Democratic Telegraph and Texas Register (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 12, No. 19, Ed. 1, Monday, May 10, 1847 Page: 1 of 4
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BY AUTHORITY- 1
Laws of ihe. TJni'cd States passed at the Sec-
ond Session of the Twenty-ninth, Congress.
Public No. 32.
AN .ACT authorizing the erection of certain Iight-
houses, and for other purposes.
'Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Represen-
tatives of the United States of America in Congress
assembled, That as soon as a cession shall be made by
the States respectively, within the limits of which auy
of the light-houses and other public works hereinafter
provided for may be situated, to the United States', of the
jurisdiction qvcratractof land, respectively, proper
for the said light-houses and otner public works, the
Secretary of the lreasury shall cause the said light
IinncM nnrt Atho nnWip tvnrlra tn Kf rAftirt min that
he shall cause the light-houses and othCT publfcVoKa
herein provided for, which may be situated ohsuchl
locations as are now within and under the jurisdiction
of the United States to be erected as soon aspractica?
ble ; and that the following sums be, and herebyare.
appropriated, out of any money in the treasury not
otherwise appropriated, for the purpose herein specified,
to wit:
IN MAINE.'"
For building a light-house atlillle river, in the town,
ot unuer, nve tnousana aouarsf
For rebuilding a light-house at Mount Desert rock,
fifteen thousand dollars ;
For baildinga light-house at Prospect harbor, in the
town of Gouldsbotough, five thousand dollars ;
For a spindle on the South breaker, near White
Head light, three hundred dollars ;
For placing buoys on Trundy's reef and Broad Cove
rock,' in Muscle Ridge channel, to wit: one at each of
t le following places: Hay Island lodge, Hurricane ledge,
Shreves's ledge, Spence'sHead Island lego, Long ledge,
and Muscle ledge, two thousand dollars.
IN NEW HAMPSHIRE.
For rebuilding the light-house on a rock called the
Whale's Back, twenty five-thousand dollars, inclusive
oTaionnemppropriation for breakwater, to protect
that light-house.
IN MASSACHUSETTS.
For such a beacon as may bo deemed necessary by
the Secretary of the Treasury, on a rock called the
""Londoner," near Thatcher's Island, six thousand
dollars ;
For a light-house on Minot's rock, in Boston harbor,
twenty thousand dollars ;
'For three spar buoys, Jn Welfleet harbor, four spar
buoys at the mouth of Westnort harbor, and for-mne
buoys and a beacon in Buzzard's bay, two thousand)
dollars.;- ,- . iff
For a lieht-hoat to bo stationed near a reef of rocks
at the entrance of the Vineyard sound, called the Sow j
and Pigs, ten thousand dollars ; or for a permanent 1
Jight-house on said reef, as the Secretary of the Trea-
sury may deem best;
For b jovs on Hatset's rock. Mill rock, and three buovs
on the spit, in and near the harbor of Edgartown for5:
a buoy at Rockport : for a buoy off Brant point, Nan
tucket ; for beacons or buoys on Harbor rock, Clanv J1
lock, Elisha's ledge, Fort point, and Black'rockinlh'eTJ
harbor ol llo acester, two thousand dollarf -?fonabuoy
m jdcu saoai. oi iuonamoy point, eigniy uonars; jorji
baqy-boat on the east end of Tuckermuck sHijfaaa
neTdn the end of Great or Sandy point rip, eight hun-
dred dollars; ',1
For repairs to the causeway between the light-house
and shore at Edgartown, five thousand dollars.
IN CONNECTICUT.
For a light-house on the North Dumpling, in Fisher's
Island sound, fire thousand dollars ;
For a beacon on the Southwest ledge, in New Haven
harbor, one thousand dollars ;
For rebuilding the light-house at the entrance of
New Haven harbor, at a place to be designated by the
Secretary of the Treasury, ten thousand dollars;
For baoys at the following places, viz: One on
Moulton's ledge, in New London harbor, one on the
outward end of the northeast bar cf " Two Tree is-
land," ono on the north end of BartJctt's reef, one on
the south end of Great Groshen reef, ono on White
xock-reef in Black Point bay and one at the Housatonic
Jiver, the sum, of sereu hundred and twenty dol
lars;
To complelo the sea wall for the protection of the
light-house on Fair Weather island, near Black Rock,
ten thousand dollars.
IN RHODE ISLAND.
For a buoy on Brinton's reef, near the entracooftho
harbor of Newport, and for placing buoys on Buckley
jock, Racorock, and on tho east end of Watch Hill reef,
fonrhundred dollars.
IN NEW YORK.
For a light-house at the entrance of Cattaraugus
creek, four thousand dollars ;
For a red light on Governor's island, one hundred
and nfty dollars;
For a light-house on Execution rocks, in Long Island
sound, twenty-five thousand dollars:
For a beacon on Sandy Hook, three hundred dol-
' : i
a U4 ,HMu ou mo soum sine ot otaten island, wroo
hundred dollars; --
For three beacon lights on the river St. Lawrence,
.at the passage of tho "Thousand Isles," ono at head of
the Narrows, one at Low Rock islet below Alexandria,
and one at the shoal below Crossover island, six thou-
sand dollars ;
For a'light-house on Toller's point, on the Hudson
river, four thousand dollars ;
, For furnishing tho light-honsps on the Atlantic coast
with ,means of rendering assistance to shipwrecked
manners, five-thousand dollars, tho same to be under
the'eontro! and direction of tho Secretary of the Trea-
sury. IN PENNSYLVANIA.
T continue the construction of the light-house on
the Brandywine shoals, in the Delaware river, thirty
thousand dollars.
IN NEW JERSEY. . ...
For a beacon-light at tho corner stake (wcalled)
ociwccu -uiiz.aueuiuwn point ana onoriersmana, aiso
for a small light or lantern at ShorterViislandiffiyi
xnousand dollars ; , t T S... jT
Fora lirht-house on thn ninth mil nfTuMrJrWshMSt??
six thousand dollars; " -j(j
xom uuoy in mo souin cnannei ot iMewvmiei,near
For placing buoys in Little Egg Harbor, four hun-
dred dollars ;
IN DELAWARE.
For buoys to mark the channels discovered by the
coast surveyors in JJelawarc bay, three thousand three
hundred dollars.
Itf MARYLAND. i -
For a beacon-light at Grecnbury point, at the harbor
oi Annapolis, tnree tnouiaud live hundred dollars. j
L
'ief&afnf vtbrtta
Fjjr o?bnoy:dn7Sand Shoal inlet, -in Accomac, ono
iiiiuuxep aouars;-
, 'IN NORTH CAROLINA.
SjFpra Ught-honso on Boddy'a island, twelve thousand
doilart, a former appropriation of five thousand dollars
.having been carried to the surplus fund ;
For a floating light, to take the place of one now off
Brandt island, which te too much decayed for repair,
fifteen thousand dollars. -
IN SOUTH CAROLINA.
For a light-houso on South islaud, on tho southern
edge of Winueyah entrance, five thousand dollars ;
For a light-house at tho entrance of Santee river,
five thousand dollars;
For buoys in Bull's bay and Santee river, one thou-
Tsand dollars;
For beacons to guide vessels over Charleston bar,
three thousand dollars.
J?. IN GEORGIA.
t." .Tj-i j-fiiT?. -
-For placinVa lantern, lamps, and reflectors upon the
beaboii already1 erected upon the ' Oyster beds " in
Sa,vanah river, and for a small house for the keeper,
two thousand dollars;
For erecting a small tower and a keeper s house upon
the'eastend of Long island, in said river, also for a
Similar (tower and house on the cast end of Fig island,
in said river, six thousand dollars ;
For. a buoy at Sapelo inlet, one hundred dollars.
IN FLORIDA.
For a light-house at Cary's fort reef, the sum of thir-
ty thousand dollars, heretofore appropriated and carried
to the surplus fund, is hereby reappropriated.
For a light-house on Engmont key, at the entrance
of TampajBttjTtteajthoasacddeHaw ;.- - i- -.
roru. ligui-nuuse ai Vjupe iauvcnu, uvavu, ujuu-
saud dollars;
For a light-houso at Cape St. George, eight thousand
dollars ;
For a light-houso at Cape St. Bias, eight thousand
dollars;
bt For a light-house at Key West, the old ono having
oeen oesiroyea ov a tornaao twelve mousanu uoutus.
jiF.orabuoy on "Rebecca shoal," about twenty miles
east of.lortugas light, three hundred dollars ;
For a screw-pile light house on or near Sand key,
the light-house at that place having been destroyed by
a tornado, twenty thousand dollars.
IN MISSISSIPPI.
Foralight-house on Merrill'sshell bank, twelve thou-
sand dollars; and the appropriation of a like sum for a
light on St. Joseph island, on tho third day of March,
eighteen hundred and thirty-seven, is hereby repeal-
ed; N
For light-house at Biloxi, twelve thousand dollars.
IN LOUISIANA.
For a light-house on tho " Bon Fouca," three thou-
sand dollars ;
For a light-house on South Chandeleur islaud, twelve
thousand dollars.
IN TEXAS.
For the erection of a light-house on Galveston island,
fifteen thousand dollars:
For the erection ofa light-house on Matagorda island
(fifteen thousand dollars. P
Tor twenty wrougut-iron nuoys, to De piacca in tne
waters of Texas, "J5ve tlibusaud dollars.
e '-i to TMrttlTn -
-Z. . . U. "" "iV: .
j? or a. oeacon-iignt ana preparing tne nead ol tne pier
foEtKSBameat Yennillidn river, throe thousand dol-
Jara.f K '
Far laftiffhtihDriso on Western Sister island, in Lake
iErieifourfth'oneana dollars.
& iZ m ILLINOIS.
' - For a light-hohse-at' Chicago, threo thousand five
hundrcd'dollars JBf ' ('
For nIight-house al Ettlefort, four thousand "dol-
lars. "!XI- '
Ml , m U-gHIGAN.
. ForaligrTt-honseiat Monroe, three thousand dollars;
Fota-l!gbt-honse at Clinton river, three thousand
dollars ? &jf ' ;-
For alightihouse near'Waugoshanco, tho sum ap-
propriated by"thoact of seventh July, eighteen hun-
dred and thirty-eight, to wit: twenty-fivo thousand
dollars, is hereby appropriated ;
For a light-house at Point au Barques, on the wester-
ly shore of Lake Huron, and at the mouth of Saginaw
bajvfive thousand dollars;
For a light-house at De Tour, where the river Sault
Sto. Marie empties into Lake Huron, five thousand dol-
lars; For a light-house at White Fish point, on Lake Su-
perior, JiveiSbusand dollars;
For a IifffirlhonseatBtRrosenh's. three thousand fivo
hnndredfeaollaK'
rur uiigqijiouse antiopper naroor, ron wuKins,
Lake Supengr, five ihojsand'dollars.
;. . IVISCdNSIN.
t -For a. light-houso atSouthport, four thousand dol-
lars; v"
SjEorfc irght'house5atornear Tail point, at the mouth
MForriveri four thousand dollars.
jSec 2. AndSe itfurthef'enacted, That the works at
CryXFort reef, Floridij near Waugoshance, Michi-
gan ;&inot'a jock, lassachusetts ; Whale's back,
New Hampshire;" Fan: Weather island, near Black
"rockrConnecticnt j -and Brandywine shoals, in tho
lare,rrvjeRyennsyivania, shall bo executed under
jeBujwrintenaence.of the Topographical Bureau.
jSe2.And.be it further enacted, That the hVht
iEihe Delaware breakwater shall hereafter bo includ-
fl3 !it.:.. .t.1: -r.l i.ti!.L.JL..i..
uu tviuiiu iie nm. oi muse esiaousueu uy law.
Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That the follow-
ing named light-houses be, -and they are hereby dis
continued, to wit: one at the west end of St. George's
isianu ana one at tne entrance oi ot. josopn s bay, in
Florida ; ono at Cunningham's harbor and one at Otter
creek, on Lake Erie ; the light-house on Otter creek,
not to be discontinued, however, until tho lisrht-house
at Monroe be completed; and that, whenever the
light-house on the Execution rocks, Long Llaud
sound, is completed, then the light at Sand's point, on
Lonr island, be discontinued.
Approved March 3, 1847.
Public No. 30.
AN. ACT making further appropriation to bring the
' existing war witn aucxico to a speedy and honorable
conclusion.
" Bo it enacted by the Senate and House of Represen
tatives of the Unittd States of America in ConTess
assembled, 1 hat whereas a state of war now exists
between tho United States and the republic of Mexico,
whiehit is desirable should be speedily terminated upon
terms just and honorable to both nations ; and whereas
assurances have heretofore been given to the govern-
ment of Mexico that is was thtf desire of the President
to settles all questions between the two countries on tho
most liberal and satisfactory terms, according to tho
rights of each and the mutual interests and security of
the two countries; and whereas the President may be
ab!o to conclude a treaty of peace with the republic of
Mexico prior to the next session of Congress, if means
for that object are at his disposal; and whorcas, in the
adjustment of so many complicated questions as now
exist between tho two countries, it may possibly happen
that an expenditure of money will be called for by tho
stipulations of any treaty which may be entered into ;
therefore, tho sum of threo millions of dollars bo. ami
Kthe samo is hereby appropriated, out of any money in
me treasury noiomerwise appropriated, to enable the
President to conclude a treaty of peace, limit, and
boundaries with the republic of Mexico, to bo used by
him in tho event that said treaty when signed by tho
authorized agontsof tho two governments, and duly ra-
tified by Mexico, shall call for tho expenditure of tho
same, or any part thereof; full and accurate accounts
for which expend.tre shall be by him tran3mitod to Con
gress at as early a day as p-acticab!o.
JOHN W.DAVIS,
Speaker of tho House of Representatives.
G. M. DALLAS,
Vies President of tho United States and
President of the Senate.
Approvod March 3, 1847.
JAMES K. POLK.
Public No. 33.
AN ACT for the admission of tho State of Wisconsin
into tho Union.
Whereas the! people of tho Territory of Wisconsin
ilid, oq Ihe-xixteeuth day of December, eighteen hun-
Wred and forty-six, by a convention of delegates called
ranil assembled, for that purpose, form for themselves a
wnstituiiou and State srovcrnment. which said pomi;i.
jBoaipubUcaaand said convention having asked
(ujo vuiuussvu vi wu icrmuiy into tne Union as a
SJ&te,xra sin eqnalaooting with tho original States :
MntaJiveSjf the United States of America in Confrere
aemhfed&Tbat the Stats cf Wisconsin h?. sn7ih.
'same js Hereby declared to be, one of the United States
!7 ' "V.....J -"""iu "" Mir UlJIUIl Ull
jan'eqoal footing with Ihe original States, in all respects
Sec 2. And bo it-further tnacted, That the assent of
.
HOUSTON, MONDAY,
M-ytT-Tf.i"
Cougresi is hereby given to the change of boundary
proposed in the first article of taid constitutiou, to wit.
leaving the boundary line preeenbed mthoact of Con-
grefcs ontittled " An act to enable tho people of Wis-
consin Terrritory to form a constitution and Statn go-
vernment, and for tho admission of such State into the
Union," at tho first rap.ds in the river St. Louis, thence
in a direct line southwardly to a point fifteen miles cast
of tho most easterly point in lake St. Croix, thence due
south to tho main channel of tho Missisoippi riveror
lake Pepin, thence down the said mam channel, as pre-
scribed in said act.
Sec. 3. And bo it further enacted, That the assent
of Congress in hereby given to the re-olutions adopted
by baid convention and appended to said constitution,
and tho acts of Congress referred to in said resolutions
arc hereby amended so that tho lands thereby granted
and the proceeds thereof, and the fivo per centum of
tho net proceeds of the public lands, may bo held and
disposed of by said State, m the manner and for the
purposes rccomended by said convention : Pruvided,
however, That the liabilities incurred by the territorial
government of Wisconsin, under tho act ontitled " An
act to grant a quantity of land to tho Territory o!
isconni, lor me purpose oi aiunig in opoiiuig a canal
to c Jiiuect tho waters of Lako Michigan with thoe ol
Rock river," shall bo paid and discharged by said
State: And provided, further, That tho even number-
ed sections along tho route of said proposed canal shall
be brought into market, and sold at the same minimum
price, and subject to the samo rights of pre-emption
to all the settlers thereon at tho passage ol this act, as
other public lands of tho United Statc3.
Soj. 4. And bo it further enacted, That it is made
wr -. i
asi d8ciij$&ioffa.udaffienteiluii
mission of said Statu of Wisconsininto the Union? that
the constitution adopted at Madison, ou the sixteenth
day of December in tho yoar ono thousand eight hun-
nred and lorty-six, shall be assented to by tho qualified
electors in the manner and at the times prescribed in
the ninth section of the twentieth articlo of said con-
stitution. And a soon as such assent shall be given,
tho President of tho United States shall announce the
same by proclamation; and therefrom, and without
any further proceedings on tho part of the Congress
the admission of said Stale of Wisconsin into the Union
on an equal footing in all respects whatever with the
original States, siiail bo considered a3 complete.
Approved March 3, 1847.
Public No. 31.
AN ACT to provide for tho punishment of piracy in
certain cases.
Bo it enacted by the Senate and House of Represen-
tativrs of the United States of America in Congress
assembled, That any subject or citizen of any foreign
State, who shall be found and takn on the sea, mak-
ing war upon tho United States, or cruising against the
vessols and property thereof, or of tho citizens of tho
same, contrary to the provisions of any treaty existing
between the United States and tho State of which such
person is a citizen or subject, when by such treaty
such acUofsuch persons arc declared tobqgiiracy,
any circuit court of tho United States, for thohstnet
into which 6uch person may be brought, or shall be
found, in the samo manuor as othor persons charged
with piracy may bo arraigned, tried, convicted, and
punished in said courts.
Approved March 3, 1847.
A GOOD DAUGHTER,
BY J. C. PALFREY.
A good daughter ! there are other minis-
tries of love, more conspicuous than hers, but
none, in which a gentler, lovlier spirit dwells,
and none, to which the heart's warm requitals
more joyfully respond. There is no such
thing, as a comparative estimate ofa parent's
affection, for one or another child. There is
little which ho needs to covet, to whom the
treasure ofa good child has been given. Bat
a son's occupation's and pleasures carry him
more abroad ; and he lives more among temp-
tations, which hardly permit tho affection that
is following him perhaps over half the globe,
to be wholly unmingled with anxiety, till the
time when he comes to relinquish tho shelter
of his father's roof, for one of his own ; while
a good daughter is the steady light of her pa-
rent's house.
Her idea is indissolubly connected with
that of his happy fireside. She is his morning
suji-light, and his evening star. The grace,
aud-viyacity, and tenderness of her set, have
their place in the mighty sway which she
holds over his spirit. The lessons of record-
ed wisdom "which he reads with her eyes,
come to his mind with a new charm, as thev
blend with the beloved melody of her voice.
He scarcely knows weariness which her
song does not make him forget, or gloom
which is proof against the young brightness
of her smile. She is the pride and ornament
of his hospitality, and the gentle nurse of his
sickness, and the constant agent in those
nameless, numberless acts of kindness, which
one chiefly cares to havo rendered, because
they arc unpretending but all-expressive proofe
oflove.
And then what a cheerful sharer is she,
and what an able lightener ofa mother's cares!
what an ever present delight and triumph to a
mother's affection 1 Oh ! how little do those
daughters know of the power which God has-
committed to them, and the happiness God
would have them enjoy, who do not, every
time that a parent's eye rests en them, bring
rapture to a parent's heart. A true love will,
almost ceitainly, always greet their approach-
ing steps : that they will hardly alienate.
But their ambition should be, not to have it a
love merely which feelings implanted by nat-
ure excite, but one made intense, and over
flowing by approbation of worthy conduct; and
she is strangely blind to her own happiness,
as woll as undutiful to them to whom she
owes the most, in whom the perpetual appeals
of parental disinterestedness, do not call forth
the prompt and full echo of filial devotion.
MEETING AT LOUISVILLE.
The citizens of LouisviIIo held a general meelinn-on
tho Sth inst, ou the subject of the battle of Bucna Vis-
ta, and after express'uig their gratification at the glo-
rious result of the battle, und the distinguished part
that tho Kentuckians boro in the action, they passed
resolutions of regret, for tho untimely fate of the dis-
tinguished citizeus of the State who fell on the occa-
sion, specifying the names of Colonels McKee and
Hardin, Lieut.-Col. Clay, Capt. Willis and Adjutant
Vaugn the following aro the closing resolutions:
10. Reidccd, That wo deeply sympathizo with oar
sister State, Arkansas, for tho calamity sho has suffer-
ed in tho death of the galiant Col." Yell. Having
been elected to tho chief office of the State, ho dis"
t-iuigi-u u iui hid utmost integrity and ability, after-
wards ho served with distinction in tho councils of tho
nation, and finally, among tho foremost in the fi"ht,
lie charged Up thickest of the enemy with ull tho im-
potuosity that belongs to the southern character, and
toiind in the arms of victory, while yet in early man-
hood, a glorious termination to a distinguished ca-
reer. 1 1. Rssohed, That we tender to the parents and
families of such of the private soldiers of our city and
county, as fell upon this memorablo occasion, our
condolence and sympathy for thodistrcRsing loss which
they have sustained m tho deaths of their heroic rela-
tion i.
12. Resolved, That Isaac Everett, N. Wolfe, Wm.
Preston, John W. Tyler and David L. B-atty, bo up-
pointed a committee to make the requisite arrangements
to bring bark to Louisville the remains of Col. Clay,
and such other of our c.tizcns, whether officers orhol-
dicrs as fell with him.
13. Rcxalvcd, That Wm. J. Graves, James C. John
son, Dr. Flint, Wm. 11. Field and L. L. Shrove, bo
appointed it committee, to transmit to tho families of
those lamented officers, copips of the foregoing rcsoiu-
uons, witn tiio assurances oi the proloiind sympathy
oi inu community in their present atuictions.
14. Resolved, That upon tho rotum of tho remains
of Col. Clay, and his brave companions in arms, (ho I
MAY 10, 1847.
' ""vFTTTii?n'vrrTwirT v?,w -i''w-.'.rrj.t'-i''fy-'"
etizens of LouisviIIo will erect a suitable monument
to commemorate the services and transmit to posterity
the virtues of tho bravo men who devoted their lives to
the public service in tho sanguinary battle of Bucnu
Vista.
JYovt Rio Janeiro and the Ricer Plate. By tho
bark Lunomus, Capt. Mansfield, From Rio Janeiro,
Feb. 20th, wo learn that the U. S. corvette Levant had
arrived there from Valparaiso, and would sail in a fow
days for the United States. Extract of a letter, dated
Rio Janeiro, Feb. 19th, 1847.
We are most anxiously expecting lato advices from
England and Montevideo, as it will probably determine
the policy of England and France as regards the armed
! mterventien on the River Plate, particularly as upon
their decision depends the qrcstion of peace or war be-
tween Rosas and Brazil. The former has of lato of-
fered many insults to Brazil, and seems to be determin-
ed to goad her into a quarrel. Brazil is desirous of
peace, but is preparing for defenco in case of being at
tacked at the south.
By last dates from Montevideo, 30th Jan., Rosas'
troops were m possession ol tho Banda Oriental, liav
mg crossed in large numbers routed Rivera, who had
a lew days baloro taken faysauuu on the Uruguay
and driven him across tho country to Montevidio,
whore he arrived on the 27th. It was extremely doubt-
ful whether he could maintain himself against Onbc's
forces, and if not, ho would probably be able to retreat
to Rio Grande again, and if afforded protection as be-
fore, Rosas would consider it a " casus beli," aud com-
mence operations immediately. Ono of his most seri-
ous charges against Brazil is, their otTering Rivera pro-
tection, and afterwards allowing him passports to go
'ti?Mifnteviaeo. It has been trie subject-oV two very
strong protestshy tho Argentino ministers at this Court.
It would now appear that Urquiza, the Governor of
Eutre Riys, who it was supposed had deserted Rosas,
has again espoused his cause ; not only allowing his
troops to pass Entro Rios, but offoring any assistance
in hw power.
Nothing is known with certainty of tho State of
Corriontes, but it is to bo feared that sho will follow
Entre Rios, being party to the treaty of Alceras, which
appears to havo been intended only to bliud the other
States, while Rosas was preparing for tho new cam-
paign. The general opinion is, that Brazil cannot escape a
war with Rosas, particularly in consequence of her
good understanding with Paraguay, having acknowl-
edged her independence. Many think the two powers
ha e entered privately into a treaty offensivo and de-
feii3ic. It is very certain that tho Paraguay minister
at tins court is on very good terms with tho govern-
ment, and it would not bo surprising if Gen. Guide, the
Argeutino minister, should demand his passport ; or
rather, if the government should send them to him.
His correspondence and protests tho past three months
havo been couched not only in strong but insulting
terms. 1 ho replies of the Brazilian government wore
very proper, and not wanting in spirit.
Tho government are expecting Mr. Wise's recall,
having signified their wishjthat ho should not remain,
and under the circumstances it would be advisable.
Jour, of Com.
BATTLE OF BUENA VISTA.
GEN. TAYLOR'S OEFICIAL DESPATCH.
Fiom the Washington Union.
Headquarters, Aruv of Occupation-, ';
Agua Nubva, .March G, 1847. C
Sir I have tho honor to submit a detailed report of
tho operations of the forces under my command, which
resulted in tho engagement of Buena Vista, the repulse
of tho Mexican army aud the re-occupation of this po-
sition. Tho information which reached me of the advance
and concentration of a heavy Moxican force in my
front, had assumed such probable form, as to induce a
special examination for beyond the reach of our pickets
to ascertain its correctness. A small party of Texian
spies, under Major McCulIoch, despatched to the Haci-
enda of Encarnacion, 30 miles from this, on tho route
to ban Luis Potosi, had reported a cavalry force of un-
known strength at that place. On tho 2uth February
a strong reconuoisanco under Lieut. Col. May was de-
spatched to tho Hacienda of Jleclionda, while Major
McCulIoch made another examination of Encarnacion.
Tho results of theso expeditions left no doubt that tho
enemy was in largo force at Encarnacion, uudcr the
orders of Gon Santa Anna, and that ho meditated a
forward movement and attack upon our position.
Asf the Camp of Agua Nueva could be turned on ei-
ther flank, and as tho enemy s force was greatly supe-
rior to our own, particularly in the arm of cavalry, I
determined, after much consideration, to take up a po-
sition about cloven miles in rear, and there await tho
attack. Tne army broke up its camp and marched at
noon on the 21st, encamping at the now position a little
in front of tho Hacienda of Bucna Vista. With a small
force I proceeded to Saltillo to make some necessary
arrangements for tho defence of the town, leaving Brig.
Gen. Wool in tho immediate command of the troops. .
Before those arrangements wore completed on the
morning of tho 22d, 1 was advised that the enemy wat
in sight, advancing. Upon reaching tho ground it wai ;
fouud that his cavalry advance was in our front, hav-
ing marched from Encarnacion. as we have since learn- -cd,
at 11 o'clock ou tho day previous, and driving in 1 1
mounted force left at Agua Nueva to cover the remo- -val
of public stores. Our troops were in position, occu- -pying
a liuo of remarkable strength. The road at thii i
point becomes a narrow defilo, the yalloy on its right
being- rendered quite impracticable for artillery by 1 1
system of deep aud impassable gullies, while onthelef t
a succession of rugged ridgfi3 aud precipitous raviua,i
extends far back towards tho mountain which bound i
tho valley. The features of tho ground were such a; f
nearly to paralyze tho artillery and cavalry of the cne--my,
while his infantry could not derive all tho advant
age of its numerical superiority. In this position wo
prepared to receive him. Capt. Washington's batter;
(4th artillery) was posted to command tho road, while
tho 1st aud 2d Illinois regimonts under Colonels Hai -dm
and BiHsell, each eight companies, (to the latti r
of which was attached Capt. Connor's company -of
Texas voiuntecrs,) and tho 2d Kentucky under Col.
Juclvee, occupied the crest3 of tho ridges on the loft
and in the rear. The Arkansas and Kentucky reg i-
meiiU of cavalry, commanded by Cols. Yell aud tl.
Marshall, occupied tho extreme left near the baso of
tho mountain, while the Indiana brigade, under Brig.
Gen. Lane, (composed of tho 2d and 3d regiments un-
der Cols. Bowles and Lane,) tho Mississippi riflemen
under Col. Davis, tho wjuadrons of the 1st and 2d dra
goons under Capt. Stccn and Lieut. Col. May, and tho
light batteries ofCapls. Sherman and Bragg, 3d artil-
lery, were held in reserve. At 11 o'clock I received
from Gcu. Santa Anna a summons to surrender at dis-
cretion, which, with a copy of my reply, I havo alrea-
dy transmitted. The enemy still forbore his attack,
evidently waiting for tho arrival of his rear columns,
whch could bo distinctly seen by our look-outs as thoy
approached tho field. A demonstration mado on his
lett caused mo to detach tho 2d Kentucky regimont
and a section of artillery to our right, in which position
they bivouacked for the night. In the mean time the
Mexican light troops had engaged ours on the extreme
left, (composed of parts of tho Kentucky and Arkansas
cavalry dismounted, aud a rifle battalion from tho In-
diana brigado under Major Gorman, the whole com-
manded by Col. Marshall,) and kept up a sharp fire,
climbing the mountain sido, and apparently endeavor-
ing to gam our flunk. Threo pieces of Capt. Wash
ington's battery had been detached to the left, and wore
supported b tho 2d Indiana regiment. An occasional
shell was thrown by the enemy into this part of our line,
but without enect. 1 ho bkirinwli.ng of the light troops
w.is kept up with trifling Iohb on our part uiit.l dark,
when I becamo convinced that no serious attack would
be made boforo tho morning, and returned with the
.Mu-NiHsippi regiment and squadron of 2d dragoons to
Saltillo. Tho troops bivouacked without firus, and laid
upon their arms. A body of cavalry, some 150(1 strong,
had been visible all day in the rear of the town, having
entered the valley through a narrow pass cast of the city.
The cavalry, commanded by Gen. Minon, had evident-
1 been thrown m our rear to break upandharrassour
retreat, and perhaps make somo attempt against Ihe
town if practicable. The city was occupied by fourcx-
ci llent companies of Illinois volunteers under Major
Warren of the lbt regiment. A fieldwork, which com-
manded ino't of the approaches, was garrisoned by
Capt. Webster's companj , 1st artillery, and armed with
t o 24-pound howitzers, whilo tho train and head-
quarter camp was guarded by two compau-es Missis-
sippi riflemen under Capt. Rogers, and a field-piece
commanded by Capt. Shover, 2d artillery. Having
made theso dispositions for tho protection of the rear, I
proceeded on tho morning of tho 23d to Buena Vista,
ordering forward all tho other available troops The
action had commenced bfo o my arrival on the field.
1) iring tho o eimig and nint of the 22d the enemy
had tlirou ii a bodyof light troops on tho mountain side,
with the purpose of outflanking our left; and it wat
VOL. XII.
horo that the action of the 23d commenced at an early
hour. Our riflemen under Col. Marshall, who hadbeen
reinforced by three companies under Maj. Trailed Il-
linois volunteers, maintained their ground handsomely
against a greatly superior forco; holding themselves
under cover and using their weapons with deadly effect.
About 8 o'clock a strong demonstration wasmade
against tho centre of our position, a heavy column mov-
ing along the road. This force was sooii dispersed by
a few rapid and well-directed shots from Capt Wash-
ington's battery. In tho moan timo the enemy was
concentrating a large force of infantry and cavalry un-
der cover of the ridges, with the obvious intention of
forciug our left, which was posted on an extonsive pla-
teau. The 2d Indiana and 2d Illinois regiment form-
ed this part of our lino, the former covering three pie-
ces of light artillery, under tho orders of Capt. O'Brien
Brig. Gon. Lane being in the immediate commaud.
In order to bring his men within effective rarigo, Gen.
Lane ordered the artillery and 2d Indiana Regiment
forward. Tho artillery advanced within musket range
ofa heavy body of Mexican infantry, and wadlervcd
against it with groat effect, but without being able to
check its advance. The infantry ordered to its sup-
port had fallen back in disorder, being exposed, as woll
as tho battery, not only to a sovero fire of small arms
from tho frout, but also to a murderous cross fire of
grape and canister from a Mexican battery on'the left.
Capt. O'Brien found it impossible to retain his position
without support, hut was only able to withdraw two of
his pieces, all tho horses and cannoniers of tho third
piece being killed or disabled. Tho 2d Iudiahajregi-
ment, which had fallen back as stated, could not bo
rallied, aud took no further part in the action, except a
handful of men, who, under its gallant Colonel, Bowles,
joined the Mississippi rogiment, and" did gosjf service,
and those fugitives who. at a later period intho'day
assisted in defending the train and depot at Buena Vista.
This portion of our Tine having giveaway, and the ene-
my appearing in overwhelming force against our left
flank, the light troops which had rendered such good
service on the mountain, were compelled to withdraw,
which they did, for tho most part, in good order. Ma-
ny, however, were not rallied until they reached the
depot at Buena Vista, to tho defenco of which they af-,
terwards contnbutcd.
Col. Bissell's regiment, (2d Illinois, (which had bceiu
joined by a section of Capt Shorman's battory,had be-
como completely outflanked, aud was compelled to fall
back being entirely unsupported. Thoy enemy was
now pouring mosses of infantry and cavalryalong the
base of the mountain on our left, and was gaining our
rear in great force. At this momont, I arrived upon
tho field. The Mississippi regiment hadbeen directed
to tho left before reaching the position, and immediately
came into action against the Mexican infantry which
had turned our flank. Tho 2d Kentucky regiment and
a section of artillery tmder Capt. Bragg, had previously
been ordered from the right to reinforce our left, and
arrived at a most opportune moment. That regiment,
and a portion of tho 1st Illinois, under Col. Hardiu.igat-'
lantly drove tho enemy, and recovered a portion of the
ground wo had lost. The batteries of Gapts. Sherman
and Bragg were in position on the plateau, and did much
execution, not only in front, but particularly upon the
massess which had gained our rear- Discovering that
the enemy was heavily pressing upon the Mississippi re-
giment, the 3d Indiana regiment, under Col. Lane, was
despatched to strengthen that part of our line of battle.
At the samo time Liout. Kilburn, with a piece of Capt.
Bragg's 'battery, was directed to support the infantry
there engaged. The action was for a long time warmly
sustained at that point tho enemy making several ef-
forts both with infantry and cavalry against our line,
and boing always repulsed with heavy loss. J. had plac-
ed all the regular cavalry and Capt. Pike's squadron of
Arkansas horse under tho orders of Brevet Lie'nt. Col.
May, with directions to hold m check ,the enemy's
column, still advancing to the rear along tho baso of the
mountain, which was done in conjunction with tho
Kentucky and Arkansas cavalry, under Cols. Marshall
and Yell. In the meantime our left, which was still
strongly threatened by a superior force, was further
strengthened by tho detachment of Capt. Bragg's, and
a portion of Capt. Sherman's batteries, to that quarter.
The concentration of artillery firo upon tho faasses of
the enemy along the hose of tho mountain, and the de-
termined resistance offered by tho two regiments op-
posed to them, had created confusion in their ranks,
and some of the corps attempted to effect a retreat up-
on their main line of battle. The squadron of the 1st
dragoons, under Lieut. Rucker, was now ordered up
the deep ravine which theso retreating corps were en
deavoring to cross, in order to charge and disperse them.
The squadron proceeded to the point indicated, but
could not accomplish tho object, being exposed to a
heavy firo from a battery established to cover the retreat
of tho3e corps. Whilo tho squadron was detached on
this service, a large body of tho enemy was observed
to concentrate on our extreme left, apparently with tho
view of making a descent upon tho hacienda of Buena
Vista, where our train and baggage were deposited.
Lieut. Col. May was ordered to the support of that point,
with two pieces of Capt. Sherman's battery, under
Lieut. Reynolds. In tho meantime tho scattered forces
near tho hacienda, composed in part of Majors Trail
and Gorman's commands, had been to some extent
organized under the advice of Maj. Munroo, chief of ar-
tillery, with the assistance of Maj. Morrison, volunteer
staff, and were posted to defend tho position. Beforo
our cavalry had reached tho hacienda, that of the ene-
my had made its attack, having been handsomely met
by tho Kentucky and Arkansas cavalry under Cols.
Marshall and Yell. Tho Mexican columu immediate-
ly divided, ono portion sweeping by tho depot, where it
recoived a destructive fire from the force which had
collected there, and then gaining the mountain oppo-
site, under a firo from Lieut. Reynold's section, tho re-
maining portion regaining the baso of tho mountain on
our left. In tho charge at Buena Vista, Col. Yell fell
gallantly at tho head of his regiment ; wo also lost Adj.
Vaughan, of tho Kentucky Cavalry a young officer
of much promise Liout. Col. May, who had been re-
joined by the squadron of tho 1st dragoons and by por-
tions of tho Arkansas and Indiana troops under Lieut.
Col. Roane and Major Gorman, now approached the
baso of the mountain, holding in check the right flank
of the enemy, upon whose masses, crowded in tHo nar-
tow gorges and ravines, our artillery was doing fearful
execution.
The position of that portion of tho Mexican army
which had gained our rear, was now very critical, and
it seemed doubtful whether it could regain tho main
body. At this moment I received from Gen. Santa
Anna a message, by a BtafF officer, desiring to know
what I wanted .' I immediately despatched Brig. Gen.
Wool to tho Mexican General-in-Chief, and sent or-
ders to cease firing. Upon reaching tho Mexican lines
Gen. Wool could not causo tho enemy to cease their
tip, and accordingly returned without having an in-
terview. Tho extreme right of the enemy continued
its retreat along tho baso of the mountain, and finally,
in spito of all our efforts, effected a junction with tho
remainder of tho army.
During tho day, tho cavalry of Gen. Minon had as-
cended the elovated plain above Saltillo, where they
intercepted several of our men. Approaching the town
they were fired upon by Capt. Webster from the re-
doubt occupied by his company, and then moved off
towards the eastern side of tho valley, and obliquely
towards Bucua Vista. At this timo Capt. Shover mov-
ed rapidly forward with his piece, supported by a mis-
cellaneous commaud of mounted volunteers, and fired
several shots at tho cavalry with great effect. They
were driven into the ravines which lead to tho lower
valley, closely pursued by Capt. Shover, who was fur-
ther supported by a pieco of Capt. W'tbcter's battery,
under Lieut. Donaldson, which had advanced from
tho redoubt, supported by Capt. Wheeler's company
Illinois volunteers. Tho enemy made one or two ef-
forts to charge the artillery, but was finally driven
back in a confused mass, and did not again appear up-
on the plain.
In tho meantime, tho firing had partially ceased up-
on tho principal field. Tho enemy seemed to confino
Ins efforts to tho protection of his artillery, aud I had
left tho plateau for a moment, when I was recalled
thither by a very heavy musketry fire. On regaiuirfr
that position, I disco-cred that our infantry, (Illinois
aud 2d Kentucky,) had engaged a greatly superior
forco of tho enemy evidently his reserves and that
they had been overwhelmed by numbers. The mo-
ment was most critical. Capt. O'llnen, with two pie-
ces, had sustained this heavy chargo to the last, and
was finally obliged to leave Ilia guns on the field his
infantry support being entirely routed. Capt. Bragg,
who had just arrived from the left, was ordered at once
into battery. Without any infantry to support him,
and at tho eminent risk of losing his guns, this officer
came rapidly into action, tho Mexican lino being but
a few yards from the muzzlo oi his pieces. The first
dtschargo of canister caused the enemy to hesitate, tho
second and third drove him back in disorder, and saved
tho day. Tho 2d Kentucky reg ment, which had ad-
vanced beyond supporting distance in this affair, was
driven back and closely pressed by the enemy's env-n'rv-
Taking a ravins which led in the direction of
NO. 19"WHOLEN0.59J
, , ,IL;
Capt. Washington's battery, their pursuers became ex- " ,
posed to hi3 fire, which soon checked and drove them. CT ' "
back with loss. In the meantime the rest of our artil ";
lory had takon position on the plateau, covered by tho0"" 'x
Mississippi and 3d Indiana regiments, the former of 'J
which had reached tho ground in time to pour a firo ' J
into tho right flank of the enemy, and thus contribute
to hisrepulso In this last conflict we had the mis- '-
fortuho to sustain a very heavy loss. CpUHardaviBt
Illinois, and Col. McKee and Lt Col. Clay, 2d Ken- &'"'
tucky regiments, felL at this time, while gallantly head- '
ing their commands. - J
No further attempt was made &Jhe enemy to force ?
our position, and the approach oprumflijgave an oppor- ' '
tnnity to pay proper attention to thewotiSued, and al- &
so to refresh the soldiers who had been exhausted'hy1; V1
incessant watchfulness and combat Though the''
night was scverelyjgold, the Upops.wcre compelled foryj"
the most to bivouack without fires, expecting that "
morning would renew tiie conflict,' During the night '
the wounded were removed to- Saltillo, and every
preparation made to receive tfio enemy should he
again attack our position. Seven fresh companies . 3
were drawn from the town, aud Brig, Gen. Marshall,
who had made a forced march frorhRnicona'da, with;
a reinforcement of Kentucky cavalrylihd four heavyfs -guns,
under Capt Prentiss, 1st artillery, wasnear'af
hand, when it was discovered that the enemy had " ' '
abanboned his position during tho night Our scouts
soon ascertained that he had fallen back upon Agu
'Nuova. The great disparity of numbers, and the ex-
naustion ot our troops, rendered it inexpedient to at-
tempt pursuit?!. A staff officer was despatched to Gen.
Santa Anna to negociato an' exchange of prisoners,,
which was satisfactorily completed" the following day.
Our own deadjweje collected and bcriedand thgjMer-
ican wounded, oX,which a large nhmber hadbfelef?'T't
upon the field, were removed to Saltillo, and rendered
as comfortable as circumstances would permit ' '
On. tho evening of the 26th, a close reconnoisanca .
was made of the enemy's position, which was foimdt.H'
bo.occupiod only by a small body of cavalry, the in--fantry
and artillery having retreated in tho direction of v
jfian Lais Potosi. Cm tho 27th our troops resumed'.
their former camp at Agua Njjeva!the enemy'B reaj, j
guard evacuating the place as we approached, leaving
a considerable number of wounded. It was my intent -tion
to beat ,up his quarters at Encarnacion early thr '
next morning, but upon examination,. th6 weak condi-
tion of the cavalry horses rendered it unadvisable t .
attempt so long a march without water. A command
was finally despatched to Encarnacion, on the lstor
March, under Col. Belknap. Some 200 wounded and; ' .
about sixty MexicarTsoIdiera were found there, the ar-..- ,-
my having passed on in the direction of Matehuala,-
with greatly reduced nurnrjers, and suffering much
from hunger; Tho dead'aud dying were strewed upon
the road and crowded the buildings-of the hacicndW
The American forco engaged in the battlo'of Buena
Vista is shown,- by the accompanying field report, tprgjjV
have, been 334 officeriCand 4,425 men, exclusive!?
of the smalP command- left in and near Sallilloc
Of thw' number?! two squadron's of cfpjahy, and thrae "
batteries of lighr artillery, making ngtme tEan 455 j
strength of the Mexican army is sfatcXl by Gen. Sant
u.WM, bUlUJVmU IUI4WUV AUA4.0 VX iI IJWLIS. 1 U
Anna bifa summons, to bo 20,"000 ; and that estimataj
is confirmed bv all the information since ohlainpiiSE
Our loss is 267 killed, 456 wounded, andtw.ty-threa
missing. Of the numerous wounded, many did not
require removal to the hospital, and it is hoped that &
comparatively bmall number will be permanentlylfiB -abled.
The Mexican Ios3 in killed and wounded may
be fairly estimated at 1,500, and will probably reach
2,000. At least five hundred of theirjcilled were lefti L
upon the field of battle. We have no means of ascer"
fainiug tho number of deserters and dispersed men frcra-
their ranks, but it is known to be very great
Our loss has been especially severe in officers, 28
having been killed upon tho field. We have io lament
the death of Capt Geo. Lincoln, .assistant adjutant
general, serving on the staff of Gen Wool a young
officer of high bearing and approved gallantry, who fell
early in the action. No loss falls more heavily upon Y
the army in the field than that of Cols. Hardin and
McKee, and Lt. Col. Clay. Possessing in a remarka-
ble degree thb confidence of their commands, and thav ,
last two having enjoyed the advantage of a military,-
education, I had looked particularly totthcrn in.C2S,-,i
we met the enemy. I need not say that their zeal jSP1;
engaging the enemy, and the cool and steadfast courjj
affe with which thev maintained thfiir nnaitfnn rfurinir
the day fully'realized my hopes, and caused me to feel
yet more sensibly then- untimely loss.
I perform a grateful duty in bringing to the notice of ' '
the government the general good conduct of the troope. 2
Exposed for successive nights without fires to- the se-
verity of the weather, they were everproinpt aadcheer-
ful in the discharge of every duty, and finally displayed '
conspicuous steadiness and gallantry inTepulsing afci-.1,
great odd3 a disciplined fce. While tho bnlliantracj -
cess achievedby their arms releases me from thoparn,
ful necessity of specifying many cases of bad conduct
beforo the enemy, I feel an increased obligation to- -mention
particular corps aud officers, whose skill, cool-
ness and gallantry in trying situations and undsiyL "
continued and-heavy fire, seem to merit particula&na-o
t!ce- . L
To Brig. Gen. Wool my obligations are cspedally,
duo. The high state of discipline and instruction of?,
several of the volunteer regiments was attained- 'Jt
under his command, and to his vigilance and arduotw
drpTrA hnfnrA thn nrtinn. stnA lira fmllnnf nr ?nr1 aMrv.W
itv on the field, a lar?e share of our success mav iusiiv'?:
be attributed. During most of the engagement he was
in immediate command of the troops thrown bacr-.oaj
our left flank. I be? Iea7e to-recornmend him to th5
favorable notfee of the government. Brig. Geq.-Laritjs,
(slightly wounded) wasaclive and zealous throughout; 3
the day, and displayed great coolness and gallantry
before tho enemy. ' i
Tho services of the light artillery, always: conspicn-- J
ous, were more than usually distinguished. Moving -rapidly
over the roughest ground, it wa3 always in'ac-J
tion at.the right time, and its well directed fire dealt "'
destruction in tho masses of the enemy. While I re-.. .
commend to particular favor tho gallant conduct and"
valuable 6orvices of Major M'unroe, chief of artillery,
and Capts. Washington, 4th artillery, and Sherman, -'
and Bragg, 3d artillery, commanding batteries, Xdeem
it no more than just to mention all the subaltern offi-
cers. They were nearly all detached at different times ,
and in every situation exhibited conspicuous skill and ,
gallantry. Capt. O'Brien, Lieuts. Brent, Whiting and '
Couch, 4th artillery, and Bryan, topographical engi-
neers, (slightly wounded,) were attached to Captain. .
Washington's battery. Lieuts. Thomas, Reynolds and
French, 3d artillery, (severely wounded,) toithat of
Capt Sherman ; and Capt Shovor and. Lieut Kilburn,
3d artillery to that of Capt. Bragg. Capt Shover, in
conjunction with Lieut Donaldson, 1st. artillery, ren-
dered gallant and important service nVrepuIsing tho
cavalry of Gen. Minon. The regular cavalry,, under'
Lieut Col. May, with which was associated Captain '
Pike's squadron of Arkansas horse, rendered useful '
servico in holding the enemy in check and in covering ji
me uauenea at several po.msv iapu oieen, rat ara,-
goons, was severely wounded in tho early part of the" '
day, while gallantly endeavoring, with my authority; ''
to rally tho troops which wef falling to the rear.
Tho Mississippi riflemen, under Col. Davis, were-
highly conspicuous for their gallantry and steadiness,
and sustained throughout the engagement the reputa-
tion of veteran troops. Brought into action against an
immensely superior force, they maintained themselves
for a long timo unsupported and with heavy loss, and'
held an important part of tho field until reinforced. Col .,
Davis, though severely wounded, remained in the saddle V
until the close of tho action. His distinguished coolness 1
and gallantry at the head of his regiment on this day
entitle him-to the particular notice of tho government.
The 3d Indiana regiment, under Col. Lane, and a frag
ment of the 2d, under Col. Bowles, were associated with .
the Mississippi regiment during the greater portion f
tho day, and acquitted themselves creditably in repuls-
iug tho attempts of the enemy to break that portion of
our lino. The Kentucky cavalry, under Col. Marshall.-
rendered good service dismounted, acting as light troops
on our left, and afterwards, with a porton of tho Ar-
kansas regiment, in meeting and dipersing the column-
of cavalry at Buena Vista. The 1st and 2d Illinois
and tho 2d Kentucky regiments, served immediately '
under my eye, and I bear a willing testimony to their
excellent conduct throughout the day. The spirit and'
gallantry with which the 1st Illinois and 2d Kentucky f
engaged tiie enemy in the moming, restored confidence
to that part of the field, whilo tho list of casualties wllL
show how much these three regiments suffered in sns--taining
the heavy charge of the enemy in the after-
noon. Capt Conner's company of Texa3 volunteers
attached to the second Dlinois regiment.foiight bravely'
its Captain being wounded and two subalterns killed..
Col. Bisscl, tho only surviving Colonel of theso regi-
ments, mer.U notice for his coolness and bravery on-
this occasion. After the fall of the field officers of tho
1st Illinois and 2d Kentnckv regiments, the command
1
4
231
. - JVg.
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Moore, Francis, Jr. Democratic Telegraph and Texas Register (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 12, No. 19, Ed. 1, Monday, May 10, 1847, newspaper, May 10, 1847; Houston, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth48454/m1/1/: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History.