. M.f Study.
Social Game Room for Adults
12 Noon to 5:30 P. M.
FRIDAY. August til
USO Dante, 9:00 P. M. to 12:0f
P. M., Social Room. Featurint
Pegler's 12 piece band. Admis
■ion 50c tax 5c.'i
Ladies Physical Fitness Clas:
9 00 A. M. to 9:45 A. M.
Pre - school children 3 1-2 to
years of age, 9:36 to 11:00 A. M
?v Social Game Room for adults
9:45 A. M. to 4 P. M
SATURDAY. Aucust 22:
Social Room Games for child ret
« to 15 years of age, 9:00 A. M. tr
itf. iSM
Adults Sodlfc Games, 1:00 P.
M- to 10:30 P. M.
— Rio de Janeiro, Aug. 19. (AP)
—All Brazilian soldiers on leave
were recalled urgently to duty
today and the navy forbade fur-
loughs for regular reserves as
this nation at the "gatei of war"
hastened steps to meet me threat
of Axis submarines that. recvntly
sank five Brazilian ships.
One of the submarines lurking
off these coasts was destroyed by
a United States plane, a Brazilian
official announced.
Courthouse
Parking Lot
To Be Improved
A survey has-bqen cnmplcPd
for the project of putting black
isphalt topping on the parking lot
it the rear of the new courthouse
mllding.
r. Thc.catiB.ty. haa.gla«ed~an asdor
for 100 tons of Duraco rock as-
phalt .to be used to improve the
ot which is now surfaced with
.•rushed concrete and brick, Coun-
ty Jtldge S. "J. Caillavet an-
lounced today.
Milk bottles have Joined the cam-
paign to booKt the sale of war bonds.
Miss Jane E. Austin, Treasury
Dept. messenger is shown pourin*
-fr)mt.,nKS.< £-Uie.jieai„lJ,gtrr;)tic milk
bottles. It carries a mcBsageTii riRlT
white and blue to remind all to buy
war bonds.
Weather
East' Texas: Little tcmpaturc
ICO ATTEND
RAID WARDEN
WSTRUCnCJR
More than 100 air - raid war-
dens attended a school of instruc-
tion held Tuesday night in the
district court room at the court-
house when Forest Clough, dep-
uty air - raid chicf discussed or-
ganization and A. J. McKenzie,
city - county civilian defense di-
rector, outlined preparedness
plans.
Fred Lenhard of the Gulf States
Utilities Co.. dlScUssed water sup-
ply and Louis Smaihatl of the
United Gas Company explained
Civilian protection measures in
case of broken gas mains.
Information Please
■i , -:U
Julius Bertram
Malartcon,"Daniel Mluchcl Mos-
teit, Marion William Dennis, Jr.,
llarSon Bryon Ilughes, Hulon Day,
Jr., Walter Iverson Morse, Harry
Henderson Corbett, Eugene Virgil
Williams, •
„Dorris Jaekery, Arnold Louis
Davis, Laurence Dartez, Doris
Lee Frost, Charles l<ehman Ad-
ams, Baxter Brltton. Faires, Har-
old Burton Sitnar, Leon Thomas
| Bingham, Ray Joseph Thibo-
deaux, Harvey Ben Burkett,
MouLIc Kldridge Moran, Jcffi.tr
Ison Clayton Wright, Travis Llns-
jcomb, Clarence Davidson Adams,
Jr., Henry H- Rf>y, Thomas Ber-
Ivln Darrell, Fred Lemcll, Samuel
Sabine riverfront dwellers be-(Sanchez, Alvln Frank Torres,
gan moving fromlhe new housing Dallas Fiji ley Hayes,
site today following official Vwli- DoWltt James Rainwater, We
By Russell Landstrom
London, Aug. 19. (AP) — Unit-
ed States troops landed in France
early today with tanks and heavy
weapons, and more.than nine
hours later they and their Cana-
dian, British and Fighting French
Allies still were waging ferocious
bottle with the Germans around
Dieppe In the greatest commando
assault of the war.
Overhead the United States
army air forces, with both bomb-
era and fighters, and the RAF and
the Royal Canadian Air Force,
maintained a stout umbrella of
protection for the men on the
ground against bitter German air
opposition.
Hour after hour the battle pro-
gressed, with the rumble of heavy
gunfire and the constant roar of
planes audible testimony to the
cope of the conf lict on which Al-
iedTicadrpiartcrs issued terse pe-
iod communiques.
Canadians made up the major-
'hu.Vdrove^
across th<'channel 11 ■ ppe7"S6-r
RIVERFRONT
DWELLERS ARE
ASKEDTOMOVE
fication to vacate, delivered Tues-
day by J. 0, Aber'nathy, U. S.
deputy marshal! of Beaumont.
These squatterd who live in
households along the river and
old ferry landing canal and in
ley David Raymer, Ellsworth
GcntryuJohn Harry Edgerton, Ml
liain John Rasberry, Joseph Johr
Lucia, Willie Earl Duhon, Jr.
John Clayton Thomas'','" Anthon)
Louis Pavla, Jr., Juel Eugene How
shacks along the river bank, have .ell-
known for the past Six weeks that ''"hn Winfred Staples, Jr., Wil
they would eventually have toj"«m Moore Scluiit, Grady EdwU
move as the housing project pro-
gressed.
The huge dredge, filling in the
lowland for the new housing site,
has been moved into the area this
week from the upper section of
the site.
Twenty - five received notices
to move out by Thursday night. '
Smith-& Bughnell |-£^,
Employees Buy
U. S. War Bonds
Employees of Smith and Bush-
ncll Dry Cleaners has subscrib-
chancc tllis afternoon and tonight; 100 percent to the firms pay-
occasional thundershowers near, r°" deduction plan for the pur-
tlie coast this afternoon and on. chase of war bonds, it was an-
the upper coast tonight, moderate nounc(*l today by W. A. McNeill
to fresh winds on the coast.
secretary manager of thiS Retail
Merchants Association.
To Lecture Here
A marriage license was Issued
Tuesday at the county clerk's of-1
fice to Joe Slaughter and Mrs.
Stella Copeland of Orange.
. 1
r
Benefit Party
Given By CYO
| The benefit bingo party given
last night by the Junior St. Mtt-
iry's Catholic Youth Organization
at St. Mary's school hall,
j was well attended. The games be-
gan at eight o'clock and pr;zcs
'were awarded the winners.
I Cakes, Coco Cola and Orange
benefit the C. Y. O.
CITY BRIEFS
PLANE BASE RAIDED --
London. Aiig. 19. (AP) — Unit- Blr WalUr Monckton, one ot Brit-
h1 States flying fortresses raided
1 German fighter plane base at
Vbbeville today during the land-
ng raid operations " at Dieppe,
Jnitcd States army headquarters
innounced. ; j,: .
A rcrriniiinMIU*1-1 nM| bomb
jurats were seen on the target
irea, and alt the big tour-motoi
planes returned safely.
sin's most famed lawyer*, speaks
to reporters In New York City
following his arrival from Lon-
don. He is scheduled to address
a meeting of the American Bar
association In Detroit, Aug. 24.
ON LEAVE -
Harvey Prince, stationed with
the U.-'S. Navy on the wfst coast,
is spending a seven day leave in
Orange with his parents, Mr. and
:Mrs. A. H. Prince. H<? leave
on his return trip Thursday night.
DRAFT BOARDS AGAIN
Glendale. Cafif. (AP) — The
Union #rmy rejected Eaton J.
Merchant in 1861 because of poor
Monrktoiliwda the British titles .health
of King Commander of the Vic- | Merchant died yesterday at the
iortan Order and King's Counsel ,agt of 101. His family said he
and la holder of the Unitary |had been active until a few
monthb bclore hi* death.
When a war occupational survey
was made recently, it was brought
to light. that Dorothy Kirsten,
pearini; in a series of operatic re-
vivals at the Paper-Mill Playhouse,
Milburn. N. J., can also operate a
switchboard. Miss Kirsten, who
originally was a telephone opera-
tor, is shown checking .* directory
- -for "information."
* --v—«■ (Central Preu >
Advantages Of
UvS^-Navy-
Service Listed
C«tfcy, Luther Howard Pasey
Clnudie Webster McCarty, Bufon
Adam Ooudcau, Louis Bower:
Matthews, Jphn Dennis Green-
berg, Louis Westtm Romaro, Jor
ry Asberry Tate,
Frank L. IJrupusnrd, Earl Loui:
Bourgeois, James Clarence Mou-
ton, Ollie Howard, Cart D. Car
-roll, Jerry Retail Hunt, John Lou
Is Brown, John Lee Wilkinson, Jr,
,Asa Btirwood Hatton, Monroe 0-
!vid Slater,
Wayne Painter, Cecil Van.Wil-
le^. Roy VWnon Wimbrow, bew-
ey Oee TSwreitorTJr;—tleniiai
| Court House
j and v
! City Hall Briefs
Only one real estate transfer
was filed Tuesday at -the office of
the county clerk, that being from
W. P.-Brown to J- E. Lowe Sr.,
3.79 acfcirin the W. C. Sharp sur-
vey. $10.
Since the Increased rate of pay
ill id the recent bill granting ad-
ditional, allowances for depend-
ents, many men are enlisting in i
the Navy and continuing the sup- | Andrew Ingram, James C'utti.
port of their families as well asjForeman, Samuel Mitns, Wllllan
Augustine Varella, Stanley Jlow
ard Reason, Ralph Roy Ifeavener
Walter Woodward, II, Earl Frank-
lin Kelley, Walter Grimes Sarver
. Alex James Ellis, Willis Jomei
Stout, Sampson Jones, Robei
liPriniaryElection
Supplies Are
Received Here
Election supplies for the August
22 run-off primary In Orange
county will be delivered to the
voting precfticts on Friday and the
polls Will open at 8 a. m. Satur-
day to close at 7 p. m.
More than 50 absentee vqte*
had been received at' me. .county
clerk's office before the deadline.
successfully continuing payments
on their existing obligations.
"Patriotism, common sense, and
the instinct of self - preBut-valiori
are'? foepmost in the minds of all
men within' the ages affected by
Selective Service, and it is diffi-
cult to understand why these men
.in not enlist their talents against
the Axis Powers while there arc
♦till advanced ratings open for
.•nllstment In the U. S. Navy", C.
u. Stanton Offlcer-ln-Charge of
.he Beaumont Office stated.
The Beaumont station covering
Qrahge, enlisted 257 men during
the month 6f July and an appeal
C. Blankenstcln, Maxle Arlcdgc
Adonis Joseph Mcaux, Dougla
Earl Bird,
Raymond Hewitt Ellison, E- J
Smith, Joseph Melvln Dcreke
Jartett f.ewis Cameron, Jesse
Jones, David .Jones, Rupert Lei
Roberts, Clarence Allen Nogtiess
Alton Theodore Cruse, Waltei
Hugh McNeely, An>os Andre:
Kay, m
Lawrence Cuidry, Clarence T
Qi'uy, James Monroe Fogle, Jr.
John Logan Hatcllff, Cecil Cieborr
Scales, Harvey Helton Coopei
Max Roy Oeldj>rd, t,ouis Josep
Dubuisson, James Halbert Law
'2
odd miles from Beachy Mead, .the ,
nearest point in England, and 100 I
miles from Paris.
Announcements from United
States army and Allied combined
operations headquarters disclosed
the Americans, British special ser-
vice troops and the Fighting
French ull were in action.
The Americans, specially chosen
from a host of volunteers as the
first American fighting men to
set fool on. the continent of an em-
battled Europe since 1017. proud-
ly wore the title "Rangers" — af-
ter the famous Rogers' Rangers
whobe bold exploits made history
n the French and Indian war at
American colonial days ISO years
ago.. -
First announced fruits of—-the
raid were destruction of a six-gun
German battery and an ammuni-
tion dump by troops who landed
>11 the rlghJtJ^unk, accomplished
their mission and were reemberk- -
;d by the British navy, which fer- ;_m
■led all the fortes across to
Franco. '' ' ■ vf ..'f-!--S
On the left flank the Canadiart*
irst were repulsed by strong Ger- -«
nan opposition, but bounded back
to carry the beach by assault
•vhile their comrades were pushing
links ashore ui the center for t^te
nain thrust, which a nfaon an-
touncement said still was contin-
ulng.
The landings were accomplish-
)d at every point selected in ad-
vance In a carefully - planned,
.'losoly secret operation that Am-
erican officers of all services help-
id to arrange.
The'Germans made no attempt
belittle—th*--smpe-oL-the.
4
1ifiiJetiflgft!^cr'tnott^en"Ir^th«|«0hf
Tftjiiin to tonlii/'t 'In. U. Sf Navy 1 Jimmlc Otis Pcveto, Robei
Recruiting StibiStatKm, 310 Pro. «a7HerBHRWri7ltntph-'«enry
Building Beaumont, and investi* tor, Thtimas Harvey Gates, Ash
gate the advantage of enlisting in P. Sonnier, Donald Eugen.
any of the 4 skilled jobs that GoodselJ, tkiward Percy Qo^-.
are open to qualified men, either win, Jr.i Rivers Lciuls Gutilotte
In General Service or the1 "'Sea-
bees".
Army bakeries do not bake pas-
tries, so they ail use the same
grade of flour, enriched, ftour of
straight grade. Pies~*nd cakes
for the soldiers are provided in
mess kitchens by Army
hot by bakers. fejK;
Marlon Lynwood Jones, Carltoi
Henry Miller, -
|—^ James Oral Cumonings, Bart M
NEW NUMBERS NEEDED BaJtenger, Samuel Eugene Win-
Kansas City. (AP) — The tele- gate, Clifton Edwain Mitchell
phone -company; besieged with t Unnald Joseph O'Brien, Ervlr
complaints from subscribers do- Herbert Stienke, Robert Edwart.
manding telephone numbers, is Paige, Thomas Jerald McAfee
:going to do something about it as!Resell Rylander, Paul Dennis
soon as one of its executives can Wcrth, James Roy Powell.
think, of a good word beginning
with the letters A-X.
The squawks are comlAg from
the customers on the Axis ex-
change — so named because the
company needed the ax combina-
tion tor us% in dial phones. ;
John B. Doirman, Lawrence Gar-
ret Schlicher, Russell Fuller, Er
neirt Theodore Hillberg. Charles
Elmer Strawn, Harrison Col-
burne Woodland, Jack Frank
ton Badgers. Fvank Tims.
James I. Curtis, '
•ault, and claimed they had
thrown even their naval forces
nto the bitter conflict.
The Hritish radio urgently
warned the French public that
•he raid — strongest of the nu-
net ous commando smashes '^ up
>nd down the coasts of Nasi - rul-
•d Europe since March. 1041 "
vas not an invasion.
-The French were cautioned not
o rise In support of the A)ties uh-
.11 they should be given the word,
lest there be a repetition of the
ragic St. Naz-aire battle, in which
rrench patriots battled the Natis
or days after British commandos
lad withdrawn and drew stern
cprtsal* from the Germans.
The Amcj^can Rangers, said a
Jnlted States army bulletin, were
'specially selected task troops''
'JMuu from an avalanche of
oliitiVers" for ci>mmando tram-
hg In the British Isles.
-Uiwtcd Jjlutou nflOTM;a..-it—was...
nnounccd, are 'V-rving a* P' n-
ers of the British, navy, ftpo^-:
nd royal airf«lM " on the staff of
A rd U)uis Mofntbatteo, supreme -
lit' f of the commando*.
Those American officers mclud-
Brig. Gen. L. K Trustcott. ^Ir.,
\rmy, of Charlottesvillf. Va.;
.'ommander E, B. Strauas. Navy2
>f Washington. D. C.; Lieut C«rf.
H. D. Campbell, Marines, of Ver-
nunt; Lieut. Col. I>>ren B. HIH-
"■inger. Army Air Force*, Wash-
• rig ton, I) C ; Major T. J. Con-
way. Army. >,1 San Francisco; Ms-
ior P. Mr HamilMv Army Air
New Y01'.:: Major J !'■
Lawrence, Army, of Los Angeles.
Capt O. W. Embury. A
Milwaukee; and Lieut.
Fairbanks. Navy, of Los 1
4
m
mm
m
Amy,
Upcoming Pages
Here’s what’s next.
Search Inside
This issue can be searched. Note: Results may vary based on the legibility of text within the document.
Tools / Downloads
Get a copy of this page or view the extracted text.
Citing and Sharing
Basic information for referencing this web page. We also provide extended guidance on usage rights, references, copying or embedding.
Reference the current page of this Newspaper.
Quigley, J. B. The Orange Leader (Orange, Tex.), Vol. 29, No. 196, Ed. 1 Wednesday, August 19, 1942, newspaper, August 19, 1942; Orange, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth221115/m1/1/: accessed July 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Lamar State College – Orange.