Rockdale Messenger. (Rockdale, Tex.), Vol. 27, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 25, 1899 Page: 7 of 8
This newspaper is part of the collection entitled: The Rockdale Reporter and was provided to The Portal to Texas History by the Lucy Hill Patterson Memorial Library.
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The Best and Coldest Beer Always/on Tap,
LABOB AND INDUSTRY
SOME ITEMS OF INTEREST TO
UNION WORKMEN.
Qr|ynt*l»^H T ■ hrt. KlUMMV-fOMlbl^..
Eiohew Secrecy—New SocUllat and
Monopoll, t— What Helps Peter W*l
Help Paul.
i THE MESSENGER, ROCKDALE, TEXAS, THURSDAY, MAY 25, 1899.—EIGHT PAGES.
Wherefore?
Dlack sea, black sky! A ponderous steam-
ship driving
Between them, laboring westward on
_ her wqy. ________ -
And In her path a trap of Death’s con-
triving
Waiting remorseless for Us easy prey.
Hundreds of souls within her frame He
dreaming, .
Hoping and fearing, longing for the
light;
With human life and thought and feeling
teeming.
She struggles onward through the star-
leBs night.
Upon her furnace fire new fuel flinging.
The swarthy ilremen grumble at the
dust
Mixed with the coal, when suddenly up-
springing,
Swift through the smokestack liko a
signal thrust.
Flares a red flame, a dread illumination!
A cry of tumult! Slowly to her helm
t The vessel yields' mid shouts of acclatna-
tion,
And joy and terror all her crew o'er-
whelm;
For, looming from the blackness drear
before them
Discovered is the Iceberg—hardly seen—
Its ghastly precipices hanging o'er them,
Its reddened peaks, with dreadful
chasms between.
Ere darkness swallows Tt .i&uln, and
veering
Out of its track, the brave ship onward
steers,
Just grazing ruin. Trembling still and
fearing,
Her grateful people melt in prayers and
tears.
Is It a mockery, their profound thanks-
giving?
Another ship goes shuddering to her
doom
Unwarhed, that very night, with hopes
r as living,
With freight as precious, lost amid the
gloom;
With not a ray to show the apparition
Waiting to slay her, none to cry “Be-
ware!”'
if.-------ftushing stralght onward headlong to per-
jj \ dllion,
) And for her crew 1T"~ -vnnohgafod
FT-'.. -I.' for prayer!
Could they have stormed heaven's gate
I with anguished prayer
It would not have availed a feather’s
If weight
Against their doom. Yet were they dls-
I obeying
No law of God, to beckon such a fate.
And do not tell me the Almighty Master
Would work a miracle to save the one,
And yield the other up to dire disaster.
By merely human justice thus outdone!
Vainly we weep and wrestle with our sor-
row—
We can not see His roads, they lie so
broad;
But His eternal day knows no tomorrow,
And life and death are all the same
with God.
—Celia' Thaxter.
IJ -
Eiohew Secrecy.
The International Typographical
Union at Springfield, Mass., has re-
solved that hereafter representatives
of the press and employing printers
who may choose to attend shall be ad-
mitted to the meetings of the union.
This action was taken after a discus-
sion which brought out the advantages
to be derived by trades unions from
publication of the truth about their
work, and by disabusing the minds of
employers as to secret and discred-
itable methods of conducting union
business. I see that this action Is
being widely noted in the press as be-
ing "probably the first time a trades
union in the United States has adopt-
ed such an open policy.” While It may
not be the first time, it certainly is a
radical departure from time-honored
custom, and a step In the right direc-
tion. Whatever is done in secret
arouses suspicion of its fairness.
Neither have I ever known employ-
ers to have been ignorant of what was
gning on in unions, if they cared par-
and that they are necessary, which Is
not so certain. That trusts are monop-
olists as well goes without saying. One
of the latest illustrations is the actloi;
of the tin plate trust, that has started
in to squeeze the sheet mill owners on
a plan similar to that used by them in
compelling the manufacturers or ttn
mill machinery to enter into contracts
with them for five years. Sheet own-
ers are now unable to secure a set ol
new rolls unless they sign an agree-
ment not to use the rolls for rolling
plates for tinning. In years past, when
organized labor knew less than now,
single unions or large bodies occa-
sionally overlooked the fact that they
were not the whole beach, but sim-
ply a pebble on it, and not the only
one at that. Trouble followed every
time, and just as regularly lodged with
the organization that had overlooked
that great fact. Labor has learned.
It has prfited by mistakes. New trusts
are pursuing the same course, that
leads to the destruction of all who
persist in traveling it. Trusts want
the earth. They want to dictate hours
and wages. They want to control mar-
kets, say what and how much you
may produce; when, where, to whom,
and at-what price you are to sell it.
All this will lead to the smashing of
trusts. I believe that the same genu-
ine American spirit .that forced the
abandonment of the “bulldoze” princi-
ple by trades unions will force the
abandonment of that same policy by
trusts. . Trusts will certainly go to
smash, unless there is evolved in the
conflict a new sort of trust—one that
is wise, just, fair, and therefore benefi-
cent. I think it likely that such a
mand great concentrated movements
in the industrial field, rather than
smaller, disconnected ventures. Some
men, when they refer to the coming,
righteous trust, call it natio&al con-
trol,, governmental or municipal own-
ership, state socialism, and other
names. I don’t pretend to know ex-
actly what the beneficent trust will be
like, or what it will be called, but It
is bound to come—Is coming fast. Mu-
nicipal ownership of public utilities is
making progress, not only as a theory,
but In actual practice. That's simply
one way of trying to evolve the Inev-
itable beneficent trust
FARM AND GARDEN.
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO
AGRICULTURISTS.
'‘nine Cp-to-Dfli* Hlqts About Cal-
—tlvalloh oT tit Stffl wmt
Thereof—Horticulture, Viticulture uud
Floriculture.
What Help* Peter Will Help Paul.
The following extract from the call
for the annual convention of the In-
ternational 'Longshoremen's associa-
tion, to be held at Bu-Sfalo, N. Y., July
11, calls attention to the hardest kind
of facta, and should receive the at-
tention of every workingman or wom-
an. After it has received attention,
the conclusions reached should he act-
ed upon. Here it is:
"Every effort Is being made to make
this convention one of the largest and
most thoroughly representative yet
held, so that every branch of the craft
may receive due attention. Wore it
not for the fact that the 'longshore-
men had banded together under the
banner of the International ’Long-
shoremen’s association, their condi-
tions would not be what they are to-
day, hut unity in action resulte.1 ,ln
many enjoying a fair living. But there
are yet many things to be done; many
of our people are yet unorganized, and
it is to their Interest to point out to
them the necessity of affiliation. The
stronger we are In numbers of locals,
ticularly to find out. The rule of se
crecy keeps matters secret only when
no one cares to learn abbut 1 them.
Open meetings should be the rule
everywhere. They must be, if orga-
nized labor is to receive general rec-
ognition as a body of dignity second to
none. Nothing, I believe, would more
rapidly advance the cause of labor
than the removal of secrecy from its
meetings. Secrecy may have been nec-
essary in the past, when it was al-
most a crime to belong to a union.
That day has gone. It is now held as
honorable to belong to a union as it
is to be a member of a church, a po-
litical party, or a benevolent society.
The removal of secrecy does not mean
that every counsel of the union shall
be open to the world, any more than
open sessions of congress meap thEt
every word spoken by a committee in
deliberation must be uttered in .a loud
voice Before a gallery of spectators.
A union, as a firm, must at times de-
liberate with no outsiders present.
But there is a wide difference between
going into executive or secret session
when necessary and constantly saying
to the world that under no circum-
stances must the light of day penetrate
to where you work.
Labor Is a giant. Its counsels are
honorable. Its ends create a better
America. The more labor is under-
stood, the greater will grow its influ-
ence. Remove the veil, that all the
world may see, Jearn, admire.
SocUllat and Monopolist.
The trust may be quite accurately
defined as the modern socialist and
monopolist. Seems like an unusual
combination, but It’s so. Mr. Francis
Thurber, the millionaire grocer, a few
days ago told the national lpdustr!*t
commission that trusts are socialists
y"* in principle, which every one knows.
the lees Wg will have to rear the oppo-
sitlon. The International Is what the
delegates to the convention make it.
Select as your representatives men of
good, sound judgment; men who are
conservative in thought, yet ready for
action. Upon the delegates you send
depends the future of our association,
and it is necessary for each local to be
represented by Its proper number of
two. At no time would it be more Im-
portant that each local be represented
than at this convention. The vessel
interests are fast combining and merg-
ing Into a trust. If it is beneficial for
the carriers It is certainly equally good
for us to complete our trust, which is
more perfect than that of the car-
riers.1
What this call impresses upon ’long-
shoremen should and must be im-
pressed upon every worker, and lived
up to by every worker, if labor Is to
get where it ought to be.
Feilernl Industrial Commlmlon.
The space at my command does not
permit even a synopsis of the testi-
mony adduced from day to day before
the federal industrial commission. A
careful reading of it sh$ws one thing
above all else: That working people
must organize. Right in the same ter-
ritory they get more pay than unor-
ganized. Many employers testify that
they have no use for unorganized men.
Evidence also shows that the crea-
tion of trades council^ is. beneficial. A
trades council is a union of unions,
and in a sense unions remaining iso-
lated when circumstances permit fed-
eration are in the position of unor-
ganized men as compared with orga-
nized. It was shown by good evi-
dence that where unions had formed
trades councils and intelligently offi-
cered them, conditions had improved,
wages advanced, strikes had grown
less frequent, and differences with em-
ployers less numerous.
The passage by the California legis-
lature of the Hoey eight-hour bill and
its approval by Gov. Gage gives Cali-
fornia a law which will establish the
eight-hour day, in practice, as well as
in theory, on all public works of the
state. .
The recent Increase In the wages of
cotton operatives of New England is'
but one of the many signs that pros-
perous times are ahead of us. The In-,
crease of wages in this Industry will;
amount to more than J75.060 weekly'
In New England.
Peach Growths In Georgia.
(Condensed from the Farmers’ U*rlew
Stenographic Report of Illinois State
Horticultural convention.)
A. M. Augustine read a paper in
which hejsaid in part: It was my for-
tune and pleasure to Bpend some time
last supimer visiting the commercial
peach orchards of Georgia during their
busiest shipping season. I shall speak
principally of Mr. Hale's orchard in
Georgia, for it is conducted on thor-
ough business and horticultural meth-
ods. I arrived in Ft. Valley the morn-
ing of the 18th of July, and I can never
forget the beautiful appearance of the
great Elberta peach orchards extend-
ing along miles of drive, with the trees
on either hand bending to the ground
with the most beautiful fruit grown.
In point of value and productiveness
the Eiberta 1b to Georgia what the
Ben Davis is to the western applu
growers, except that it stands much
higher bn the list in quality.
First we will visit the pickers in the
field. To handle the crop of these
70,000 Elberta trees requires about 100
pickers. These are composed princi-
pally of negroes and are divided into
four gangs. I wish to say right here
that the South certainly has the ad-
vHiiie-oHffe''North inYfUlt glow lug
in this one respect at least, to say
nothing of the cheap lands. There is
no better laborer under the sun than
the Southern negro if he is handled
properly. When properly trained he
can do more than a white laborer and
do it more cheerfully.
Each picker carries a sack of tags
with his individual numbers on each,
and every basket that goes to the
packing house carries one of the tags.
Thus it is easy to locate any laborer
doing bad work. The trees have been
headed very low, so that now In their
eighth year, although they have made
an excellent growth, nearly all the
fruit can be gathered by the picker
white standing on the ground.
basket. The trees are gone over a
number of' times during the season.
When the fruit is picked it is. carried
on large spring wagons to a most com-
modious packing house, which is open
on both sides and ends. This packing
house has two benches running from
end to end, and on the outer side of
both benches stand the graders. The
wagons unload their fruit by the side
of the graders. In the middle of this
bench there Is a canvas trough running
from end to end. Each peach *■ Is ex-
amined separately, and, if over-ripe,
too green or specked in any manner It
is put with the culls, and the perfect
fruit is made Into two grades. The
packers stand on the inside of these
long benches and pack the fruit from
the canvas troughs I have Just men-
tioned. The grader removes the tag
from the basket where the picker has
placed it and turns in these tags. The
number of tags shows how many bas-
kets they have graded during the day.
Each packer is supplied with number-
ed tags, one of which is attached to
every c^ate he packs. This tag' lB r*-
VlCU VkWW
moved by the inspector, and if the
fruit be properly packed, the tag la
turned in to the credit of the packer;
If- the fruit Is not properly packed it
is returned to be repacked. In this
way It Is possible each morning to
tell exactly how much work every *r-
son has performed, and, although they
are paid by the day, the amount of
work performed and the manner In
which it is done is what determines
the wageB.
The Hale orchard this year put In an
evaporating plant which has been
quite a source of revenue. Very often
much of the very finest fruit will be
a trifle specked or over-ripe. About
600 bushels of this is evaporated In 24
hours, and it is worth on the market
about 9 or 10 cents per pound, and is
equal if not preferable to the best
grade of California evaporated Reaches.
Probably 90 per cent of the peaches
planted in Georgia have been Elber-
tas. The Elberta is pre-eminently the
Georgia peach.
Vurlatlon In Cow Wolj-litg. »
From Farmers’ Review: At the
beginning of each month for the past
two months the dairy herd of the
Kansas State Agricultural College has
been weighed for three consecutive
days, and the weight of each animal
determined by averaging the results
of the three days’ weighing. During
the first weigh period the herd did not
have access to water until after they
were weighed, but during the second
period they were allowed to run to the
watering trough in the yard before
weighing. To one unaccustomed to
fluctuations in animal weights the fol-
lowing results may appear astonish-
ing:
Cows -Giving Milk: The average
weight of thirteen head was 1,048 and
1,065 pounds, respectively, for the first
ahd second weigh periods. During the
first period the mlnlnnun variation of
my one individual was 4 pounds, and
(he maximum variation 65 pounds,
with an average foe the lot of 12
pounds. During the *ecoml period,
where Ihe herd had access to water,
the minimum variation was 5 pounds
and the maximum 90 pounds; but dur-
ing this period certain individuals
gained at the same time that others
lost, so that the average variation for
the lot was only 5 pounds, the same
as the minimum variation of any one
individual. In lipth periods the great-
est variation took place with animals
that weighed 900 to 950 pounds.
Dry Cows—The average weight of
twelve head was 1,113 and 1,1M pounds,
- 7 ■ ’«
■
respectively, for the first and second
wflfgh periods. During the first period
the minimum variation of any single
individual was 7 pounds, and the max-
imum variation 32 pounds, with an
average variation of 7 pounds. Dur-
ing the second period the minimum
variation was 4 pounds and the maxi-
mum 40 pounds, with an average for
the lot of 5 pounds. In the first period
the greatest variation was with a 960-
pound cow, and in the second period
with a 1,300-pound cow.
Young Stock—This lot consisted
Of five head, whose weights ranged
from 400 to 600 pounds During the
first weigh period the minimum varia-
tion was 7 and the maximum 39
pounds, wlrii an average for the lot of
23 pounds. During the second period
the minimum variation among the in-
dividuals so balanced each other that
the average variation for the lot was
only 2 pounds.
Calves—In four calves weighing from
85 to 165 pounds the variation was
from 2 to 5 pounds, the average for
the lot for both periods being about
2% pounds. The greatest variation,
however, was with the smallest calf.
Bull—This pure-bloed Guernsey had
an average weight in the first period
of 1,342 pounds, with a difference be-
tween his highest and lowest weight
of 12 pounds. In the second weigh
period his average weight was 1,355
pounds, with a variation of 19 pounds.
The above notes show that a con-
siderable variation may take place in
consecutive daily weights of the same
animal without any apparent cause.
When a person is particular about get-
ting an actrurate weight of an animal
W. F. Farmer,
BLACKSMITH
.and
three daily weighings.
Selection of Seed Corn bv Cross Breeding
It will pay the farmers of Kansas
to test the vaiue of the following
methods of selecting seed corn: Two
or three rows are planted in the mid-
dle of the field, using seed of a differ-
ent variety from that used in the re-
mainder of the field. The tassels of
the corn In these rows are pulled out
and1’ before ‘ they develop pollen, so
that the ears will be fertilized with
pollen from the remainder of the field.
The seed from these rows Is selected
for next year’s planting, and it is
WOOD-WORKMAN,
desires to call special attention to his
Expert Horse-Shoer,
Claude butsoti,
and warrants satisfaction.
All Work Guaranteed.
H. DRUSCHKE,
Blacksmith, Wood-
work and Repair
Shop.
Horseshoeing done to order
and in first-class style. New
tools and good stock of ma-
terial.
PAUL,
The old reliable horse-shoer,
is with me. - Shop at the. old
P. W.Lear stand at the rear of
Clark’s hardware store.
H. Druschke.
JFfrOk WrWPBS,
(Samororiy
as,
DEALER IN.
creased by at least ten bushels per
acre. Colonel Dudley of Topeka has
done a great deal in this line, and re-
ports excellent result. If the yield of
the Kansas corn crop could T)e in-
creased ten bushels per acre It would
mean several million dollars added to
the value of the crop, and obtained
by only a very little increase of labor
expended. About fifteen farmers in
the vicinity of Manhattan have agreed
to co-operate with the Kansas Experi-
ment Station in testing the methods
this year, but why should not five hun-
dred or a thousand farmers all over
Kansas join In the work? It will re-
quire very little labor. Any farmer
can find a different variety of corn
from his own by going three miles, or
less, away from his home; and the
work of pulling out the tassels will bo
little more than the work necessary
to cut the weeds out of the same num-
ber of rows. Farmers, give this mat-
ter your careful attention, and then
plan to take up the work. The mem-
bers of the station council will gladly
correspond with you 1n regard-4© any
further Information you may need.—
R. W. Clothier, Kansas State Agri-
cultural College.
FartllUar Ingredient* In Crop* from On*
Acre.
Nitro- Pot- Phos.
Crops. gen. ash. acid.
Apples ........ 89 lbs 60 lb* 80 IDS
Barley .........87 lbs 61 lbs 80 lbs
Beans ......... 75 lbs 63 lbs " 30 lbs
Buckwheat .... 66 lbs 40 lbs 14 lbs
Cabbage .......200 lbs 270 lbs 70 lbs
Clover, green ..130 lbs 140 lbs 40 lbs
Clover, dry .... 82 lbs 88 lbs 18 lbs
Corn .......... 83 lbs 55 lbs 48 lbs
Grapes 82 lbs 39 lbs 11 lbs
Hops .......... 84 lbs 63 lbs 23 lbs
Mixed hay .... 70 lbs 77 lbs 18 lbs
Xf&ta ........... 65 lba—62 lbs—23 lbs
Onions ......... 72 lbs 72 lbs 37 lbs
Pears ..........32 lbs 26 lbs 10 lbs
Peas ...........108 lbs 52 lbs 33 lbs
Plums ......... 30 lbs 40 lbs 4 lbs
Potatoes ....... 46 lbs 74 lbs 21 lbs
Rye r........... 51 lbs 45 lbs 26 lba
Sugar beets • • ■ • 69 lbs 143 lbs 32 lbs
Timothy hay .. 89 lbs 94 lbs 23 lbs
Tobacco ....... 76 lbs 200 lbs 16 lbs
Tomatoes...... 32 lbs 54 lbs 20 lbs
Turnips ........ 80 lbs 180 lbs 52 lbs
Wheat ......... 59 lbs 31 lbs 24 lbs
The above table may safely be used
in computing the probable draught on
the soil for each of the crops men-
tioned. It must be understood, how-
ever, that for fruits, the demand for
fertilizer for the annual wood growth
and for the leaves and pruned twigs
is not1 included.'—Plant Food.
Why One Farmer Failed.—In a
down-cast village store, the wise-acres
gat in council on the nail kegs and tool
boxes. 'Til tell you Just what kind of
a man Tom Jones was, said the chief
critic, a sharp-eyed, but not unkindly,
son of the soil. "He’s dead now, and
we can’t hurt him by what we say,
and might as well speak out plain. He
nevei got or in the world, and thers
was a mighty good reason for 1L Fact
is, he never did anything so ’twould
stay done. He was a good worker; be
lived on the next farm to me a dozen
years, and I can testify that he wasn’t
lazy. He would mow, for Instance, and
was careful to pick up every stone In
front of his scythe. He’d pick it up
and carefully lay it out of the way be-
hind him. > Next year, when he came
to mow that field, he’d pick up the
same stones again and lay them be-
hind him, and that way he picked
those stones over and over year after
year. That way of doing things gave
him a good chance to work hard and
die pbor. and that was all what ail«d
him all through life.”—Ex.
Jewelry, Pianos and Organs
AGENT FOR
The Celebrated EBty Pianos and
Organs, Brainboch and Kowton
Pianos, and others.
WRITE FOR TERMS AND PRICE®,
wmmBaaemaeaameaaamemmmmeemmm
Push and perseverance brings sac
cess. Push your business by advertis-
ing in tbe Messenger. ■
IF YOU WOULD TRAVEL
to the
EAST, NORTH
or SOUTHEAST
in comfort, porches*
your tickets-via the
The *SEST TIME,
the BEST SERVICE
end the BEST con-
nections ere Assured.
The only Urn opereting
PARLOR CAF6 CARS
(auk • It carte).
Tollman Sleepers,
Regent Wide VesNboled
FREE Chair Cara.
THE BEST ROUTE ;
... ID...
Memphis, Louisville, Cfncinneti, Nesh-
•vide, Chattanooga, Atlanta, Hem
York, Washington, Philadelphia, B*L
timore, end other cities of the North,
East end Southeest.
For maps, time tables end other in-
formation, norite your nearest Cotton
*Bett Agent, dr
S.G. WARNER, RM. MORGAN,
tM’/Pon’ruidTit.Agt., TrmrdOf Pm'r Herat,
TYLER, TEX. FT. WORTH, TEX.
Si
mm
Iffa
■ I m
p
■
MB*
:b-f
::4Wm
i-i
'll
. f%ia
viaS
A
■4waaa
r Safi
OLD...
TRAVELERS
always asa lira Lsxarlaaa Service of the
Queen & Crescent Route
tfcs Start lie* to the EAST AND '
NORnt.
THROUGH SLEEPERS . . "
Shreveport to Chattanooga.
PULLMAN BUFFET SLEEPERS
New Orleana to New York
Cincinnati and St. Louis.
T. M. HUNT. OEOrH. SMITH,
TMV. PM*. «OT , «R<1 PAM.
I
r&s
Schmidt's $aloon.
t i f
He Keeps the Celebrated
T. P. RIPY WHISKIES
SAN ANTONIO & ARANSAS PASS R7.
(Mission Route)
"NORTH BOUND.
No. 42, makes connection
at Cameron with the Santa
Fe, at Waco with the Cotton
Belt, Missouri, Kansas A Texas,
Texas Central and Waco &
Northwestern.
Mixed Train arrives at Rockdale
at 8:30 a. m.
SOUTH BOUND-
No. 41, makes conned^
tion at Giddings with Houston
A Texas Central, at West Point
with Missouri, Kansas A Texat.
at Flatoniawith Southern Padfld
Mixed Tr#in arrives at Rockdalq
atr 10:00 p. m.
For further information as to Routes, Rates
Etc., apply to
J. A. BASHAW, Agent,
_ ' ' Rockdale, Teams* :-
The matron of a well known Masonic Home mentions one inmate*
seventy years of age, who has been in the infirmary for three years,!
a great sufferer frohi indigestion, and has been taking Ripans Tab- '
ulcs about a year and a half and finds them so beneficial that he is
never without them. He is willing that his name should be used in
a testimonial, as it might be of use in persuading some other person
to try them. A second old gentleman, in the same institution,
eighty-four years of age, has had liver trouble for many years and
finds that RT’P'AtN’S help him very much. They also have two
nurses there, one thirty years of age, the other forty-two; both suffer;
from indigestion, causing headache, depression of spirits and nenr*
ousness. They take'the Tabules and find them so useful that they!
always have a package in their pockets. The matron also state*
that she is forty-five years of age and at times suffers with indiges^
tion, causing pain and paroxysms of belching, and finds that thej!
Tabules are very good indeed and is perfectly willing to have hefy
name used in a testimonial.
\WASTED;—A CM* or iMdliMlth t*«t R-
relief. Not* tlx word R-I PA N fl oa
(waiv- packet, for41 r«ow.,n>*/1m had U a
auiord to aaj e44ree* fee 4 cent* (eewerde
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Ferguson, W. M. Rockdale Messenger. (Rockdale, Tex.), Vol. 27, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 25, 1899, newspaper, May 25, 1899; (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth694706/m1/7/?q=%22thurber+%22~1: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Lucy Hill Patterson Memorial Library.