The Hereford Brand, Vol. 11, No. 28, Ed. 1 Friday, August 18, 1911 Page: 2 of 8
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The Hereford Brand Friday, August 18, 1911
Irrigation Methods
y sAMtra. rotm
A&mtm of Timely Articl** oa AppMn Water to Diffwwrt Crops
to ObtaU Boat Result*.
The following articles written by
Samuel Foster, Chief of Irrigation
Investigations for Experiment Sta-
tions, U. S. A., will be of interest to
all who wish to study irrigation
methods:
irrigating rice.
.In 1909 the farmers of Louisiana,
Texas, and Arkansas received over
$18,000,000 for their irrigated rice
crop. The well drained, rich soil of
that warm, humid region, when
abundantly supplied with water at
. the proper time, is well adapted to
the needs of this crop. Unlike most
crops, rice must not only be flooded,
but the top soil must be kept either
continuously moist or submerged for
a considerable part of the time. In
the river sections of Louisiana two
systems of culture, the wet and the
dry, are employed. In the wet
method the fields are flooded and
plowed in the water to a depth of
two and a half to four inches in April
or early in May. The seed is sown
broadcast and harrowed in, after
which the water is turned off and the
rice speedily germinates. In the
dry method the land is plowhd, har-
rowed, and seeded from the middle
of March to the first of July in a
manner similar to the treatment
given other cereals. Under both
methods a little water is turned on
when the rice is four to six inches
high. If the water is cold it must
be used sparingly on early rice,
while on late rice a sufficient depth
ot water must be maintained to pre-
vent scalding. Unless the crop is
attacked by insects the water after
being turned on is kept on continu-
ously until withdrawn previous to the
harvest.
In the prairie districts of Louis-
iana, Texas, and Arkansas, where
over eighty-five per cent of the total
yield of this country is grown, the
fields are plowed two to three inches
deep at any convenient time beween
the harvesting of one crop and the
planting of the next. Unless the
soil is very hard no irrigation is
needed before seeding. The most
common varieties are Honduras and
Japan rice, the acreage in the former
being about double that of the latter.
Japan rice grows more slowly, re-
qu; '^about fifteen days more time
to mature. Advantage is taken of
this to increase tne length of the
growing season as well as that of the
irrigation season, in order that the
largeet possible acreage may be han-
dled by a given number of laborer;.
The time of seeding extends from
the middle of March to July. The
Honduras rice is planted first and
there is usually sufficient rainfall to
germinate the seed. In case irriga-
tion water is needed to sprout the
seed, it should not be allowed to re-
main more than a few hours or it
will cause the seed to rot. Water
as a rule, is not needed on the Japan
rice, or again on the Honduras rice,
until the plants are from four to six
inches high. Water is at first used
sparingly, but the surface is flooded
when the rice attains a height of six
to eight inches. As in the case of
the river rice, the fields are continu-
ously flooded from this time until
shortly before the crop is harvested.
In the river districts of Louisiana
the water required is obtained by
siphoning it over the levees from the
river, or, in case of low water, from
pools into which it has been pumped.
In the prairie districts large canal
systems supplied by pumping plants
and irrigating extensive tracts are
common. The pumping plants oper-
ate against heads ranging from ten
to seventy feet, and are mads of
sufficient capacity to furnish seven
to eight gallons per minute for each
acre irrigated. One cubic fcot of
water per second would thus serve
about sixty acres.
Modifications of the check method
of land preparation prevail through
out the rice districts. In the past
the levees were far apart, but later
practice has fully demonstrated the
advantages of having three to five
contours in each foot of vertical
elevation instead of only two, as was
the former custom. This allows
corresponding reduction in the height
of the levees and the size of the
checks. The lesson which experi
ence has taught in the rice fields of
the Gulf States, as well as in the
San Joaquin Valley of California, is
that the low levee with a broad,
evenly trimmed base is best and pre
sents the least obstruction to farm
operations.
irrigating alfalfa.
Stated generally, alfalfa is irriga-
2AL ADVANCES
* GOc PER TON SEPT. 1, 1911
"Niggerhead Coal is Best"
The quality of
better in summer
ter get next. It is
fact that we s«l tl
The qualityW
is just as high a
the lowest.
!oal is much
id you'd bet-
well known
best coal.
>ur feedstuffs
>ur prices are
"Niggerhead Coal is Best"
WUHER
K
Texas
TEI
SCHOOL SHOES!
n
We have fust received a large as"
sortment of school shoes. They are the
kind that will wear best and longest and
and give satisfaction. We recommend
these shoes to be the strongest and best
line we have ever carried and invite you
to see them.
Knee P
Our Fall line is injihe house
is a fine assortment, /irot are
like you want them,'
Good Value
Reasonable
Come in and see them.
L
H. C.MYRICK
<2
G. k. F. Parkej/ President
AiJ. Lipscomb, Cashier
Heard Wilkiasqfl, Asst. Cashier
Gin to Serve You
ERMAFTS ROT ALLOWEO
/^is tailor.
ted by flooding in the Rocky Moun-
tain states, from furrows in the north-
west, and in borders and checks in
the southwest and California. The
amount of water, usually designated
the ''head," required for flooding
varies from fifty to two hundred
miner's inches. This quantity is
conveyed to the hightest point of the
field in a supply ditch and is there
divided among two or more field lat-
erals, the number served depending
on the total head. The least head
for any one lateral is seldom less
than forty inches. When water is
admitted into a lateral it is checked
at a point 100 feet or more below the
place of entrance. These checks
may be earth, course manure cover-
ed with'earth on the upstream face,
canvas, or wood. The effect of any
of these checks is to raise the water
until it flows over the low places or
through openings made with a shovel.
Any excess water is caught up by the
next lower lateral and when the soil
is thoroughly soaked to a depth of
about twelve incnes, the check is
Woken or removed to a point lower
I town and the flooding of the adjacent
of land is begun. One man
4 water from about two to five
acres in twelve hours.
The fine soils found in parts of the
northwest have a tendency to run to-
gether and form a crust after water
is spread over the surface. Inor^er
to prevent puddling and bakink,
which injure crops, (he soil is mois1-
tened from furrowi. The spacing*
of the furrows varies from twelve to
forty-sight inches, depending on the
rediness with which the water mois-
tens the dry earh on each side of
the furrow.
Water is tuned into these from
head ditches, usually through spouts
or tubes. Wh/n a field is properly
prepared the ask of irrigating by'
this method ispasjr. Ia sandy loam j
and with furrows 500 to 1,000 feet j
long the wate;is allowed to run for
about two diys. At first a larger j
head is used bst sifter the bottom of'
$4.00 For $1.50.
Read the advertisement elsewhere
in tnis issue and see bow this can be
done. $4.00 worth of real stuff for
$1.50 and this includes a year's
subscription to the Brand. The
Black Beauty Kitchen Set is guar-
anteed by the factory to be as good
as tne best. Come in to see the set.
for PROFIT
Use for R< It.
FOLEY, K1DN Y PILLS
each furrowi^mdtA «naller stream
will suffice.
In irrigating alfalfa in checks large
le.
heads are t^e rul
In the Modesto
and Turlc'g ^rigation districts of
California ' r more cubic feet per
second i^^jlmonly used. With
this head or four checks, each
averagin/f ut three-fourth of an
u«d on Next Pave)
work
idek an
their benefi
For BA
IDERTR
ITION
TION
[URIN
exercise a
losko m actio
F.vS. Rexford
, Kansas
ft severe
the kidney8,
ry passages,
t is felt from the
e, kidney and
.rheumatism
kidneys, in-
e bladder and
regularities
lent benefit.
OUICK IN RSSULT*
IS N ew York Life
City, Mo., says:
attack of a cold
salt led in my back and kid-
I was in great pain from
A friend recommended
ey Pills and I used two
them and they have done
me a vrforld of good."
IErns-GLBBI,DrDggisls'
t
l
I
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Elliot, A. C. The Hereford Brand, Vol. 11, No. 28, Ed. 1 Friday, August 18, 1911, newspaper, August 18, 1911; Hereford, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth253617/m1/2/?q=%22Elliot%2C+A.+C.%22: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Deaf Smith County Library.