The Mountain Eagle (Sierra Blanca, Tex.), Vol. 7, No. 32, Ed. 1 Friday, March 12, 1926 Page: 4 of 5
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THE MOUNTAIN EAGLE. SIERRA "l.ANCA. TEXAS. MARCH 12, 1926
BUILD DAIRY HERD
ON QUALITY BASIS
Soundness, type, and performance
are the three qualities for which to
look In buying cows or bulls to build
up a herd. To largely increase the
production of a herd is a slow process,
but It is much more difficult when the
original animals are not carefully se-
lected.
The three characteristics listed,
meaning freedom from disease, out-
ward evidence of breed character and
dairy ability, and the recorded ability
to produce milk and butterfat econom-
ically are the prime requisites for
which the dairyman should look.
Dairymen get considerable Income
from the sale of surplus stock, and
therefore should be Interested in so
selecting cows for their herds and in
bo handling that this surplus will
bring a top price.
I'rof. H. A. Hopper of the New York
State College of Agriculture at
Ithaca makes these statements, and
follows them with remarks on breed-
ing. He says it takes a highly pre-
potent bull to get good offspring from
a herd of scrubby females, lie says
that a good sire may be expected to
•overcome some deficiencies in the cow-,
but that not all sires are worthy of
such confidence.
"Moreover, it Is wasteful to use a
bull of great merit on Inferior cows
when the effort would be so much
more productive on cows of higher
quality. The lower the quality of
cows used, the less the proportion of
offspring worth keeping. For economic
reasons such a procedure is not worth
while where more satisfactory cows
are readily obtainable.
"Get cows which have at least fair
type, and give promise of the ability
to produce. This latter point eah be
confirmed by testing them. It adds to
their value if they have good dairy
points and are out of families which
carry these qualities in a high per-
centage of cases. This indicates that
such factors are well fixed and may
!>e expected to appear in the offspring.
This Is fully as Important as select*
Ing the sire. Don't overlook health."
Better Feeds Increase
Profits for Dairy Man
Last winter, Professor Falrchlld
Drought six cows Into Purdue univer-
sity. Of these, four were Holsteins,
one was a Jersey and there was one
Guernsey. All of these had cow-test-
ing association records. At the uni-
versity, they were given full rations
to see what difference feeding could
make In their production and profit.
In the cow-testing association they
had averaged 268 days in milk and In
that time they had produced 5,244
pounds of milk and 210 pounds of fat
at a feed cost of $40.79. The income
over feed was $75.50 each.
Upon being given a full feed of the
4-2-1 mixture in 248 days (20 less days
than the average in the cow testing as-
sociations) they averaged 7,978 pounds
of milk and 290.6 pounds of fat. The
feed cost was $61.33 while the Income
over feed cost was $119.84 per cow.
Certainly It would have paid the
original owners of these cows to have
fed them better. True, the cost of
feeding was increased in milk and but-
terfat produced. There was a 52 per
cent Increase in milk, a 38 per cent
Increase in butterfat but the feed cost
was Increased only 50 per cent whll*s
the Income above feed cost was In-
creased 58 per cent.
Freezing Has Decidedly
Harmful Effect on Milk
Freezing has a decidedly Injurious
effect on milk and cream, as nearly
every housewife has observed.
But it is not commonly known, says
the dairy department at Itutgers uni-
versity, that within certain limits the
longer milk or cream remains frozen
the more pronounced the bad effects
become. The fat rises and is partly
churned and the casein appears In
flakes. Such milk or cream is not as
readily digested as an unfrozen
product and does not keep as well. .
Milk that has been frozen is unsuit-
able for making junket and, like
frozen cream, is almost useless for
coffee. If either is placed in coffee the
rises as a disagreeable oil and the
casein remains in fine flakes, refusing
to give the drink Its desired "creamed"
appearance. This frequently results In
unjustified criticism of the dairyman.
Much of the difficulty can be pre-
vented by having a covered box whore
the milkman can leave the bottles. Un-
lets the weather Is very severe this
will delay freezing for several hours
An Increasing number of dairy com-
panies are changing their winter
schedule so that deliveries are made
daring the daytime.
Farm Societies
Have Weaknesses
Every- Director Must Feel
That He Has Accepted
Position of Trust.
(Prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
One of the serious weaknesses of
many agricultural co-operatives is the
tendency of members of boards of di-
rectors to shirk responsibility in the
matter of management.
"Too frequently," says the United
States Department of Agriculture, "the
individual member looks upon his ele-
vation to the office of director merely
as a recognition of his standing in the
community. Such an attitude is un-
fortunate and until every director
comes to feel that lie has accepted a
trusteeship for the successful conduct
of the business, co-operative enter-
prises will fail of attaining the full
ineusure of success they wish to
achieve."
Every Director Obligated.
This trusteeship, say the department,
obligates every director to inform him-
self thoroughly respecting tlie opera-
tions of the business with which he
has become vitally connected. In ad-
dition he will need to understand fully
the broader principles upon a thorough
working knowledge of which depends,
to a large extent, the degree of success
and progress of the business.
"If lack of interest is a weakness,"
says a department economist, "the
wrong kind of interest Is equally bad.
Too frequently one finds the board In-
terfering Instead of directing, it Is
the duty of the board to formulate
policies and to see that these policies
are carried out by the executives. Dic-
tation by the board of the petty detail
of day to day operation is not 'formu-
lating policies. It is interference.
Such interference can only result icr
unstable and unsatisfactory manag-
ment."
Unwise Management.
Probably the most frequent cause of
unwise management, he points out, Is
a lack of essential facts, or if these
be at hand, an unwillingness to face
the facts. To the extent that the
board of directors makes a real effort
to understand the demand for its prod-
ucts, and to formulate price and mer-
chandising policies on the basis of all
the facts, rather than on the basis of
mere opinion, he says, will Its .activi-
ties contribute to whatever measure of
success Is achieved.
Opinion That Silage Is
Not Fit Food for Bulls
The opinion that silage is not a tit
feed for bulls that are heading herds
prevails quite generally.
Whenever a sire becomes Impotent
one of the first questions asked is:
"Do you give him silage?" This has
led many to fear the feed like poison,
far as the bull Is concerned.
In view of this the experience of
Prof. W. J. Fraser, head of the de-
partment of dairy husbandry of Illi-
nois College of Agriculture, Is enlight-
ening. Professor Fraser says: "I
have fed Holstein bulls 40 pounds of
silage a day with no serious result In
any way, when they were worked
night and morning on the tread power.
I think the amount of silage that can
be fed depends entirely upon the
amount of exercise the bull gets. If
he stands around all the time the sil-
age should be limited, or lie will get
too large In the barrel and too logy."
Milk-Producing Cow Is
Entitled to Good Feed
In order to be most profitable, all
live stock must be fed for a definite
purpose: For Instance, a dry beef
cow can be maintained very success-
fully and very cheaply on coarse,
cheap feed such as corn fodder, corn
silnge, hay and straw. It would be a
waste of money to feed such a cow
any considerable amount of grain. A
cow producing milk through the win-
ter months, however, requires a good
grain ration liberally fed in addition
to a liberal supply of good roughage
and it would be Just as much a waste
of money not to give this grain to the
cow in milk as it would be to give It
to the dry cow that doesn't need It.
Likewise there are proper feeds and
proper amounts of feed required by
every type of live stock and the
most economical and profitable feed-
ing practice Is to give each type of
animal the kind and amount of feed
needed by that type of animal.
CAUSE OF SCABBY
LEGS IN POULTRY
To Exclude Fruit Stock
The Department of Agriculture has
Indicated that it will confirm the rec-
ommendations mnde last, summer by
nurserymen and horticulturists to re-
strict the importation of fruit and
rose stocks, in making these recom-
mendations the nurserymen's state-
ment includes the suggestion that the
members of the association should
heartily co-operate with the American
growers of seeding fruit stocks and
rose stocks In their efforts to organize
and develop production to the extent
that It may be reasonably depended
upon as an adequate source of supply.
UNION COUNTY, KENTUCKY, HAS
DISPOSED OF ITS SCRUB SIRES
<s>~
First Community in Country
to Accomplish Feat.
(Prepared by the United Statee Department
of Agriculture.)
The manner In which Union county.
Ky., disposed of Its last scrub bull Is
described by County Agent It. O. Wil-
son in a report received by the United
States Department of Agriculture. A
survey made early In the year showed
that cattle owners In Union county
had in use 103 pure-bred bulls, 22
grades and seven scrubs. Through
publicity and personal interviews with
owners of grade and scrub bulls, the
county agent succeeded I.-, getting the
last scrub bull In the county removed
during the year. Of the 22 grade bulls
only four remained, und their owner*
are planning to replace them with
pure breds. This county appears i
be tb« Ant ** the United Buuw an- j
tlrely free from scrub bulls, and It
is very close to a pure-bred sire basis
with respect to Its breeding stock.
The present status u the result of
live stock betterment work started five
years ago by County Agent L. C.
Brewer.
On January 1, 1020, 550 live stock
owners in this county were participat-
ing In the "Better Sires—Better
Stock" Campaign conducted by the va-
rious • states and the United States
Department of Agriculture. All of
these stock owners have agreed to
use puretired males exclusively in all
breeding operations. Material finan-
cial benefits already are evident in
the superior quality of the ou-coiulng
young stock.
Grapevines Thrive in a
Wide Variety of Soils
Grapevines thrive In a wide variety
of soils. Those that are too shallow,
wet or excessively dry should lie avoid-
ed. Sandy loams, loams and gravelly
loams grow vigorous vines that carry
productive crops, says a writer in the
Rural New Yorker. In commercial
practice the vineyard is plowed early
in the spring, then the soil Is worketl
Into a fine texture through cultivation
and thus kept until the latter part of
July. At this time a seeding of clover,
millet, rape or rye and hairy vetch
should be made. The crop thus put In
Is allowed to occupy the ground until
the following spring, when it Is plowed
under. The home vineyard should be
plowed or the soil spaded about the
vines, and all weed growth suppressed
during the active growing season.
Usually frequent hand hoeing will suf-
fice to accomplish this end.
Grapevines over a wide range of
country are responding wit'.i increased
growth and productiveness through the
use of nitrate of soda scattered about
the vines in early spring just as leaf
growth Is starting. The usual treat-
ment per vine is six ounces of the ma-
terial. Some commercial grower use
twice this quantity per vine wltB good
results. It might be well to begin
with the smaller amount and gradual*
ly Increase It If occasion requires.
Thfc unsightly disease which affects
the legs of fowls, causing them to
1 swell and become distorted, is due to
j a mite, a small Insect which Is sluii-
I lar In appearance to that which
causes scab in sheep. It is roundlsh-
| oval and semi-transparent, about one
eight-hundredth of an inch in length,
appearing, when magnified 400 di-
ameters, about half an Inch long. Be-
neath the scales there are spongy,
scabby growths, In which the eggs
and pupae of the mites are to be seen
in great numbers. The pupae are
very similar In shape to mature mites,
but are very much smaller, appear-
ing, when viewed with the above-
mentioned power, about one-tenth of
an inch in length. The disease, being
of a similar character to the scab In
sheep, or the mange In dogs and cat-
tle, may he cured by the same treat-
ment. Fowls were cured of this dis-
ease. before accurately knowing the
cause, by applying to the legs a mix-
ture of lard with one-twentieth part
of carbolic acid. This should be ap-
plied with a stiff brush, such as one
of those sold with bottles of mucilage.
A very small painter's sash-brush
would answer the purpose; but some-
thing must be used by which the
medicated grease can be npplied thor-
oughly to the crevices between the
scales.
A mixture of equal parts of lard or
sweet-oil and kerosene will be equally
as effective as the carbolic acid mix-
ture. It Is probable that lard, or oil
alone, would be effective, but the
kerosene more easily penetrates be-
tween the scales and the carbolic acid
Is sure death to the parasites. The
remedy being so simple, it will be
Inexcusable If this disagreeable affec-
tion is suffered to remain in a flock;
while, however, one fowl Is troubled
with it, It will certainly spread, as the
mites will burrow beneath the scales
of the other fowls. If precautions are
generally used, the parasite can be
exterminated. Whenever affected
Jowls are sent out, the disease goes
with them.
Good Roads Lead to Joy
The author of a recent treatise on
the economic cost of sin to the United
States estimates it at $13,000,000,000
a year, certainly a startling sum. The
bureau of public roads at Washington
says that the current year will wit-
ness the construction of 24,000 miles
of Improved highways In the United
States at a cost of more than a billion
dollars. A billion dollars for roads,
large as It is, Is small compared with
the annual waste of ? 13,000,000,000 for
forms of self-gratification, described
as sin. "The wages of sin is death,"
according to high authority, but good
roads lead to economic efficiency and
Joy and prosperity that will endure.
Pullets Grown Rapidly
Will Give Best Profit
A study of the relation of certnin
factors'In the single comb White Leg-
horns at the University of Idaho agri-
cultural experiment station showed
that the more a pullet weighed when
she started laying, the heavier were
the first ten eggs she laid. The larg-
est pullets, as measured by their maxi-
mum weight for the yeai*. laid eggs
that averaged the heaviest for the
year.
Tills Is an important consideration
because in the past, early maturity,
as Indicated by a small number of
days from the date of hatch to date
of first egg, has been emphasized. It
Is quite natural to expect that the
pullets that begin laying early weigh
less when they start to lay than thoso
that take a longer time to mature.
Rapid bodily maturity is, therefore, as
essential as rapid sexual maturity, as
indicated by the laying of the Hrfct
egg.
No correlation was found to exist
between the size of the pullet and her
yearly production. The Inrge pullet
laying a large egg would seem desir-
able. The large pullet, however, ma-
tures too slowly and Is n less efficient
egg producer. Efficient management
calls for pullets of medium size, ma-
tured normally, both bodily and sex-
ually. The Indications are that such
pullets have the best chance of being
producers of standard eggs as well as
an equal chance of being high pro-
ducers.
mum
QHANINQ5
USE OIL EMULSION
TO CONTROL SCALE
There is a growing tendency among
apple growers to substitute oil emul-
sions for lime-sulphur for the control
of scale insects, especially the San
Jose scale. A number of growers In
New York state, particularly In the
Hudson riwr valley, where apple scab
Is not a major problem, used oil emul-
sions with bonVaux during the past
season for the delayed-dormant spray.
Their thought In using the oil was to
control the scale and rosy aphid, and
with the bordeaux they hoped to elimi-
nate the light infection of apple scab
with which they are sometimes trou-
bled, writes Glenn \V. llerrlck in the
Rural New Yorker. The formula
which we believe safest to use Is as
follows: Potash llsh-oll soap, two
pouuds; red engine or diamond par-
affin oil, two gallons; water (soft), one
gallon.
This emulsion is known as the lubri-
cating oil emulsion. It is being wide-
ly used in the Middle West to combat
the San Jose scale. A 2 per cent
emulsion Is employed for application
to the trees while they are In the dor-
mant stage In the early spring, and
even up to and Including the delayed-
dormant stage. The 2 per cent emul-
sion Is obtained by putting the whole
batch of stock emulsion containing the
two gallons of oil in a 100-gallon tank,
and then filling the tank with soft
water.
The growers in the Hudson river
valley have combined the oil with a
8-3-100 bordeaux mixture by adding
the batch of stock emulsion to 1)7 gal-
lons, of the bordeaux, the latter being
made up In the usual way by using
three pounds of copper sulphate, three
pounds of fresh stone lime, and UK)
gallons of water. This combination of
2 per cent ffil and 3-3-100 bordeaux has
been applied during the delayed dor-
mant period without Injury. The oil
should aid in the control of the oyster-
shell scale, and the bordeaux, although
weak, should aid in checking the scab.
We believe, however, that further ap-
plications of bordeaux or lime-sulphur
should be made for the scab, especial-
ly if this disease Is prevalent and so
rlous In Nova Scotia.
«j
Orchard Problem to Get
Apples to Bear Early
The first apples borne on a tree are
/ts most valued ones. The first crop
is rarely large enough to more than
check the mounting expense connected
with starting an orchard. This small
financial help Is, however, especially
welcome. The early fruits also give
promise of better times ahegd. At
least, one of the most discussed or-
chard cultural problems Is the one of
getting early bearing.
What should he done or not done
to get apples to bear at an early or
chard age? At times the answer seem*
clear; at other times It Is not so def-
inite. Trees which grow very much
are usually late In bearing unless they
produce terminal and lateral blossoms
at an early age. Checking the wood
growth usually helps early fruiting,
but starved trees are late In bearing.
Pruning Is commonly found to delay
bearing, but there are frequent and
marked Instances of cutting having
hastened blossom hud formation.
Sometimes the use of readily mail-
able nitrogenous fertilizers brings
trees Into bearing, and at other times
It unquestionably retards early fruit-
ing.
Dark brown or black spots In pota-
toes may result from piling them too
deeply In bins, from lack of ventila-
tion, m um much warmth.
Wisconsin Experts Give
Rations for the Chicks
For chicks the first ten days Wiscon-
sin experts recommend this corn cake:
Finely ground corn, 1 pint; wheat
>ran, 1 teacupful; soda, 1 teaspoon-
ful; sour milk, 1 teacupful. Bake one
lour hnd feed four times a day. Mix
a little dry grain chick feed into the
'ltter to induce exercise.
After the first few days the follow-
«ng mash is recommended, either fed
dry or mixed crumbly with water or
*our milk: Corn meal, 1">0 pounds;
wheat bran, 100 pounds; wheat mid-
dlings, 100 pounds; rolled oats, 25
pounds; meat scrap, 20 pounds; oil
meal, 6 pounds; salt. 3 pounds.
The poultry department of Cornell
university recommends this ration for
fattening, with milk, and fed wet;
Corn meal, 50 pounds; white wheat
middlings, 20 pounds; ground heavy
oats, 10 pounds. This Is to he mixed
to a batter, fresh at each feeding, with
buttermilk or skim milk. It will re-
quire approximately two pounds of
milk to one pound of mash.
Propagating Currants in
Spring Is Favored Plan
Currants will strike root readily Ir.
most any way they are handled. Some-
times they are planted out in the fall
directly after being cut, but ordinarily
they are either burled outdoors butts
up «>r else stored In a cool cellar s«.
as to hasten callus formation, and
then In the spring they are planted
out. The length of cutting depends
mostly upon the amount of wood avail-
able and the convenience of handling.
Ten Inches Is a good average. A
three-foot currant cutting Is too long.
The roots that It will form will not
be able to keep such a large top sup-
plied with food materials and mois-
ture. It will be Just as well to defer
cutting hack until spring, on account
of possible killing hack, but one or
two buds above ground are sufficient.
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Horticulture Hints
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCHX
Apple, king of fruits, nature's rich-
est gift, better than medicine.
• • •
Apple scab pusses the winter on
old leaves and If they can be disposed
of It will aid materially In producing
fruit.
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Warren, C. J. The Mountain Eagle (Sierra Blanca, Tex.), Vol. 7, No. 32, Ed. 1 Friday, March 12, 1926, newspaper, March 12, 1926; Sierra Blanca, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth292730/m1/4/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History.