Temple Daily Telegram (Temple, Tex.), Vol. 11, No. 259, Ed. 1 Monday, August 5, 1918 Page: 5 of 8
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HERMAN BERNSTEIN PAINTS GRAPHIC PEN PICTURE
BOLSHEVIK REIGN OE TERROR AND TYRANNY
10LSHEVIKI PLOT TO KILL TSAR
TO RETAIN POWER REVEALED
^able Despatches Baring Intent to Murder the
Ruler Held Up by Trotzky's Men—Trial
of the Emperor Was Set Last April.
(Sixth Instalment)
DEPOSED TSAR, HIS UNCLE AND HIS SON
By HERMAN BERNSTEIN.
|[Copyri<7k{, 191$, by the Yrtc York Herald
Company—All lligktt llenrrtti 1
On April 13 1 to the United
[States from I'etrograd that the Russian
(newspapers that day published the news
[that the oue-time Tsar Nicholas would
I soon be put on trial by the Bolshcviki. anil
that the Rolsheviki commander in chit f,
Kusign Krylenko. who demobilised the
amy. would I* the prosecutor. It was
reported that Lettish soldiers were on the
way to Tobolsk io bring Nicholas Ro-
manoff to Moscow, where he wonld be
tried for offences coir mil ted by him since
the granting of the constitution in 1905,
and charged with violation of the eiec
tion laws in connection with the Duma,
wit misusing public funds and other of-
fences
That cabl did not reach its destination.
On the fol'iwing day 1 cabled that the
news concerning the plan of the Rol-
sheviki to try Nicholas was attracting
much attention in I'etrograd and in Mos-
cow, thai amazement was expressed
everywhere why the Rolsheviki suddenly
undertook tint measure against the
former emperor 1 quoted an editorial
from Maiitn Gorky's newspaper, the
Novaya Zliizn, Russia's most courageous
journal just now, saying that simple poli-
tical "ommon sense would dictate against
this unnecessary enterprise. Either the
Rolsheviki, unable to give bread to the
people, wanted to present a spectacle to
the masses or they desired to imitate the
French revolution, but that which was a
tragedy in France would now lie a tragic
farce.
Second Onhle Also I'nlls.
This cable also failed to reach America.
In the meantime I learned that the
question of the Tsar's trial was raised at
Brest-Litovxk and the representatives of
the Kaiser insisted that the Rolsheviki
must not try the Tsar. I Cabled at th
time and this message was passed by
the Bolshevist censor. The cable was
published in the New York Herald on
April 22.
All Tliissia was amazed when it became
known that the Rolsheviki intended to try
Nicholas, because the charges of despotism
nnd the violation of the people's rii'hts
would appear ridiculous if brought aiainst
him by the Rolsheviki, whose despotism
surpassed his and whose violation of the
people's rights was more flagrant than
his. Everybody in Russia felt that if the
Rolsheviki really decided to bring Nicho-
las Romanoff to Moscow he would either
be murdered on the way by the soldiers
or he might be received by the people with
a surprising ovation
Names of Murderer* Knonn to Mmif.
Everybody In Russia' remembered how
brutally two of the noblest champions of
Russian liberty, Shingaryev and Kokosh-
kin, were murdered during their sleep at
a hospital end that the Rolshevist sailors
who murdered them refit' ,'d to this day
to appear before the revolutionary tri-
bunal even though their names are known
to many people. Everybody knew how
hundreds of people were shot by soldiers
either on the way to prison, were thrown
Into the Neva or were murdered in prison
»t night by the guards.
The former Tsar w-ns so complete!}
discredited in Russia that nobody feared
his return to the throne. Rut it was
feared that if the Rolsheviki remained
much longer in power the Russian people
might welcome any authority that would
replace the Bolshevist reign of terror, and
might welcome even the restoration of
the Romanoff dynasty.
The Rolsheviki then issued a state-
nent that the Tsur would not be tried.
Several days afterward it was learned
that Nicholas Romanoff was removed
from Tobolsk to Ekaterinburg. On May
it. at a meeting of the Central Executiv
Committee of the Rolsheviki, Chairman
Sverdlov made the following official
statement concerning the fate of the
former Tsar:—
"Some time ago there appeared before
the Central Kiecntive Committee a mem-
ber of the guards of the former Tsar and
declared that unknown people wore
spending large sums of money bribing
the people near Tobolsk in order to aid
his flight. Resides, we had other infor-
mation which made it advisable to trans-
fer the one-time Tsar as soon as possible.
We selected the Ural, Ekaterinburg, as
the new place.
"We appointed a special commissary
to carry out this arrangement. This com-
missary has already done his work. To-
gether with the former Tsar he trans
ferred to Ekaterinburg one of the Tsar's
daughters, the Bishop Heruiogcn and, I
believe. Prince Dolgornkov. The former
Tsar was placed in Ekaterinburg not in
a palace, but in a villa, and no strangers
are permitted to enter this villa under
any circumstances. The son of the for
nier Tsar is at the present moment it
Tobolsk. He could not accompany bis
father on account of illness. Rut as soon
as (unuuer sets ill the son also will be
transferred to Ekaterinburg.
>40,000 lliihlr* i'onud with Taar.
"Rcfore Nicholas Romanoff was re-
moved to Ekterinburg bis house was
searched and NO,<JOO rubles were found.
Bishop Hermagen also was searched. A
mass of documents were found in his pos-
session. showing that the flight of Nicho-
las Komauoff was being organised. Dur-
ing the search Nicholas complained of the
change in the treatment accorded him
during the last six months. Until that
time, lie said, he had been treated de-
cently. Now the people who came to
him were coarse and their attitude toward
him w as harsh.
"Nicholas Romanoff is the prisoner of
the Soviets. Until now we had no op
portnnity to take up the question of the
former Tsar's fate, but it will soon he
taken up and settled."
It is possible that the Rolsheviki, ap-
proaching the end of their reign of terror,
imitating the French Revolution, resolved
to offer the starving, exhausted Russian
n asses the spectacle of the trial and exe-
cution of the Tsar. It is also possible
that the Tsar was murdered on the way
by the Red Guards, the simple Russian
soldiers or sailors, demoralized and crazed
by the strange doctrines of the char-
latans and demagogues who have ruined
and betrayed Russia.
Lenine, Trotzky and other Rolshevist
leaders have nnchained the passions of
the mob, and they themselves cou d not
longer control the mob even if they
wanted to. Their doctrines made crim-
inals immune and murderers regarded
themselves as heroes. Every Red Guard.
very Bolshevist soldier or sailor, looked
upon himself as the representative of the
people, as the enemy of the intellectuals
and the bourgeoisie, even though they did
not know the meaning of the words. Each
one of them considered himself judge and
executioner. So they looted and mur
dered undisturbed.
I was in Russia last August when Alex-
ander Kerensky transferred the former
Tsar Nicholas from Tsarskoye-Selo in the
ray mist of the morning, when the popu-
lation was fast asleep. Premier Kerensky
gave all instructions, entering into every
detail of the trip. It was believed at that
time that the disturbances of the Rolshe-
viki and the revolt engineered by German
agents led the provisional government to
decide to remove the Romanoff family
from Tsarskoye-Selo and prevent the pos-
sibility of counter revolutionists taking
advantage of its proximity to I'etrograd.
Kerensky saved the life of the Tsar by
Nt
NICHOLAS
ROMANOFF
>1.
KHOtO
n"1hwvo>
' M % :l
ALEXIS
.. ,'n-ky
■p
. 1 - j
11 Street. They looked out of the wuido*
I ind saw an armored motor truck in front
] >f the house and from thirty to forty Red
Guards near the doorway. They waited
a while to see what happened, but tkej
soon returned to the table ami resumed
their supper. Raids nnd searches wen
common occurrences in l'otroerad then
The people had grown accustomed to them
Soon afterward they heard a loud noise
of footsteps on the stairway The door
swung open ami Commissary Ponyuahkin,
followed by a large number of Red Guards,
came in.
Mother t'roteita In Vata.
Mine. Kiryanova, the mother of the girl
who entertained th" students, was super
iutendent of the Bureau for the Relief of
Prisoner* of War. She demanded an ex
planation as to the unexpected visit of
the Commissary and tht Red Guards.
Commissary IV nyusbklu snid his ofice had
been notified that anarchists had raided
this house and had stolen n number of
valuable things, lie therefore came to
make a thorough search iu ev< ry room it.
the house.
Mine, Riryannva replied that there
had been no anarchists in her house.
One of the sailors meanwhile opened the
dining room and «aw the youug people
around the table, lie immediately closed
the door, apologising for disturbing them.
But a little later he returned to the din-
ing room, accompanied by several other
Red Guards.
He turned to one of the students in
uniform and said: -
•I think I saw you bad shoulder straps
before."
The student turned pale and an
swercd
"No; you are mistaken."
"You ought to be shot fjr your cow-
ardice," said the sailor.
The Red Guards pointed their guns
several times at the students and threat
eticd to shoot them. 'Hie young women
present implored the sailors not to fire
Just then the commissary entered,
glanced lit the students and said.-
"No, you mustn't shoot tliem here."
The young women pleaded w ith the
commissary hysterically.
They were warned not to say a word to
any one about the arrest or the circum-
stances under which it was made. They
especially warned them not to say any-
thing to the relatives of the students.
On the following day at noon the com-
mander of one of the Red Guard com-
panies, Suvorov, told his men that six
students would be shot that night. At
about five o'clock in the afternoon the
sailor. Cherkashin, came to the com-
mandant of the Stuolny Institute with a
written request, signed by Commissary
Pouyushkin and commander "f the Red
Guard company, Aririr, to let him have
the six students arrested the night before.
Before that Cherkashin hail called for
volunteers to J. the shooting. Nine men
responded. They accompanied Cherka-
shin to Sniolny. The names of s< -ne of
tiles*1 men are Yukovtcv, l'cdyuniu two
brothers, Cbernysvsky, Scmeuov, Skirov
and Uolovkiu.
The commandant of Smolny Institute
ordi red Sailor Malkov to transfer the
prisoners to these men and entered in
the records the laionic note, "Sent off,'
without stating why they were kept in
Smolny, where tin y were sent off and
for what purpose.
The students were taken away in a
motor truck. They felt happy that they
v ere removed from Smolny so soon.
They thought they were on the way to
the commissary's office, where they
would receive a hearing. But when they
noticed the motor truck going towards
the outskirts of the city they realized
that their lives were in danger. They
grew alarmed. Soon the truck stopped
ami the sailor, Cherkashin, shouted:—
"Get out!"
"Is it possible that you are going to
«hov us';" asked one of the students,
es," replit d the sailor.
Ktit lllt'n Permitted lo Write.
Then I lie Students begged Cherkashin to
permit them at least to write a few words
to their relatives. The sailor refused. 11#
ordered thein to stand up against the wall.
Cherkashin commanded and his volun-
teers fired several times. First two of the
students fell to the ground, then three
more, then the last one. Cherkashin him-
Some of them s,.|f walked over to the students, examined
lie
removing Turn to lobolsk. If Nicholas
had remained at Tsarskoye-Selo st the
time of the Bolshevist uprising in Novem-
ber there is no doubt that he would have
been murdered, together with the former
Empress.
The former Tsar and Tsaritsa were per-
mitted to take with them a number of
servants nnd carloads of clothes aud pr •
visions. During my recent visit to Russia
I learned from Red Cross representatives
who looked after t'. needs of the prison-
ers at the Fortress of Peter and Paul
that the clothes anl provisions th
Romanoffs bad taken with them to To-
bolsk had been stolen by soldiers and
that they lacked some of the most neees
sary things.
The one-time Tsar and his family could
not get enough food and their clothes were
ragged and torn. They appealed to
friends, who sought the aid of the Rel
Cross, hut no one dared ask the Bolshevik!
for permission to obtain more lood and
clothes for the Romanoffs.
Nicholas Romanoff was guilty of many
crimes during his regime. He kept Rus-
sia in a state of darkness and permitted
the scaffold to rule his country, lie en
eouraged violence against various nation
alities. He permitted Rasputinisin to
Youths Dragged Before Firing Squad
to Sate Bolshevist Thirst for Blood
PATRIOT WHO UNMASKED LENINE.
&OURT5EFF *+
VLADIMIR
enter his palace and spread demoralize*
tion throughout Russia, which finally led
to the overthrow of the Romanoff dy-
nasty.
Three months before the revolution an
exhaustive report was submitted to
Nicholas reviewing the unrest in the army
I have seen this report, which is a re
markably frank account of what ihe ofti
eers and soldiers thought of various m m
Iters of Ihe Cabinet and the Duma, of
Rasputin and the Empress. To any one
with open eyes that report was a eleir
forecast of the revolution. Rut Nicholas
diil not see what was happening about
him. The former Empress Alexandra, nl
ways tenderly called Alice by the Kaiser,
persuaded him that the Russian people
loved them deeply nnd would never ris<
against their Emperor. Nicholas there-
fore turned a deaf ear to all who warned
him i.nd who urged reforms.
The assassination of Rasputin was or
gnnlzed as a court revolt against the in
t'lnenee of the Siberian peasant, who
often determined the policy of Russia
both at home and abroad.
After the death of Rasputin n number
of prominent aristocrats, men and
women, organized a plot against the
Empress Alexandra, who conceived the
id> a that since Nicholas was too weak I
rule Russia she could piny the rflle "I
a new Catherine and, with the aid of tin
Knis;*., rule Russia with an iron hand
One of the most prominent women it
Russia, re.atii.g to me the details of this
plot, in whick she participated, said tha
the Empress was drugging Nichola-
grndually m order to dim his mind com
pletely and make him sign every doe
ninent she wanted him to sign.
The great March rev lotion niadi
Nicholas and Alexandra harmless. Tliej
were discredited throughout the land,
arid no monarch# ever lost their thrones
with so few devoted Irienos/or servants
But the Rolshevist revolution which
overthrew the government of the people
practically on the eve of the Constitu
tional Assembly outstripped in violence,
cruelty and corruption even the reign
of Nicholas, and thus mr.de him a i.i.iriyr
in the eyes of the people.
If it is true that Nichola Romni:off
was murdered by the Rolsheviki hi*
assassins will be remembered in bis
tory for crimes perhaps even more t:*!
rihle than those of the Romanoffs; for
(rimes identified with Russia's betruja>
shortly after she had gained her free
doni.
fainted. Others fell on their knees aud
begged him to spare the lives of their
friends.
Then tie commissary replied simply:—
"We w'.ll shoot them tomorrow,
nicy'11 not escape from our hands."
During the search in the house one of
the Red Guards found a printed resolution
protesting against the Bolshevist govern-
ment, adopted by some of the employes of
the Bureau for the Relief of Prisoners of
War, and several proclamations issued by
he national socialists. The Gengre*
brothers were searched nnd their passports
with visf'ft to leave for France Here taken
from them.
litt.-iriN rncrr lo shoot Students.
When the Red Guards heard of the reso-
lution found there they wanted to shoot
he students on the spot. The young
vomeu again implored them not to do it.
Finally the sailors placed the students
under arrest and took them to Smolny
Institute. Three of the young ». men
begged permission to accompany their
friends. The commissary granted them
permission to go along. They were nil
taken to the Bolshevist hendquarters in
a motor ear. At Smolny they were re
calved by the commandant of the Institute
and placed in cell No. 1 in the cellar.
their bodies and looked into each face to
see that they were all dead. One of tha
students still showed signs of life.
Cherkashin shot him in the beud. Then
Cherkashin returned to the headquarters
of the Red Guards on Shpalernaya and
reported to the commissary saying:—
"The operation was made properly."
When the press of Russia that was not
entirely .nuzzled by the Rolshevist censor-
ship demanded uu Investigation of thin
case a commission was appointed to in-
vestigate and report its findings. The
commission went to Moscow to examine
l.eulne and Itoncli Bruyevleh. They
stated categoric,illy that they knew noth-
ing about the shooting, that they learned
of it only from the newspapers. Com-
missary Ponyuahkin declared that while
he did not give the direct order to shoot
them, he told the Red Guards that they
should shoot them if they mude the slight-
est effort to escape.
Cherkashin testified that Commissary
I'onyushkin gave him definite instructions
to shoot the students, and when Cherku-
sbin asked if it was necessnry to have ail
official order, Pouyushkin replied:—
"1 was at Smolny. Everything is don?.
Yon must have them shot."
Commissary I'onyushkin wns soon sent
on n special mission with a company of
Commissary I'onyushkin kept the piss- Red Guards to Southern Russia, and then
ports of the Gengre* brothers, as well nsjthe whole affair wns hushed up by the
the resolution and proclamations he hart Bolshevist government
Thi commission appointed to Investi-
gate ihe murder of the six students re-
ported that it was convinced the vic-
tims hail bad no connection Whatever with
the resolution and proclamations found
■it. the home where the farewell supper
was given.
found. While the students were on their
way to the cell the sailor Cherk ishin
snouted to them in the presence of the
commandant
"I'll kill you anyway."
The young women who accompanied
their friends to Smolny were sent away.
Herman Bernstein interviewed Sukhomlinoff and two other Ministers of the
late Tsar's Cabinet in prison. The Minister of War discussed with remarkable
frankness Russia's reverses and the part played in them by the (iiand Duke
Nicholas. This interview will he printed in the next instalment
RUSSIA FROM THE OUTSIDE.
When Sliingareff, Minister of Finance
after tbe revolution, wag murdered in
bed at the hospital to which he was re-
moved from tbe Fortress of I'eter and
Paul all Russia was shocked, plunged
into grief. Several Bolshevist sailors had
entered the hospital at midnight, walked
into his ward and looked at him for a
while with the aid of an oil lamp. The
nurses were ordered away from that
floor by the armed sailors.
Within a few minutes several shots
resounded. Shingareff, the man who
devoted all his life to ameliorating tbe
condition of the peasants, who was one
of the most courageous defenders of the
people's rights in the Duma, was mur-
dered in his sleep. The sailor who held |
the lamp while the dastardly crime wns
committed by the Rolsheviki examined
Shingareff's leather coat, which lay on
a chair near his bed, took it with him
then frequently published tbe names of
the Bolshevist sailors who committed the
murder. Bot the Bolshevist "govern-
ment" never brought the sailors before
the revolutionary tribunal, btc-iise their
comrados declared th.-.' had <>nly obeyed
orders and refuscu to allow them to be
tried. They maintained that the murder
of Sbiugareff and Kokoshkiu was a good
thing for Russia, since two "enemies of
the people" had been removed.
Another crime that stirrei toe Russian
people was the execution o* six young
students without trial, without a hearing
of any kind.
About eight years ago Leonid Andreyev,
the famous Russian writer, produce.] r.
masterpiece entitled "The Seven Whc
Were Hanged," in which he tela Low five
men and two women were put to death
under the Tsar's ri'gime. Five of the
seven were revolutionists and two were
criminals. Andreyev depicted the trial,
I which, farcical and tragic though it was,
and next morning brought it to a tailor!bai.the Wy sn« ,
to repair it so that it wonld fit him. I 1 16 0U'''U',On "f. ,he
n„ fiwif v i ki • e students is ihnrartoristic of the type of
Oil that same night Kokoshkin, one of . . ,
. mcti.-n #nof tii« "iiknovilii ♦lm cnrntnl'
the leaders of the constitutional demo-
cratic party, who had prepared the con-
stitution for the Republic of Russia, was
murdered by the same sailors In the
ward adjoining that of S'.ihgareff.
This cri\-« si iivel Russia ev«-n during
the days .f tevr>.,- a », wholesale crimes.
To save hlk.self from bitter criticism
Lenine ordered an immediate investiga-
tion and asked that reports be submit-
ted to him every hour.
Tht Russian newspapers have since
justice that the Rolsheviki, the "commi:
nists," have introduced in the State which
Is intended to serve as a model for the
proletariat of the whole world
Proletariat Justice.
On the day after the six students had
been shot Nash Vek, the journal edite-
by Milukov and Gessen, published a heart
rending letter from ProfessoT Gengrez.
the father of three murdered students, in
which he described thi banquet and the
arrest of his sons and their friends. He
■oneluded with the following lines:—
"Wliy were these young men
who did not participate in poli-
tics—why were my sons. French-
men, put to deathP I am a
Frenchman. I have devoted
thirty-six years of my life in
Russia to pedagogical, social and
charitable work. I have given
Russia all my powers and my
sons. Why were they put to
deathP"
Such questions are asked in
thousands of homes in Russia
now.
This is the justice that prevails
under the dictatorship of the pro-
letariat headed by Lenine and
Trotzky.
Three brothers, Paul, Andrew and
Nicholas Gcntrez, sons of a French pro
fessor in I'etrograd, French citizens, were
to leave Russia for France to join the
French army. Their passports were nl
ready vised and their friends arranged a
farewell supjier in the home of the stu
dent girl Kiryauova. Among the invited
guests were three friends of the Gengre?
brothers, Konstantin llyiu,. Nicholas
lllagovescheiisky and Alexander Stro-i
binder, also young students. The young!
people bad made elaborate preparations
for the supper. They ate and drank and
offered toasts to tbe health of the three
youths, who were to start on the follow
ing day to fight for Franee and thus also
for Russia.
Suddenly they heard a noise in the
i
m
ss
L
w A. not.
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Williams, E. K. Temple Daily Telegram (Temple, Tex.), Vol. 11, No. 259, Ed. 1 Monday, August 5, 1918, newspaper, August 5, 1918; Temple, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth470429/m1/5/: accessed July 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Abilene Library Consortium.