The Temple Daily Telegram (Temple, Tex.), Vol. 1, No. 120, Ed. 1 Sunday, April 5, 1908 Page: 3 of 12
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The Black Belt of Texas ^
(Written etnecialfr for The Dtilv Teleeram. bv J. Morri«on. M. D. Ph. D.
ONE IS JUST UKE THIS
, The accompanying engrtrag pic-
tures one of the two beautiful Schil-
ltr pianos to be given by The Daily
Telegram to the two young lftdiM
I securing the greatest number of Totei
in our Great Popularity Voting Con-
test
WE ARE NOT IN THE PIAHO
BUSINESS WE DO NOT PROPOSE
10 SELL these instrument!. The
awarding of the pianos is not contin-
gent upon the young ladies collecting
and turning over to us illy specified
amount of money to pay for the in-
itruments. These two pianos have
been bought and paid for by The
Daily Telegram, and THEY A&E
NOT FOR SALE. It Is a Popular
Voting Contest, pure and simple, and
the pianos will be awarded to the
young ladies securing the lugttt
number of vote'- ABSOLUTELY RE-
GARDLESS OF ANY SPECIFIED
MONEY CONSIDERATION.
Of course, the contest has for its
sole purpose the securing of addi-
tional subscribers for The Daily Tele-
gram, and the young ladies can great-
ly increase their votes by soliciting
their friends to subscribe for the
paper, and giving them the votes
which are allowed for each subscrib-
er, and many of them are doing this.
But remember, the PIANOS ARE GO-
ING TO BE AWARDED. THEY ARE
HOT PLACED OUT OF REACH. They
will be given to two young ladies hav
ing the largest number of votes at
the cloee of our contest REGARD-
LESS OF HOW GREAT OR HOW
SMALL THE RESULTS OF THEIR
EFFORTS KAY BE.
Am will be noted from the above
engraving, the instruments are beau-
ties. They are strictly high-gnule in
every respect, and sell the world over
at $400 each.
The moct striking feature which
attracts the attention of a stranger
traveling through Texas, is the black
waxy belt of clay which traverses the
State from the Oulf of Mexico to the
northern boundary and on through
Oklahoma into Kansas. It is peculiar
to this region and so far as the writer
knows, is found no where else on this
continent, except on a small scale on
the island of Martinique, West In-
dies. On either side of this belt the
soil is sandy or loamy with more or
less gravel and clay.
Whence came this black waxy
clay?
What is its origin or source and
what is its composition?
To give an intelligent answer to
these questions, it will be necessary
to go back a long way in tfce geolog-
ical history of our planet and briefly
review some'of the mighty convul-
sions which the earth experienced
during the Immensely long period in
which It was being prepared for the
reception of man. Many ages—to
be counted only by millions of years
—after the submergence of the coal
measures and the deposition of the
lower red sandstone and the, mag-
neslan limestone such as exists In
Kentucky, and probably during the
Cretaceous era of the Mesozoic per-
iod of Gealoglc history, the ocean ex-
tended from the Gulf of Mexico to
the Arctic Sea. The entire valley be-
tween the Appalachian and Lauren-
tlan mountains on the East and the
Rocky mountains on the West, was
submerged beneath the briny waves
of the ocean.
This imemnse area included the
valley of the Mississippi and its trib-
utaries, the greater part of Texas and
a large portion of northwestern Can-
ada. Commencing at the Gulf of Mex
ico anl going northward this exten-
sive arm of the ocean had three out-
lets; one flowing In a northeast
through what Is now the valley of
the great lakes and the St. Lawrence;
on through the valley of Lake Winni-
peg and the Nelson river into Hud-
son Bay and thence through Hudson
and Baffin straits into the north At-
lantic, but the greatest portion ex-
tended In a northwestern direction
through the valley of Lakes Ath-
abaska, Great Bear, Great
Lakes and Maelwnrle river
slssippl of the north—Into the Arctic
Sea. The upheaval of the Rocky and
Appalachian Mountains must neces-
sarily have produced very extensive
cracks of "faults" as they are tech-
nically called, In the earth's crust and
through these cracks sea water per-
colated down to the heated Interior
where it was converted into super-
heated steam which would eventually
either elevate the superincumbent
crust or find an outlet at the points
of least resistance. At all events,
there is abundant evidence to show
that the entire valley from the Gulf
Mexico to the Arctic ocean was grad-
ually raised to its present position
and concurrent with this movement,
the entire Rocky mountain range was
probably alive with volcanic activity.
The now extinct volcanoes In Oregon,
Washington and British Columbia
were then doubtless very active and
poured forth the enormous amount of
lava which now surrounds them to
the extent of hundreds of square
miles. A deep trough or narrow val-
ley extending through the centre of
Texas was probably the last portion
of this extensive valley to be elevated.
A similar condition of things has oc-
cured quite' recently and in fact is
slowly going on now. During the
first three weeks of September,1899,
more than 1000 miles of the coast of
Alaska in the neighborhood of Yak-
utat Bay, was elevated 47 feet, and
elevations of from 7 to 20 feet are of
frequent occurrence in the same re-
gion in Its adjacent islands. A large
tract of the Chilean coast was elevat-
ed 10 feet during the earthquake of
August 16, 1906. The eastern shore
of the Hudson Bay is slowly rising;
the ancient beaches are now more
than 70 feet above their former level,
and similar changes are taking place
In other localities, notably in Japan
and other Islands on the east coast
of Asia. In Kendall, Keer and other
counties In southwestern Texas the
terraces and beaches of the ancient
ocean which once covered the greater
j>art of the State, can be clearly and
distinctly traced.
During these seismic changes on
the surface of our continent, which
Slave j occurred In the remote past, a vol-
the Mis- cano existed somewhere in Oklahoma
or Southern Kansas, which not only
gave vent to the superheated steam
but also vomited a prodigious quan-
tity of Intensely hot black mud which
flowed like a mighty river, through
the trough or narrow channel which
traversed Texas from the Red river
to the Gulf. Subsequent eruptions of
mud probably took place at long in-
tervals, but the streams may have
cooled and become too viscid to reach
the Gulf and this produced these un-
dulations of the surface which are to
be seen In the neighborhood of Tem-
ple and especially In the northern
part of the belt and which constitute
the only physical feature that diver-
sifies our landscape. The volcano
which emitted this great volume of
black mud disappeared from view
ages ago. The enormous cavity which
must have been formed beneath it,
swallowed it up and a subsequent
eruption may have completely ob-
literated its site. The sinking of vol-
canic cones, is a common occurence in
volcanic regions, especially in Mex-
ico. A chemical examination of this
black clay, confirms what I have just
said regarding its origin .
It contains no fossils, that is to say,
no organic remains of animal or vege-
table life—a fact which proves that
it was not deposited at the bottom of
a sea. It consists of ordinary blue
clay colored black by the sulphides
of sodium, iron and potassium with
some phosphates—the last two sub-
stances being in very varible por
tlons. The sea water which perco-
lated down through the faults or
cracks, furnished the sodium and po-
tassium In the form of chlorides
which were, ncr doubt, decomposed by
the Intense heat to which they were
subjected, and subsequently coming
in contact with sulphur always pres-
ent In volcanic districts, the sul-
phides of these metals were formed
which with the sulphide of iron col-
ored the vomited matter jet black.
Again, this belt of black clay lies
on a bed of limestone which is found
to be about half burned or decom-
posed for depths varying from a foot
to three or four feet. The upper por-
tion it always completely burned or
the
at the depth of three
feet, are unchanged and are of the
normal blue color. Limestone is car-
hid deep in the
The
of the I
bed on which
paratively thin, for at the depth
two or three thousand feet we find
hot water as at Marlin, Waco and
other places. We appear to be living
on a very thin and therefore weak
portion of the earth's crust which
may be still further elevated or de-
pressed to such an extent, that the
briny waves of the Gulf of Mexico
may again roll in triumph over this
portion of the land of freedom, over
this garden of the South.
Wall Paper
Season Open
We have on display the
new styles and designs for the
season of 1908.
A cordial invitation is ex-
tended to all.
Home Dressmaking.
Hints for the Housekeeper.
* What's What in Gowns and Neckwear.
THE
HOME
CIRCLE.
bonate of lime and consists of one black belt rests appears to be
atom of the metal calcium, one of
carbon and three of oscygen, and on
heating this to a certain temperature,
the atom of carbon and two of osygen,
constituting carbon dioxide gas. are
Mrven off and there remains oscide of
Calcium (common unslacked lime) a
white substance having the composi-
tion of one atom of Calcium and one
of oscygen. Samples of this partially
burned limestone can be see in the
streets of Temple and especially at
the "Katy" depot where several loads
of it have been dumped Into a mud
hole there.
This black mud then must have
been heaved up at a high tempera-
ture—no doubt far above that of
boiling water; It was not, however,
the intensity but the quantity of heat
it contained which partially decom-
posed the blue limestone beneath it.
The carbon dioxide disengaged from
the lime stome escaped Into the air
through the boiling hot mud. There
are two recent examples of the erup-
tion of volcanic mud, viz. Mount Eg-
mont In New Zealand and Mount Pe-
lee in Martinique, West Indies. The
former a few years ago ejected an
enormous amount of balck mud which
filled up a large lake and river bed
and completely changed the aspect
of the surrounding landscape. Nearly
six years ago the latter erupted,
throwing out at first a prodigious
quantity of superheated steam and
other gases which not only wiped out
in the twinkling of an eye, the city
of St. Pierre with twenty five or
thirty thousand inhabitants, but also
set fire to the ships in the harbor
some miles away, and afterward
ejected a great quantity of black mud
which filled up the ravines and val-
leys on the land side of the moun-
tain for a considerable distance. Mud
volcanoes are found In the Crimea In
Southern Rusla and'near the south
end of the Caspian Sea. In Iceland
and Yellowstone Park are low vol-
canoes which eject only boiling hot
water. These, however, are insigni-
ficant In magnitude and are usually
called geysers or hot springs.
This black clay on which we tread
every day has a unigue history—a
history which reaches back to remote
geologic ages—but Its formation was
only one of the numerous changes
which the Almighty Architect intend-
ed the earth to undergo in the pre-
Varnishes, Stains,
Paints, Enamels.
Oils. Glass.
Geo. Houghton
On the Square
All Our
Bread is
Stamped
CITY BAKERY
A GUARANTEE OF
QUALITY
Our Bread is Fresh and the
Best Watch for the Stamp,
Toilet Notes for Men.
Economical Homes - Their Building.
Little Things In Business and Social Life.
Modes and Materials for Spring and Summer.'
The shops ar* foil of Imly fabrics and
I*"" materials for spring aid tanner
*e»r, and the wlss shopper selects h*r
materials (or th* coming aeaaoo now.
eii-erienc* has shown that the moat ds-
UrsMe [utierns art general!/ to bo bad
At these earlr exhibits.
The aprlng modes arc now quit* dearly
defined, and although later on aamo nov-
elties will probably bo Introduced, the
«t;ie« Of making are prottjr definitely
settled, mid one may go ahead with the
making of one'a summer outfit wttb
Mfetj Many women are ponied aa ta
the lengths and style* of the new skirts,
and find it difficult to decide la
■T DOROTHY DAUB.
aktrt io fahlonabte heretofore, hot platt-
ed skirts will alto be In favor for the
skirts In short walking leagth. Theao
new plaited aktrta bare the platts very
cloee together, preeatd la very tightly
snd fitted very snugly (boot the hlpa
is to material*, pongees, cepeelally of
the bordered aort, will be especially pop-
ular for aprlng and early aummer, aid the
new silk and wool batlatea, atrtped crepe,
rhtffoas. ToT.ee, aheer wool barege* and
allk materia la are aleo very emart and
make practical and serviceable gowns.
Black and white effect* are mnch la
vogoe and 1 bare aeon several very smart
street (owes of Mack satin finish neaaa-
wu.O ANU SKIRT COMTUUK OK RLL'IHU OttKV PUMiHK.
' whether to bare a gown nade la
» short Ooe night Imagine
,iof the fsahloa Illustrations
almost all aklrts wees to be nude
si,',,?, ;?.!"•• ba» ss a matter of fart the
",1,1 nn wl" ««> be mnch la evidence.
' ^ »»« morning dreeaee will
\rt.h. "**• t0 sscape the ground,
r^ ,0*m for " hom* w nw
«»4 "* 10 ®md* U,n«'
and siTT t' »•«"** wb*.
111 erenlug eoatsnea and dress?
"I *bow a graceful sweep sll
fowu* «iii
"found. The
hailr
U*
line made with a deep pointed yoke, back
snd front of laca, tucked washable tulle
or sheer batiste embroidery. The** black
silk frocks are generally mad* with, fine
ly plaited sbtrts Is abort walking length,
and have very little trimming, buttons
and tailored effect• being generally uaed
hy way of decoration.
Amotig tbs silk ata tells Is rtxingeahlc
chiffon tsffetaa are shewn, and one ef-
fective street gown whs |a dark change-
"
and skirt costume, and for simple gowns.
Some of the most %ttractlvs of the
striped gown* aeen are trimmed with
bands of the material oa the bias, and
In many cases th* front gore 1* seamed
down the middle, the strlpce meeting to
form s point *
The gowns pictured are good eiampls*
of sprtng mode*. Th* coat and eklrt toe
tume wa* of bluish gray pongee, with Mas
trimming* of black aad whit* atrlped
(Ilk, and buttona of black taffeta, with
geld cord loops on th* coat The skirt
In the model was mads with a train, but
a abort plaited or gored skirt could lie
substituted if desired.
Th* other plat* *bows a gown of soft
allk and wool matsrlal. In a lovely abad*
of blulah green. The bodice closed In a
rounded surplice, and was braided In
soutache to match. The girdle aad aaah
end*. knottM at the left of th* front, w**
of darker green liberty satin, and the
scsrfS that latticed through the aleevea
and yoke were of th* earn* satin. Th*
underaleevea and yoke were of whits re-
pousse lac* and *heer tucked batiste The
sash with narrow fringed ends falling at
the aide la a feature of several of th*
neweat and moat dealrable models, and
the high-boned collar with polota up un-
der the ear* I* another detail In evi-
dence. DOROTHY DA I.B.
Delicious Strawberry Dishes
Strawberry Tarta.—.Out out rounds
of paff paste, and when set In the bak-
lug pan pipe a round of ebon paate
around the edge*. Prick the paste with
a fork lu severnl places; then bake In
the uaual way. When baked fill th* cen-
ters with fresh sugared strawberries
that have been Just taken from the re-
frlgerator. Oaralah with whipped cream.
Itrawkerrr J*osir—Sonk one quar-
ter of a packag* of gelatin In one
quarter capful of cold water aud dis-
solve In th* aame amount of hot water,
add oa* capful of sugar, stir, until tils
solved, thsa strain luto a dish standing
In lc* water. When cool add a cupful
of atrawberry Juice and pulp and lieat
till light; then best la gradually th*
white* of three eggs, beaten light, aad
coutlsoe beating antil the miliar* will
bold It* shapa. Have ready a chilled
eartheu or agateware bowl, llntd with
strawberries; rat the berries in halve*
and dip theni Into th* melted gelatin
so they will adhere to the bowl, and turn
th* sponge Into the bowl. Serv*. turned
from th* bowl and garnlah with
whipped cream aad whole atrawberrlca
How to Furnish Chil-
dren's Rooms.
Tbs children of today sre, as a matter
of course, provided with a few room* that
ata **p*clally their own, and equipped
with tboa* thing* that not only pleaa*
them, appeal to their understandings sod
supply their needs, bat are helpful In de-
veloplag their growing natures. Every
hoasa or home In which there Is a child
should hare a nursery or a playroom. Th*
playroom may be so small that It I* not
much bigger than a cloeet, still If It la
Ingeniously fitted up. It will suply a great
need la a child's Ufa Even a very young
child can be mad* to foal th* privilege of
having a place of his own where all hla
belongings can be found sod where his
personality can be exerciatd and hla In-
dividuality developed. To glr* a child a
room for which be la in a way rmponslbl*
I* to create early a self-reliant disposition
that Is valuable later.
In regard to the furnishings to go Into
th* nursery, of course th* araliabTe door
space Is the first thing to be considered.
Secondly, whether It la a nursery, pur*
and simple, or u Ned room or Icboolroom
la addition. If It Is to do for two pur
poees, there should be some sort of divi-
sion made In order to prevent the chil-
dren from feeling any monotony of sur-
roundlugs, as would be th* rase If they
were kept too closely with tbe same
things around then, The worth of screens
Is Inestimable for this purpose The on*
side, cretonne covered, cou'd be arranged
about the l>eds In a one-room nursery to
wall them off from th* rest of the room.
Bedroom pictures can be hung ou tbe ooe
side, while on the other side plctnre* of
play-time Interest .'ire shown, animal ple-
turas, birds, figures, foreign scene*. etc.
New thlugs for wall decoratlone In chil-
dren's rooms are cvustsutly being brought
out by th* dealers Cretonnes aud papers
both are used for three, the latter being
the most popular A scheme of decoration
much In favor has a plain paper reaching
to all feet, with a wide band of acenery
or a (lower design paper above that Is
sepsrated by s plate tall, on which orna-
meuts or playthings are set. snd then
near the baseliosrd are pasted or fasteued
figures cut out and applied to form groups.
Hardwood floors and rugs are not sati-
able for a nursery, a* children are rather
apt to have tumble* snd the little feet ere
easily tripped by the thick rugs. Green
aad white Japanese matting or Brussels
carpet sra the most suitable floor cover-
ings. As to the furniture, brass beds are
the daintiest looking as well a* tbe most
comfortable aud unitary; mission chlf
foolers with a low cushioned divan make
for comfort. Screens will be found asefal
to rover up the uimlrttlj litter of toys,
though If the child has b**a taught t*
The Proper Care of Cooking Appliances.
For a family of average site It requires
the constsnt attendance In the kitchen
of one person, at least, and often of sev-
eral, to prepare the three meals. Even
In a amall faml'.y the kitchen is In con-
stant oss, an«l, therefore. It Is of first
Importance that It be well ventilated and
has plenty of light.' The condltioua In
ths kitchen lufuence the health of the
family directly, for It Is well known that
food to very susceptible to germs snd
decay In cooklLg. ns well as In storage.
8o let the kitchen be light, roomy and
w^H ventilated In the first place.
All kitchens furnished with a coal
range should have some means of qnlck
cooking; this Is essential to convenience
and economy. In fact, where the coal
range Is not uaed for heating as well as
cooking, a range that gives quicker serv-
ice la demanded. However, the gns range
Unavailable In all cities at the present
time, and wbeu this Is fitted, with a
hood to car.y off the products of com-
bustion, it will fill all requirements.
The place for the refrigerator should
be selected with especial en re In plan-
ning a rltchen. Where It la practicable,
let the cpmpnrtment for Ice <»pea on the
back porch or out of dsor*. This ar-
rangement la much more sanitary, and It
Is much easier to pnt In the Ice. The
drain ,ilpe ought not to l»e directly con-
nected with the sewer The refrigerator
should l»e made easy of lews to the cook
as well, for good cooking demands many
trips between the kitchen table and the
refrigerator.
Thire are several thlugs essential to
the proper care of a refrigerator—the In-
stant removal of anything spilled, clean-
ing the waste pipe* sud a full supply of
Ice. If the food compartments are rare-
full/ wiped out once a week, snd no
crumbs, particle* of food or drops of
liquid are allowed to collect In the mean-
time; no farther attention need be given
to 'heee. Remove the Ice once a week,
wash tbe floor under the rack on which
the Ice rests, take out the removable
drain pipe and trap, and with a cloth
faatened to a rod or a stiff wire, clesn
out these with a strong as I soda solution.
put things away the playroom need not
look like a Junk shop at any time.
All the lighting and heating arrange-
ments should lie especially planned to pre-
vent disaster from (Ire. The lamps, where
there la no gas or electricity, should be
anapendeil high oat of reach; where gas
ti uaed there should l«e a wl.it guard
around the burners and care taust be
taken that the fiitnre* work perfectly.
New Spring Neckwear. **
aws
s la
A gvserous supply of attract It, seek
waar la a aeee*slty ta the wardrobe of
aayon* who has any desire to appear well
dressed, aad this see eon th* new style*
la tbe** little sccessaries of drtss are
especially good. Tbe sll white linen rol-
ler la still much worn, (specially la tbe
fin* band embroidered sorts, but color*)
neckwear Is especially smart Juet bow
aad the whit* collate with floe stripes of
pale blue, lavender, pink or other color ar
of black ar* la' grrsl deatand. Th* II
lastratlona show several attractive rol-
lan of this description, and also some
of the newest collar hoera and plaited
Jahota. The heed iStelrhed stow* oa* of
the new high pointed rnllare. ifcla partlco
lar model bring of lawn, cuxblned with
ralwcleanca lac* aad braided In nam.
soutsche cord. Th* collar sketched he
low this cut wa* of whit* linen, with aa
applied border of striped medras and M)
brotderr la white. The collar bow waa
embroidered and buttoqfoled la the rotor,
and had a plaited mull lie uaUrr th. <uv
broldered pieces. Most of tbe ,i,l:cr
sketches explsla themselves. One •>( Ite
Jabots plctuied wsa of han«lk*;ehl»t linn,
alth aa embroidered tab. worked la grsdn
ated dots In green, the plaited nailer j-ort
- this tsb being edged with val uee.
oth*r Jabot was of sheer embrohi, red
or aarrow iouuHug. la while
%
BV SARA CRANPORD.
Pour aoms of this down ths rest of th*
drain pipe, rlesnlng the pip* as fsr down
as -an be reached Ullk should b* kept
In closed bottles or In a compartment by
Itself.
Tbe really good cook take, scrupulous
care of her cooking utensils, sod comes
to feel a genuine fondness for certain
dishes snd spoona The heavy Ironware snd
the more eipenslv* copper atenslls which
require continue! polishing, havs been
Improved upon, and ar* now ob*olet«, th*
newer arllcl** being th* agateware; alsc
a 'igbt blueware, with wait* inside, th*
alumlnoid war* and a Ughi <t*el wars.
An ample variety of choice Is afforded by
these, end with careful usage th* vessel*
grounds, as far as ths kitchen slab Is
concerned. A fin* Slav* should first ra-
celv* sll wast* water In Its passags
through th* sink. Dish rags should hs
mad* of new cloth, and as soon ss tb*y
show signs of wear they may ba uead
for wiping greasy pans and than thrown
away. Add a little ammoola to tbs
greasy wstsr; this forms SB tmulslon
with th* oils so that th«y ma/ b* washsd
away. Every two or thre* days post
a boiling asl-soda solution dowa tbs
drain, using half a cupful of sal soda to
tbr«* quarts of wster.
There Is sa Idas among hoasekcepsfs
that If the tableware la carefully wash-
ed. the other dlshss will do wlthost
1JUWX OK Hl.flSII UKKKN IN .M>KT UATRJtlAU
NEW COLLARS ANU CULl.AK »RI\VS
may b* kept la good condition for a long
time. All of this wsre bas a smooth
itnlsh that Is easily cleaned with soapy
water, tad rinsed In hot water and dried
with a towel. If further drying la
needed, stand the nteualls ou th* shelf
of -he range Tb* blue sad white ware
and the agate war* chip when subjected
to strung, dry heat. All cooking dlsbe*
.ht'uld lie tilled with warm water Imme-
diately after use. Sapollo, Ivory aoap or
I sal soda will remove stalna that do not
come "If readily, except for aluminum
ware The alkalie* tarnish th* aluminum
Most of tb* calla for th* plumber are
occasioned by llaty dish clot ha sad cotfe*
much attention. Tbls Is a false Idea;
ev*ry dish In wbleb food Is placed should
receive the most careful attention.
Smooth, clean disbe* ar* alway* pre
r< to g.«>d cooking, and In sauce
mak. / >y are absolutely essential. As
s sant used to give richness and
Savor tc^dlsh. without tbes* •letneuta.
If the dish Is rough "uc*
or sticks, the burnt flavor Is csrrled by
the ssuce and la Imparted to the food
It la to season, spoiling th* tast* com-
pletely, snd no amount of outsifl* matter
which may be added will cover ap th*
taat* which waa buraad Into the founda
tlou of UM ssuca
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Williams, E. K. The Temple Daily Telegram (Temple, Tex.), Vol. 1, No. 120, Ed. 1 Sunday, April 5, 1908, newspaper, April 5, 1908; Temple, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth475609/m1/3/: accessed July 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Abilene Library Consortium.