The ECHO, Volume 86, Number 4, May 2014 Page: 4
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The ECHO
Prevent, recognize heat illness
Editor's note: he /o i/owing information was provided by the TDCJ Risk
ManageinenI Department. Suznmertime and summer heal have arrived, and offenders
(and staff) are encouraged to be aware of these three types of heat illnesses.
Offenders who are at a higher risk for heat illness include those
who are:
- newly assigned to a job;
- on psychiatric medications;
- over the age of 6o or
- exposed to high temperature
and humidity conditions.
Prevention of heat illness includes:
- drinking at least 1/2 cup of water every 15 minutes when working in
hot environments;
- taking a five minute break every 30-60 minutes and
- decreasing intensity of physical exertion under extreme conditions.
Types of heat illness
Heat Cramps: usually develop following strenuous exercise in muscles
that have been subjected to extensive work. The pain may be quite severe. Heat
cramps usually occur after several hours of work and mayoccur even at low ambient
temperatures. The cause is inadequate replacement of electrolyte (sodium and
potassium).
Prevention is accomplished by ample fluid intake before, during and after
work, and salting of food during meals (if not medically contraindicated). Use of
electrolyte replacement drinks (sports drinks) may also be beneficial.
Heat Exhaustion (Heat Prostration): the most common
form of heat stress, caused by depletion of water and salt. Symptoms include
weakness, anxiety, fatigue, thirst, dizziness, headache, nausea and urge to
defecate. Signs include profuse perspiration, rapid pulse, lack of coordination and
confusion. Heat prostration may lead to heat syncope, a sudden onset of collapse
that is usually of brief duration. During heat syncope the patient appears ashen
gray and skin is cool and clammy. Failure to treat heat exhaustion may result in
progression to heat stroke. Risk factors include failure to maintain adequate fluid
intake during exertion, and taking diuretics.
Prevention is accomplished by ample fluid intake before, during and after
work, proper work-rest cycles, and salting of food during meals if not medically
contraindicated.
Heat Stroke is a medical emergency! While it may be preceded by
signs of heat exhaustion, the onset is often sudden. In heat stroke the body has
lost its ability to dissipate heat and maintain a normal body temperature. Body
temperature is often elevated over 1o60F. Exertional heat stroke occurs in young,
healthypeople who maintain inadequate fluidintake during exertion. Signsinclude
headache, chills, gooseflesh, (weakness in coordination,) nausea and vomiting,
progressing to unconsciousness. Classical heat stroke is seen in the elderly, those
with predisposing medical conditions such as congestive heart failure, diabetes
and alcoholism, and those on medications that cause fluid depletion, interfere
with sweating or interfere with the body's thermoregulatory system. Classical heat
stroke has few warning signs. Collapse may be among the first symptoms. Skin
is hot and dry, and pulse is rapid and weak. Shock and death may occur in either
exertional or classical heat stroke.
Prevention includes ample fluid intake before, during and after work, proper
work-rest cycles, keeping people at high risk from working under conditions of
extreme heat and humidity and maintaining adequate indoor conditions, such as
access to cool fluids and use of cooling fans for persons at increased risk for heat
stroke.
Report all incidents of a heat-related illness to a staff
member immediately. ASmoking: Still lethal
after all these years
Brin ,n 7Moore
Vaj PfMiter
he year is 1963. At this point in American history, the actors and
models on television shows, movies and commercials all sported an
accessory called cigarettes. Even in 1949, one could pick up a maga-
zine and see a young actor named Ronald Reagan beaming happily in a to-
bacco ad with a cigarette dangling from his lips.
On buses, trains and planes, in any restaurant or diner, practically every-
one was smoking. The air inside the typical workplace was thick with ciga-
rette smoke. Butt cans were present at various points on the sidewalk and
living room coffee tables were not complete without ashtrays. There was no
such designation as "smoking" and "nonsmoking"; it was a smoker's world!
Of course most Americans didn't think twice about this as they were too busy
puffing away on their own cancer sticks. in fact, 56 percent of Americans
polled in 1958 didn't even believe that smoking caused cancer.
Then in 1964, Surgeon General Luther Terry issued a report that rocked the
nation. The report revealed to the public the real dangers of smoking. Six thou-
sand published articles served as the basis to prove that smoking was causally
related to an increased incidence of lung cancer, bronchitis and probably coro-
nary artery disease. Yet the following year, at least 42 percent of all adults in
America were still smokers.
ChesKprolem TertIon page
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Answer:
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May 2014
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Texas. Department of Criminal Justice. The ECHO, Volume 86, Number 4, May 2014, newspaper, May 2014; Huntsville, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth641136/m1/4/: accessed April 26, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.